1066
`R. Surati
`12/01/2022
`
`Apress®
`
`Page 1
`IPR2022-00031 / IPR2022-00032 / IPR2022-00033 / PGR2022-00006
`Petitioner Apple Inc., Ex. 1066
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc., Ex. 1066, p. Cover
`Apple Inc. v. MemoryWeb, LLC, IPR2022-00032
`
`

`

`■■■
`
`Learn Mac OS X Snow
`Leopard
`
`■■■
`
`Scott Meyers and Mike Lee
`
`IPR2022-00031 / IPR2022-00032 / IPR2022-00033 / PGR2022-00006
`
`Page ii
`
`Apress®
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc., Ex. 1066, p. ii
`Apple Inc. v. MemoryWeb, LLC, IPR2022-00032
`
`

`

`Learn Mac OS X Snow Leopard
`
`Copyright © 2009 by Scott Meyers and Mike Lee
`
`All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
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`ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4302-1946-0
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`The source code for this book is available to readers at (cid:100)(cid:112)(cid:112)(cid:108)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:43)(cid:115)(cid:115)(cid:115)(cid:42)(cid:93)(cid:108)(cid:110)(cid:97)(cid:111)(cid:111)(cid:42)(cid:95)(cid:107)(cid:105).
`
`IPR2022-00031 / IPR2022-00032 / IPR2022-00033 / PGR2022-00006
`
`Page iii
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc., Ex. 1066, p. iii
`Apple Inc. v. MemoryWeb, LLC, IPR2022-00032
`
`

`

`Contents at a Glance
`
`About the Authors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii
`
`About the Technical Reviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv
`
`Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxvii
`
`Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix
`
`PART 1 (cid:78)฀(cid:78)฀(cid:78) Getting to Know Snow Leopard
`Working in Snow Leopard: The Aqua Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
`CHAPTER 1
`■
`
`CHAPTER 2
`■
`
`CHAPTER 3
`■
`
`The File System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
`
`Using Spotlight, Exposé, Spaces, and Dashboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
`
`PART 2 (cid:78)฀(cid:78)฀(cid:78) Customizing and Administering
`Leopard
`System Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
`
`CHAPTER 4
`■
`
`CHAPTER 5
`■
`
`CHAPTER 6
`■
`
`CHAPTER 7
`■
`
`CHAPTER 8
`■
`
`Printing, Peripherals, and Bluetooth in Snow Leopard . . . . . . . . . . . 127
`
`Common Mac OS X Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
`
`Backup, Synchronization, and Recovery of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
`
`Mac OS X Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
`
`PART 3 (cid:78)฀(cid:78)฀(cid:78) Communications and the Internet
`Connecting to the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
`CHAPTER 9
`■
`
`CHAPTER 10
`■
`
`Browsing the Web with Safari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
`
`CHAPTER 11 Mail, Address Book, and iCal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
`■
`
`CHAPTER 12
`■
`
`iChat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
`
`CHAPTER 13 MobileMe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
`■
`
`iv
`
`IPR2022-00031 / IPR2022-00032 / IPR2022-00033 / PGR2022-00006
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc., Ex. 1066, p. iv
`Apple Inc. v. MemoryWeb, LLC, IPR2022-00032
`
`

`

`PART 4 (cid:78)฀(cid:78)฀(cid:78) Working with Applications
`Application Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
`CHAPTER 14
`■
`
`CHAPTER 15
`■
`
`CHAPTER 16
`■
`
`Snow Leopard Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
`
`iLife ’09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
`
`PART 5 (cid:78)฀(cid:78)฀(cid:78) Getting to Know Darwin
`Introducing Darwin and the Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
`CHAPTER 17
`■
`
`CHAPTER 18
`■
`
`Extending the Power of Darwin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
`
`PART 6 (cid:78)฀(cid:78)฀(cid:78) Snow Leopard Networking
`Snow Leopard Networking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
`CHAPTER 19
`■
`
`CHAPTER 20 Working with Remote Servers and Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
`■
`
`CHAPTER 21
`■
`
`Snow Leopard As a Web Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
`
`PART 7 (cid:78)฀(cid:78)฀(cid:78) Snow Leopard Development and
`Scripting
`CHAPTER 22 Mac OS X Automation with Automator and AppleScript . . . . . . . . . . 481
`■
`
`CHAPTER 23 Mac OS X Development: The Application Frameworks . . . . . . . . . . . 513
`■
`
`CHAPTER 24 Mac OS X Development: The Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
`■
`
`CHAPTER 25 Mac OS X Development: Objective-C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
`■
`
`IPR2022-00031 / IPR2022-00032 / IPR2022-00033 / PGR2022-00006
`
`v
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc., Ex. 1066, p. v
`Apple Inc. v. MemoryWeb, LLC, IPR2022-00032
`
`

`

`vi
`
`(cid:78)C O N T E N T S A T A G L A N C E
`
`PART 8 (cid:78)฀(cid:78)฀(cid:78) Cross-Platform Solutions
`CHAPTER 26 Working with Microsoft Windows and Other Operating Systems . . . 623
`■
`
`PART 9 (cid:78)฀(cid:78)฀(cid:78) Appendixes
`What’s New in Snow Leopard?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
`APPENDIX A
`■
`
`APPENDIX B
`■
`
`APPENDIX C
`■
`
`Installing and Setting Up Snow Leopard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
`
`Our Favorite Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
`
`INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665
`■
`
`IPR2022-00031 / IPR2022-00032 / IPR2022-00033 / PGR2022-00006
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc., Ex. 1066, p. vi
`Apple Inc. v. MemoryWeb, LLC, IPR2022-00032
`
`

`

`Introduction
`
`Whether you’re new to the Mac or just new to Snow Leopard, we wrote this book for you.
`
`We didn’t say new to computers. That’s what makes this book unique. Maybe you’re an
`infrequent upgrader or a programmer from another platform who bought a Mac to write soft-
`ware for the iPhone. We talk to you, without talking down to you.
`We don’t explain to you what a mouse is, but we do tell how using a mouse on a Mac is
`different from using a mouse on Windows. We give detailed summaries of every part of Mac
`OS X, from the Finder to Terminal.
`We give you a tour of the Applications folder, with chapters dedicated to Snow Leopard
`applications and iLife, Apple’s digital lifestyle suite. We get you connected, with chapters on
`Safari, iChat, and MobileMe, as well as on the productivity trio of Mail, Address Book, and iCal.
`We don’t stop at the consumer stuff. We point out the Pro versions and link to the docu-
`mentation. We provide generous screenshots and actual, usable sample code. We talk about
`the UNIX layer that lives beneath Aqua’s candy shell. We show you how to master your Mac
`with shell scripts, AppleScripts, and Automator.
`We show you how to install the Xcode developer tools. We take you on a tour of the Cocoa
`frameworks and get up close and personal with Objective-C, the native programming language
`of both Mac OS X and iPhone OS.
`Whether you want to learn how to produce a podcast with GarageBand or become the
`next App Store millionaire with Xcode, we get you started. With the power that we help you
`unlock from your Mac, this book doesn’t just pay for itself; it beats the returns on Wall Street.
`
`IPR2022-00031 / IPR2022-00032 / IPR2022-00033 / PGR2022-00006
`
`xxix
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc., Ex. 1066, p. xxix
`Apple Inc. v. MemoryWeb, LLC, IPR2022-00032
`
`

`

`C H A P T E R 1
`
`Working in Snow Leopard:
`The Aqua Interface
`
`Whether you are new to OS X or just new to Snow Leopard, the first step to getting the most
`
`out of your computer is to learn a bit about Aqua. Apple has designed what many people think
`is the most attractive, user-friendly interface of any popular computer operating system today;
`however, if you come to OS X after years of using Windows or some other operating system,
`you will likely encounter a number of features that are different and perhaps even confusing.
`Also, if you are just making the upgrade from Tiger or an earlier Mac OS X version, you will
`immediately notice a number of differences in Snow Leopard; even if you’re upgrading from
`Leopard to Snow Leopard, you may notice a few refinements to the interface. This chapter
`will go over the interface basics of Snow Leopard and show you how to get the most out of it,
`specifically:
`
`฀
`
`฀
`
`฀
`
`(cid:115)฀ (cid:52)(cid:72)(cid:69)฀(cid:77)(cid:69)(cid:78)(cid:85)฀(cid:66)(cid:65)(cid:82)
`
`(cid:115)฀ (cid:52)(cid:72)(cid:69)฀(cid:38)(cid:73)(cid:78)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:82)฀(cid:65)(cid:78)(cid:68)฀(cid:84)(cid:72)(cid:69)฀(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:83)(cid:75)(cid:84)(cid:79)(cid:80)
`
`(cid:115)฀ (cid:52)(cid:72)(cid:69)฀(cid:36)(cid:79)(cid:67)(cid:75)
`
`The Menu Bar
`The menu bar may seem like an odd choice as the first topic to cover in this book; however, it
`is one of the primary user-interface (UI) elements for both controlling and getting information
`in OS X. It is also the UI element that is most unique to OS X (and actually the Mac OS since its
`inception). The menu bar (shown in Figure 1-1) is divided into three primary areas: the Apple
`menu, the application menus, and the status menus.
`
`ti Fi nder File Ed it Vi ew Go Window Help
`
`Figure 1-1. The OS X menu bar in Leopard
`
`IPR2022-00031 / IPR2022-00032 / IPR2022-00033 / PGR2022-00006
`
`3
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc., Ex. 1066, p. 3
`Apple Inc. v. MemoryWeb, LLC, IPR2022-00032
`
`

`

`4
`
`C H A P T E R 1 (cid:78)฀ W O R K I N G I N S N O W L E O P A R D : T H E A Q U A I N T E R F A C E
`
`The Apple Menu
`
`The Apple menu on the far-left side of the menu bar (shown expanded in Figure 1-2) is a special
`menu containing a number of system-level commands and resources that are particularly handy
`to have easily accessible. This includes the About This Mac command; shortcuts to Software
`Update; the System Preferences command; shortcuts to Dock preferences; the Recent Items
`command (including shortcuts for applications, documents, and servers); the Force Quit com-
`mand that allows you to immediately quit an application; the Sleep, Restart…, and Shut Down…
`commands; and the Log Out User… command. Most of these are fairly obvious as to what they
`do; however, some additional information about some of these items may be helpful.
`
`n
`
`About This Mac
`So.ftwaire Upda·te ...
`Mac. OS :X Software ...
`
`System Prefe ren<:es ...
`Dock
`
`Rece11t Items
`
`►
`
`►
`
`Force Quit Finder
`
`'\:-O~i:::)
`
`Sle@p
`Restart ...
`Sh ut Dow 11 ...
`
`"\":X~
`
`Log Out Scott Meyers...
`
`-OXQ
`
`Figure 1-2. The Apple menu
`
`The About This Mac command opens a window (shown in Figure 1-3) that gives you some
`fairly self-explanatory information about your computer. Clicking the light gray text under the
`large Mac OS X that reads Version 10.6 will cycle through additional information, including the
`exact operating system build number and the computer’s serial number (this is a much easier
`way to get your serial number than searching around for it on your actual computer). The
`More Info button in the About This Mac window launches the System Profiler application that
`contains all sorts of information about your computer and the software installed on it.
`
`IPR2022-00031 / IPR2022-00032 / IPR2022-00033 / PGR2022-00006
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc., Ex. 1066, p. 4
`Apple Inc. v. MemoryWeb, LLC, IPR2022-00032
`
`

`

`C H A P T E R 1 (cid:78)฀ W O R K I N G I N S N O W L E O P A R D : T H E A Q U A I N T E R F A C E
`
`5
`
`About This- Mac
`
`Mac O·S X
`Version 10.6
`
`( So-Ftwaire U'pd atte. .. )
`
`Prooee.s.~or 2. 1 6 GH!z lnttel Core Ouo
`
`Memory 2 GB 667 MHz DDll2 SDRAM
`
`Slartwp Disk S,iow Wilile HD
`
`c More Info . ..
`
`)
`
`TM ~~d O 19:83-2009 Apple Inc.
`Al l Rfg~1, Rese,....,,d.
`
`Figure 1-3. About This Mac window
`
`The Recent Items command opens a submenu that by default shows you the last ten
`applications, documents, and servers you accessed (for a total of up to thirty items). You can
`adjust these defaults in the Appearance panel in System Preferences (we’ll talk about System
`Preferences in depth in Chapter 4). You’ll also see an option here to clear all items if, for what-
`ever reason, you don’t want that information to display.
`The Force Quit command opens a new window that shows all the currently running Aqua
`applications. From this window you can select any of those applications to quit immediately.
`By immediately, we mean right away—no saving files or anything. The application will just
`quit. About the only times you may find yourself needing this is if an application freezes up
`(or in Apple lingo, stops responding) or if you need to relaunch the Finder (if you force quit the
`Finder, it will start back up, so in Apple lingo, rather than force quit the Finder, you relaunch it).
`
`(cid:78)Tip You can also force quit any item from the Dock by Control-Option-clicking on the desired item in the
`Dock and selecting Force Quit from the contextual menu (if you apply this to the Finder instead of Force Quit,
`
`you will see Relaunch). If all else fails, holding down Command-Option-Shift-Esc for a few seconds will force
`
`quit the foreground application.
`
`IPR2022-00031 / IPR2022-00032 / IPR2022-00033 / PGR2022-00006
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc., Ex. 1066, p. 5
`Apple Inc. v. MemoryWeb, LLC, IPR2022-00032
`
`

`

`6
`
`C H A P T E R 1 (cid:78)฀ W O R K I N G I N S N O W L E O P A R D : T H E A Q U A I N T E R F A C E
`
`(cid:78)Note You may notice that some menu items have an ellipsis (…) after them, and some don’t. According to
`Apple’s Human Interface Guidelines ((cid:100)(cid:112)(cid:112)(cid:108)(cid:54)(cid:43)(cid:43)(cid:96)(cid:97)(cid:114)(cid:97)(cid:104)(cid:107)(cid:108)(cid:97)(cid:110)(cid:42)(cid:93)(cid:108)(cid:108)(cid:104)(cid:97)(cid:42)(cid:95)(cid:107)(cid:105)(cid:43)(cid:96)(cid:107)(cid:95)(cid:113)(cid:105)(cid:97)(cid:106)(cid:112)(cid:93)(cid:112)(cid:101)(cid:107)(cid:106)(cid:43)(cid:113)(cid:111)(cid:97)(cid:110)(cid:97)(cid:116)(cid:108)(cid:97)(cid:110)(cid:101)(cid:97)(cid:106)(cid:95)(cid:97)(cid:43)
`(cid:63)(cid:107)(cid:106)(cid:95)(cid:97)(cid:108)(cid:112)(cid:113)(cid:93)(cid:104)(cid:43)(cid:61)(cid:108)(cid:108)(cid:104)(cid:97)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:67)(cid:113)(cid:101)(cid:96)(cid:97)(cid:104)(cid:101)(cid:106)(cid:97)(cid:111)(cid:43)(cid:84)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:67)(cid:69)(cid:106)(cid:112)(cid:110)(cid:107)(cid:43)(cid:84)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:67)(cid:69)(cid:106)(cid:112)(cid:110)(cid:107)(cid:42)(cid:100)(cid:112)(cid:105)(cid:104)), items with the ellipsis require some
`additional user interaction to complete a task. In general, this means an item will either prompt you or open
`a window with additional options. Another item common in menus is the sideways triangle on the far right,
`which indicates the menu item will open a submenu, and of course keyboard shortcuts are viewable for a num-
`
`ber of menu items.
`
`Application Menus
`
`Moving just to the right of the Apple menu begins the application menus. This is where people
`new to Macs tend to get thrown off; you see, in OS X, there is only one application menu bar,
`and this is it. The application menus, however, are dynamic in the sense that the information
`in one menu bar reflects the application running in the foreground. So if Microsoft Word is the
`active foreground application, the menu bar will provide the menu items provided by Micro-
`soft Word (see Figure 1-4). If you bring the Finder or another application to the foreground, the
`menu bar will change to provide menu items for that application.
`
`• Word File Edit View
`
`Insert Format Font Tools Table Window Work Help
`
`* 0 f 0 0
`
`':;;;> ◄•~ Eel• Sun 8:01 PM Q
`
`Figure 1-4. The menu bar’s application menu presents Microsoft Word’s menus when you’re
`using Microsoft Word. Compare this to the Finder’s menus in Figure 1-1.
`
`(cid:78)Note While Mac OS X runs many applications concurrently (i.e., it multitasks), it assumes that the user is
`generally actively using one application at a time. The application that is currently being used is referred to
`as the foreground application; other applications are said to be running in the background. Sometimes the
`foreground application is also called the application that has focus.
`
`In keeping with standard Mac UI guidelines, many menu items are the same from one
`application to another; additionally, the general arrangement of the menus should be fairly
`consistent from one application to another (however, developers can create applications
`that deviate from this in sometimes minor and sometimes major ways). The first menu to the
`right of the Apple menu, called the application menu, should always reflect the name of the
`current foreground application. In addition to the application menu, almost all proper Aqua
`applications have at least the following additional menus: File, Edit, Window, and Help. Inter-
`face Builder, part of the Xcode tools, sets up the following application menus by default: New
`Application, File, Edit, Format, View, Window, and Help. Everything between the Edit and
`Window menus tends to vary from application to application.
`
`IPR2022-00031 / IPR2022-00032 / IPR2022-00033 / PGR2022-00006
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc., Ex. 1066, p. 6
`Apple Inc. v. MemoryWeb, LLC, IPR2022-00032
`
`

`

`C H A P T E R 1 (cid:78)฀ W O R K I N G I N S N O W L E O P A R D : T H E A Q U A I N T E R F A C E
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`7
`
`(cid:78)Note Strangely, while Interface Builder defaults to an order of menus that puts Format before View, many
`applications (including Microsoft Word, and even Apple’s own Mail application) tend to switch that order.
`
`The five most common menus tend to serve the following purposes:
`
`Application menu: This menu identifies the application and usually contains the option
`to access the application’s preferences and other options. This also contains the Services
`menu item, one of the most overlooked features of OS X.
`
`(cid:78)Tip The Services menu is a powerful way to leverage the power of external services inside any applica-
`tion. By default, Apple provides a number of services. (One of the most interesting services, Summarize,
`takes a large block of text and attempts to summarize it into a shorter block of text with surprisingly good
`
`results.) However, many applications also make some of their features available through the Services menu.
`
`We encourage you to play around with this, because it’s a powerful feature that too few people take advan-
`
`tage of. If you have used Services in the past you may notice that this menu has undergone some changes
`
`in Snow Leopard. The most significant change is that rather than expand all installed services, the improved
`
`Services menu will only show relevant available services.
`
`File: This is the menu where you generally create new documents or open, save, and print
`existing application documents.
`
`Edit: The Edit menu contains standard menu items such as the Cut, Copy, Paste, Select
`All, Undo, Find, and Replace commands as well as Spelling and Grammar submenu items.
`The actual list of items here varies from application to application, as some of the default
`items are commonly removed from certain types of applications, and some applications
`add a few items of their own.
`
`Window: The Window menu manages multiple open windows from an application. Cer-
`tain applications are designed to run in only one window and therefore may remove this
`menu.
`
`Help: The Help menu (Figure 1-5) contains a list of help documentation for the applica-
`tion and for OS X in general. The help search feature, introduced in Mac OS X Leopard,
`provides an immediate dynamic contextual help system to help you find just the right
`information or item you need to find.
`
`IPR2022-00031 / IPR2022-00032 / IPR2022-00033 / PGR2022-00006
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc., Ex. 1066, p. 7
`Apple Inc. v. MemoryWeb, LLC, IPR2022-00032
`
`

`

`8
`
`C H A P T E R 1 (cid:78)฀ W O R K I N G I N S N O W L E O P A R D : T H E A Q U A I N T E R F A C E
`
`• Word File Ed it
`
`Insert Format Font Too ls Tab le Window Work
`
`'\:X R
`
`Mac Help
`
`too
`Menu Item s a Toolbox
`a Re rerence Tool,;
`Cl Toolbars
`
`0
`
`Cl Toolbars > Formatting
`Cl Toolbars > Co ntact
`a Tcolbars > Re vi ewing
`I::] Tool bars > Tables and Border s
`E:I Tool bars> AutoText
`E:I Customize Tcolbars and Menu s ...
`
`}: If you don't see the window toolbar
`l: Addi ng a printer shared by a Wln ...
`U: Previewing Images
`l: About MoblleMe
`ll Shortcuts for navigation
`l,l About Input methods for dlfferen ...
`}l Mod ifying PDF flies using Quartz ..
`ll About network Install images
`l{ Using a Mighty Mouse
`ll Adjusting your dlsptay's brightness
`}:l: Show All Results
`
`Draft
`Web Layout
`Outline
`Print Layout
`Notebook Layout
`Publishing Layout
`
`Toolbox
`V al Formatting Palette
`~ Obj ect Palette
`Ill Citations
`la Scrapbook
`irll Reference Tools
`, Compatibility Report
`Si Project Palette
`
`Elements Gallery
`
`Customize Toolbars and Menus ...
`Navigation Pane
`
`Ruler
`Header and Footer
`Footnotes
`Markup
`Reveal Formatting
`Full Screen
`Zoom ...
`
`Formatting
`Contact
`V Rev iewing
`Tabl es and Bord ers
`
`1
`
`AutoTexr
`Background
`Database
`Drawing
`Forms
`Movie
`Speech
`
`Figure 1-5. Snow Leopard’s help system can help find an application’s menu items.
`
`(cid:78)Note One unique feature of OS X applications that relates to the menu bar is that since the menu bar is
`separate from the application window, the application can (and usually does) run even if no windows are
`
`open. This is one of those big WTF (Wow That’s Fascinating) moments that people have when coming to the
`
`Mac from Microsoft Windows. With Windows, when you close a window (usually by clicking the X button
`
`on the far-right side of the title bar), the application closes along with the window. This is not so for many
`
`applications in OS X. In OS X if you close a window (usually by clicking the X button on the far-left side of the
`
`title bar), then the window will close, but the application itself will probably still be running. To actually close
`
`an application in Mac OS X, you generally must explicitly quit it from the application menu (or by using the
`
`Command-Q keyboard shortcut or selecting Quit from the application’s Dock item contextual menu).
`
`(cid:78)Note Contrary to the previous note, sometimes applications do quit when you close the window. This is
`one of those further head-scratching moments in OS X. The reason is that in OS X, there are different appli-
`
`cation types. Document-based applications usually follow the previous rules, while other applications don’t
`
`(always). The general rule is that if you can have multiple windows open, then you can have none, even
`
`while the application is running. However, if your application provides only a single window, then when that
`
`window is closed, the application usually quits. Examples of default Apple applications that quit when the
`
`windows are closed are System Preferences, Dictionary, and Font Book. Keep in mind that if an application is
`
`running, this will be indicated in the Dock.
`
`IPR2022-00031 / IPR2022-00032 / IPR2022-00033 / PGR2022-00006
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc., Ex. 1066, p. 8
`Apple Inc. v. MemoryWeb, LLC, IPR2022-00032
`
`

`

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`9
`
`Status Menus
`
`On the far right of the menu bar is where you will find a number of status menus (a.k.a., menu
`bar icons, menu bar items, or menu bar extras). These special menus are available at all times
`and can provide information as well as quick access to certain functions. The magnifying glass
`icon on the far right is the Spotlight icon where you can access the Spotlight search feature of
`Mac OS X (covered in depth in Chapter 3); this icon is ever-present and immovable. You can
`usually move the other status menus around by Command-dragging them with your mouse. If
`you drag an icon out of the menu bar, it will be removed from it. Most of the status menus that
`are available by default in Snow Leopard are tied to System Preferences, so if you accidentally
`remove one, you can usually add it again in the appropriate System Preferences panel.
`Besides the status menus available from System Preferences, additional status menu items
`are available from various applications and third-party utilities. A couple of examples included
`with Snow Leopard are the Script menu that can be added from within the AppleScript Utility
`and an iChat menu available from the iChat preferences.
`
`(cid:78)Note The Script menu makes a large number of useful prewritten AppleScripts available from the menu
`bar (and of course you can add your own AppleScripts to the menu). This is a wonderful menu to include if
`
`you use even a few AppleScripts on a frequent basis.
`
`The Finder (and the Desktop)
`The Finder is a key application that provides the interface for navigating your file system,
`opening files and applications, and many more of the features that provide the Mac OS X its
`famed ease of use. It is designed to allow you to find whatever you are looking for on your Mac
`and then get out of your way so you can work (or play, create, or whatever you do on your
`computer). Most of the work done with the Finder is done in the Finder window, shown in
`Figure 1-6.
`
`IPR2022-00031 / IPR2022-00032 / IPR2022-00033 / PGR2022-00006
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc., Ex. 1066, p. 9
`Apple Inc. v. MemoryWeb, LLC, IPR2022-00032
`
`

`

`10
`
`C H A P T E R 1 (cid:78)฀ W O R K I N G I N S N O W L E O P A R D : T H E A Q U A I N T E R F A C E
`
`f'
`(')
`GE]
`
`llack
`
`T DEV ICES
`
`Snow White HO
`
`Stitch HD
`
`iDisk
`~
`~ Snow Wh ite TM
`
`Y PlACES
`
`f:IDesktop
`
`~ App lications
`[J Documents
`
`T SEARCH FOR
`(9 Today
`(9 Yesterday
`(9 Past Week
`
`~ All Images
`la! All Movies
`~ All Documents
`
`llaallllll1.,11I
`
`View
`
`1'.ij, scott
`@] IO· I
`
`Quick Look Action
`
`C )
`
`Search
`
`Desktop
`
`Documents
`
`Downloads
`
`Lib rary
`
`Movies
`
`Music
`
`Pictures
`
`Public
`
`Sites
`
`9 items, 8 7. 5 GB available
`
`-0-----,;;
`
`Figure 1-6. The Finder window showing a typical home directory
`
`As you can see, the Finder window is divided into three areas: the toolbar on top, the side-
`bar along the left of the window, and the main viewing area that takes up most of the window.
`
`The Finder’s Toolbar
`
`The toolbar (Figure 1-7) provides some buttons and a search field for working in the Finder.
`The arrows on the far left move you forward and backward through your Finder history in the
`same way as in most web browsers. The four buttons grouped together alter how the Finder
`displays items. The button with the eye icon opens the selected Finder item in Quick Look.
`The button with the gear icon opens a menu with some Finder options in it, and all the way on
`the right side is a search box that helps you find any item on any connected hard drive (using
`Spotlight). We’ll talk about the different Finder views and Quick Look later in this chapter.
`
`..
`
`GE]
`Back
`
`II aa llllll11■11)
`
`View
`
`a1 scott
`I GI IO · I
`
`Quick Look Action
`
`Figure 1-7. The Finder’s default toolbar
`
`(cid:78)Note Most toolbars in Aqua applications, including the Finder’s, can be customized by Control-clicking
`the toolbar and selecting Customize Toolbar from the contextual pop-up menu.
`
`IPR2022-00031 / IPR2022-00032 / IPR2022-00033 / PGR2022-00006
`
`Petitioner Apple Inc., Ex. 1066, p. 10
`Apple Inc. v. MemoryWeb, LLC, IPR2022-00032
`
`

`

`C H A P T E R 1 (cid:78)฀ W O R K I N G I N S N O W L E O P A R D : T H E A Q U A I N T E R F A C E
`
`11
`
`(cid:78)Note A Control-click is commonly known as a right-click in Microsoft Windows speak (since by default,
`a right-click on a two-button mouse is set up to Control-click). Due to tradition (Macs used to come with
`
`one-button mice, and Apple notebooks still only have a single button, if they have a button at all) and to the
`
`fact that mouse buttons can generally be programmed differently, we will be using Control-click throughout
`
`the book. Still, by default, clicking the right mouse button (as well as the two-fingered trackpad click) will
`
`have the same effect.
`
`The Finder’s Sidebar
`
`The sidebar in the Finder window (Figure 1-8) is divided into four areas:
`
`Devices: This is where any attached file systems will show up. This includes connected
`disk volumes, your iDisk, and any attached network volumes.
`
`Shared: This is where any shared network files or devices will appear, including Back to
`My Mac shares.
`
`Places: By default, this contains a list of your personal directories. You can add or remove
`any files or folders here that you want.
`
`Search For: This area contains some common search parameters and saved Spotlight
`searches. Saved searches in the Finder are similar to smart folders; however, rather than
`the folder showing up in the file system, the saved searches show up only in this part of
`the Finder sidebar.
`
`'I" DEVICES
`~ Snow Wh ite HD
`
`- Stit~h HD = IDisk
`
`Snow Wh ite TM
`
`• PLACES
`11 Deskt