hae
`10,000
`i
`MN
`
`Microsoft
`
`Fully updated with the latest
`7
`technologies, terms, and acronyms
`Easy to read, expertly
`illustrated
`Definitive coverage of hardware,
`software, the Internet, and more!
`
`Micron Ex. 1054,p. 1
`Micron v. Vervain
`
`Computer
`Dictionary
`
`Fifth Editio
`
`IPR2021-01550
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`Micron Ex. 1054, p. 1
`Micron v. Vervain
`IPR2021-01550
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`

`

`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 2002 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary.--5th ed.
`p. cm.
`ISBN 0-7356-1495-4
`1. Computers--Dictionaries. 2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
`
`AQ76.5. M52267
`004'.03--dc21
`
`2002
`
`200219714
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 QWT
`
`7 6 5 4 3 2
`
`Distributed in Canada by H.B. Fenn and Company Ltd.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further informa-
`tion about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft
`Press International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at www.microsoft.com/mspress.
`Send comments to mspinput@microsoft.com.
`
`Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, ActiveStore, ActiveSync, ActiveX, Authenticode,
`BackOffice, BizTalk, ClearType, Direct3D, DirectAnimation, DirectDraw, DirectInput, DirectMusic,
`DirectPlay, DirectShow, DirectSound, DirectX, Entourage, FoxPro, FrontPage, Hotmail, IntelliEye,
`IntelliMouse, IntelliSense, JScript, MapPoint, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, Mobile Explorer, MS-DOS,
`MSN, Music Central, NetMeeting, Outlook, PhotoDraw, PowerPoint, SharePoint, UltimateTV, Visio,
`Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, Visual InterDev, Visual J++, Visual SourceSafe, Visual Studio,
`Win32, Win32s, Windows, Windows Media, Windows NT, Xbox are either registered trademarks or
`trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places,
`and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product,
`domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Alex Blanton
`Project Editor: Sandra Haynes
`
`Body Part No. X08-41929
`
`Micron Ex. 1054, p. 2
`Micron v. Vervain
`IPR2021-01550
`
`

`

`F
`
`firewall sandwich
`
`fixed-width spacing
`
`Usually a combination of hardware and software, a fire-
`wall prevents computers in the organization’s network
`from communicating directly with computers external to
`the network and vice versa. Instead, all communication is
`routed through a proxy server outside of the organization’s
`network, and the proxy server decides whether it is safe to
`let a particular message or file pass through to the organi-
`zation’s network. See also proxy server.
`firewall sandwich n. The use of load-balancing appli-
`ances on both sides of Internetworked firewalls to distrib-
`ute both inbound and outbound traffic among the
`firewalls. The firewall sandwich architecture helps to pre-
`vent firewalls from degrading network performance and
`creating a single point of network failure. See also fire-
`wall, load balancing.
`FireWire n. A high-speed serial bus from Apple that
`implements the IEEE 1394 standard. See also IEEE 1394.
`firmware n. Software routines stored in read-only mem-
`ory (ROM). Unlike random access memory (RAM), read-
`only memory stays intact even in the absence of electrical
`power. Startup routines and low-level input/output instruc-
`tions are stored in firmware. It falls between software and
`hardware in terms of ease of modification. See also RAM,
`ROM.
`FIR port n. Short for fast infrared port. A wireless I/O
`port, most common on a portable computer, that
`exchanges data with an external device using infrared
`light. See also infrared, input/output port.
`FIRST n. Acronym for Forum of Incident Response and
`Security Teams. An organization within the Internet Soci-
`ety (ISOC) that coordinates with CERT in order to encour-
`age information sharing and a unified response to security
`threats. See also CERT, Internet Society.
`first-generation computer n. See computer.
`first in, first out n. A method of processing a queue, in
`which items are removed in the same order in which they
`were added—the first in is the first out. Such an order is
`typical of a list of documents waiting to be printed. Acro-
`nym: FIFO. See also queue. Compare last in, first out.
`first normal n. See normal form (definition 1).
`fishbowl n. A secure area within a computer system in
`which intruders can be contained and monitored. A fish-
`bowl is typically set up by a security administrator to
`impersonate important applications or information so that
`
`the system administrator can learn more about hackers
`who have broken into the network without the hacker
`learning more about or damaging the system. See also
`honeypot.
`fitting n. The calculation of a curve or other line that most
`closely approximates a set of data points or measurements.
`See also regression analysis.
`five-nines availability n. The availability of a system
`99.999 percent of the time. See also high availability.
`FIX n. Acronym for Federal Internet Exchange. A con-
`nection point between the U.S. government’s various
`internets and the Internet. There are two Federal Internet
`Exchanges: FIX West, in Mountain View, California; and
`FIX East, in College Park, Maryland. Together, they link
`the backbones of MILNET, ESnet (the TCP/IP network of
`the Department of Energy), and NSInet (NASA Sciences
`Internet) with NSFnet. See also backbone (definition 1),
`MILNET, NSFnet, TCP/IP.
`fixed disk n. See hard disk.
`fixed-length field n. In a record or in data storage, a field
`whose size in bytes is predetermined and constant. A
`fixed-length field always takes up the same amount of
`space on a disk, even when the amount of data stored in
`the field is small. Compare variable-length field.
`fixed-pitch spacing n. See monospacing.
`fixed-point arithmetic n. Arithmetic performed on
`fixed-point numbers. See also fixed-point notation.
`fixed-point notation n. A numeric format in which the
`decimal point has a specified position. Fixed-point numbers
`are a compromise between integral formats, which are com-
`pact and efficient, and floating-point numeric formats, which
`have a great range of values. Like floating-point numbers,
`fixed-point numbers can have a fractional part, but operations
`on fixed-point numbers usually take less time than floating-
`point operations. See also floating-point notation, integer.
`fixed space n. A set amount of horizontal space used to
`separate characters in text—often, the width of a numeral
`in a given font. See also em space, en space, thin space.
`fixed spacing n. See monospacing.
`fixed storage n. Any nonremovable storage, such as a
`large disk that is sealed permanently in its drive.
`fixed-width font n. See monospace font.
`fixed-width spacing n. See monospacing.
`
`215
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`Micron Ex. 1054, p. 3
`Micron v. Vervain
`IPR2021-01550
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