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`US 20030009518A1
`
`as) United States
`a2) Patent Application Publication 0) Pub. No.: US 2003/0009518 Al
`Harrowetal. Jan. 9, 2003 (43) Pub. Date:
`
`
`
`(54) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR
`PEER-TO-PEER SERVICES
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Mar.8, 2002
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors:
`
`Ivan P. Harrow, Navan (IE); David O.
`Fleming, Killarney (IE); Frank X.
`Daly, Killiney (IE); Dermot E. Honan,
`Leixlip (E); Martin G. Curley,
`Maynooth (IE)
`
`Correspondence Address:
`BLAKELY SOKOLOFF TAYLOR & ZAFMAN
`12400 WILSHIRE BOULEVARD, SEVENTH
`FLOOR
`LOS ANGELES, CA 90025 (US)
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/303,706,filed on Jul.
`6, 2001.
`
`Publication Classification
`
`Tint. C07 eeeeecceceeeeeceesnteeeeeeeneeseenneeees GO6F 15/16
`(SV)
`(52) US. Che eee cecseesssnesenessnesenessnessesessnes 709/203
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`(73) Assignee:
`
`Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`
`10/095,323
`
`Amethod and apparatus for peer-to-peer services have been
`described.
`
`WebServer
`
`
`422
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`internet
`
`
`418
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`416
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`Directory Server
`402
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`Client A
`404-A
`
`Client D
`
`Client B
`404-D
`
`Client P
`
`404-P
`
`404-B
`
`Client C
`
`404-C
`
`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 1 of 36
`
`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 1 of 36
`
`

`

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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jan. 9, 2003 Sheet 1 of 24
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`Fl G. 1 (Prior Art)
`
`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 2 of 36
`
`

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`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 3 of 36
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`Jan. 9, 2003
`
`Patent Application Publication
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`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 4 of 36
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`Jan. 9, 2003
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Sheet 4 of 24
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`•-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 5 of 36
`
`

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`Application Publication
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`Jan. 9, 2003 Sheet 5 of 24
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`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 6 of 36
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`Jan. 9, 2003
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`
`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 7 of 36
`
`

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`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 8 of 36
`
`

`

`Patent
`Application
`Publication
`Jan. 9, 2003
`Sheet 8
`of 24
`US 2003/0009518 Al
`
`User launches
`SLS from Start
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`y
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`0
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`FIG. 8A
`
`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 9 of 36
`
`

`

`
`
`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 9, 2003 Sheet 9 of 24
`
`
`US 2003/0009518 Al
`
`Update
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`FIG.SB
`
`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 10 of 36
`
`

`

`
`
`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 9, 2003 Sheet 10 of 24
`
`
`US 2003/0009518 Al
`
`Select File
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`y
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`
`FIG. 9A
`
`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 11 of 36
`
`

`

`Patent
`Application
`Publication
`Jan. 9, 2003
`Sheet 11
`of 24 US 2003/0009518 Al
`
`Copy File to local
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`0
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`for file
`
`FIG.98
`
`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 12 of 36
`
`

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`IPR2021-01492
`Page 13 of 36
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`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 14 of 36
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`IPR2021-01492
`Page 15 of 36
`
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`IPR2021-01492
`Page 16 of 36
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`IPR2021-01492
`Page 17 of 36
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 18 of 36
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`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 19 of 36
`
`

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`An>youaHew
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`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 20 of 36
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 9, 2003 Sheet 20 of 24 US 2003/0009518 Al
`
`k 1100
`
`FIG. 11
`
`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 21 of 36
`
`

`

`Patent
`Application
`Publication
`Jan. 9, 2003 Sheet 21 of 24 US 2003/0009518 Al
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`,1c- 1200
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`User requests
`a
`flfe from :a
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`intercepts request
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`FIG.12
`
`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 22 of 36
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jan. 9, 2003 Sheet 22 of 24 US 2003/0009518 Al
`
`k 1300
`
`□-
`
`0
`
`0
`
`Directory Server
`
`Wide Area Newvolk
`
`PC2
`
`0
`
`Handheld PC
`
`FIG.13
`
`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 23 of 36
`
`

`

`
`
`Patent Application Publication
`
`
`
`Jan. 9, 2003 Sheet 23 of 24 US 2003/0009518 Al
`
`k 1400
`
`Client A
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`
`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 24 of 36
`
`

`

`
`
`Jan. 9, 2003
`
`Patent Application Publication
`
`Sheet 24 of 24
`US 2003/0009518 Al
`
`k 1500
`
`Database
`
`Server
`
`Computer
`
`Computer
`
`Computer Computer
`
`FIG. 15
`
`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 25 of 36
`
`

`

`
`
`US 2003/0009518 Al
`
`Jan.9,2003
`
`1
`
`METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PEER-TO-PEER [0016] FIG. 11 illustrates one embodiment of the present
`
`
`
`
`
`invention a for a peer-to-peer proxy;
`SERVICES
`
`RELATED APPLICATION
`
`[0017] FIG. 12 is a flow chart of one embodiment of the
`
`
`
`
`present invention as a peer-to-peer proxy;
`
`
`
`[0001] The present patent application claims priority of
`[0018] FIG. 13 illustrates one embodiment of the present
`
`
`
`
`
`
`U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/303,706 filed Jul.
`
`
`invention where a third party is controlling a file transfer;
`
`
`
`
`6, 2001 titled "Share and Learn Software", which is hereby
`
`
`
`
`incorporated herein by reference.
`
`
`invention for backup storage; and
`
`[0019] FIG. 14 illustrates one embodiment of the present
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0020] FIG. 15 illustrates one embodiment of the present
`
`
`
`invention for router table analysis.
`[0002] The present invention pertains to networks. More
`
`
`
`
`
`particularly, the present invention relates to a method and
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`
`apparatus for peer-to-peer services.
`
`
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`
`
`[0021] A method and apparatus for peer-to-peer services
`
`
`
`are described.
`
`[0022] The present invention by providing a capability
`
`
`
`[0003] Many companies are adopting the use of networks
`
`
`
`
`whereby network traffic may be shifted to another network
`
`
`
`
`for sharing information. The Internet and Intranets are
`
`
`
`may allow more efficient transfer of information, data, etc.
`
`
`examples of such a networks. This information may be
`
`
`
`One such example of shifting network traffic may be shifting
`
`
`
`
`
`shared within a company, university, local group, or to users
`
`
`WAN traffic to LAN peer-to-peer traffic.
`
`around the world, etc.
`
`[0023] Both a WAN such as the Internet and a WAN such
`
`
`
`[0004] As the information shared becomes richer in con­
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`as a corporate Intranet may find this traffic shifting capability
`
`
`tent, such as streaming video, etc., it may place more
`
`
`
`
`to be useful. To better illustrate the present invention,
`
`
`demands on servers, which may lower available bandwidth,
`
`
`
`
`references will be made to an Intranet, however, one of
`
`
`
`
`and slow down access to the information on, for example, a
`
`
`
`ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the present
`
`
`Wide Area Network (WAN), etc. One approach to improving
`
`
`
`invention may be practiced on other networks, such as the
`
`
`
`performance is to "widen the pipe" or bandwidth that the
`Internet.
`WAN may handle. This may be a very expensive approach
`
`
`particularly where peak or spikes in traffic may be a limiting
`
`
`[0024] Intranets and particularly large corporate Intranets
`
`factor. This may present a problem.
`
`
`
`are host to, and are sharing and transferring, much more
`
`
`
`
`information than in the past. The advent of streaming video
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`
`
`is an example of content which may require more instanta­
`
`
`
`neous bandwidth than the network was designed for. Shift­
`
`
`
`[0005] The present invention is illustrated by way of
`
`
`ing WAN traffic to a LAN communication may free up WAN
`
`
`
`
`example and not limitation in the figures of the accompa­
`
`
`
`bandwidth. If a server based content is able to be placed on
`
`
`
`nying drawings, in which like references indicate similar
`
`
`
`a client on a LAN, then another client on the LAN may be
`
`elements and in which:
`
`
`
`
`
`able to access the information through peer-to-peer client
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`[0006] FIG. 1 illustrates a network environment in which interaction. This shifting of WAN server based content to a
`
`
`
`
`
`
`the method and apparatus of the present invention may be LAN client for peer-to-peer transfer allows for file sharing.
`implemented;
`
`
`
`[0025] FIG. 1 illustrates a network environment 100 in
`
`
`
`[0007] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a computer system;
`
`
`
`which the techniques described may be applied. The net­
`
`
`
`work environment 100 has a network 102 that connects S
`[0008] FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of the present
`
`
`
`
`
`servers 104-1 through 104-S, and C clients 108-1 through
`
`
`invention being used for file sharing;
`
`
`108-C. More details are described below.
`[0009] FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of the present
`
`
`[0026] FIG. 2 illustrates a computer system 200 in block
`
`
`
`invention being used as a web proxy service;
`
`
`diagram form, which may be representative of any of the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`[0010] FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of the present clients and/or servers shown in FIG. 1. More details are
`
`
`
`
`
`invention where a third party is controlling the content described below.
`
`
`
`
`transfer between clients across a WAN/LAN;
`
`[0027] FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of the present
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`[0011] FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of the present invention 300 being used for file sharing. Directory Server
`
`
`
`
`
`
`invention being used for distributed backup and storage; 302 maintains a directory of where files are located. Client
`
`
`A 304-A makes a file request 310 to directory server 302.
`[0012] FIG. 7 illustrates one embodiment of the present
`
`
`
`
`
`Directory server 302 looks to see where the file is located by
`
`invention using router table analysis for a network;
`
`
`
`
`referencing a prioritized list of closest clients with the latest
`[0013] FIGS. SA and 8B illustrate one embodiment of
`
`
`
`revision of the file. The directory server 302 communicates
`
`
`
`
`the location of the file 312 to Client A. In this illustration that
`
`
`
`communication 312 conveys to Client A304-A that Client D
`[0014] FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate one embodiment of
`
`304-D has a copy of the file. Client A 304-A then commu­
`
`
`
`
`nicates 314 with Client D 304-D and gets the file located on
`
`
`
`[0015] FIGS. lOA through lOH illustrate possible user
`
`
`
`Client D 304-D. The communication 314 between Client A
`
`
`
`interfaces of the present invention;
`
`
`304-A and Client D 304-D is a peer-to-peer communication.
`
`
`
`SLS launch flow;
`
`
`SLS file flow;
`
`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 26 of 36
`
`

`

`
`
`US 2003/0009518 Al
`
`Jan.9,2003
`
`2
`
`[0028] Thus, rather than ClientA304-Ahaving to retrieve
`
`
`get the file located on Client D 404-D. The communication
`
`
`
`
`
`the file from a server possibly located on a WAN, the
`
`
`
`414 between Client A 404-A and Client D 404-D is a
`
`
`
`
`directory server 302 has communicated to Client A 304-A
`
`peer-to-peer communication.
`
`
`
`that the file may be retrieved from another Client D 304-D.
`[0034] Thus, rather than ClientA404-Ahaving to retrieve
`
`
`
`
`Thus, traffic that may have originally had to occur on a WAN
`
`
`
`the file from a web server 422 connected via 420 to the
`
`
`
`has been shifted to a peer-to-peer transfer, possibly on a
`
`
`
`Internet 418 , and via connection 416 to the directory server
`LAN
`
`
`
`402, Client A 404-A has retrieved the file from Client D
`
`
`
`[0029] Note that since directory server 302 maintains a list
`
`
`404-D. Thus, possible Internet traffic has been redirected
`
`
`
`of files and locations, after Client A304-Ahas a copy of the
`
`
`
`
`resulting in a peer-to-peer transfer, possibly on a LAN. Thus,
`
`
`
`
`file, directory server 302 will have this information also.
`
`
`
`
`
`"local" storage of the file, plus the redirection allowing
`
`
`
`
`
`Now, for example, if Client B 304-B requests from directory
`
`
`
`
`access to the local copy of the file, serves the function of a
`
`
`
`
`server 302 a copy of the file, the directory server 302 would
`proxy.
`
`
`know that Client A 304-A and Client D 304-D both have
`[0035] Note that since directory server 402 maintains a list
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`copies. Directory server 302 may then inform Client B
`
`
`
`of files and locations, after Client A 404-A has a copy of the
`
`
`304-B that Client A 304-A is the nearest client that has a
`
`
`
`file, directory server 402 will have this information also.
`
`
`
`
`copy. Client B 304-B may then effect a peer-to-peer transfer
`
`
`
`Now, for example, if Client B 404-B requests the same file
`
`
`
`with Client A 304-A. After this transfer, directory sever 302
`
`
`
`
`
`while, for example, web browsing, the directory server 402
`
`
`would then know that Clients A 304-A, Client B 304-B, and
`
`
`would know that Client A 404-A and Client D 404-D both
`
`
`Client D 304-D have a copy of the file.
`
`
`
`
`
`have copies. Directory server 402 may then inform Client B
`
`
`
`[0030] One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that
`
`404-B that Client A 404-A is the nearest client that has a
`
`
`
`the file sharing approach may "propagate" files across
`
`
`
`copy. Client B 304-B may then affect a peer-to-peer transfer
`
`
`
`
`networks. This propagation will allow directory server 302
`
`
`
`with Client A 404-A. After this transfer, directory sever 402
`
`
`
`
`to communicate to any requesting client the closest client
`
`
`would then know that Clients A404-A, Client B 404-B, and
`
`
`
`
`having a file for a transfer. When the clients are located on
`
`
`Client D 404-D have a copy of the file.
`
`
`
`
`the same local network then a LAN peer-to-peer transfer will
`[0036] One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that
`
`
`
`
`
`
`be possible. LAN transfers are generally faster than WAN to
`
`
`
`this file sharing approach may "propagate" web files across
`
`
`
`LAN transfers because of fewer intervening routers,
`
`
`
`
`networks. Web sites have information that changes on a
`
`
`
`switches, proxies, firewalls, etc.
`
`
`
`
`regular basis. As was detailed previously, the directory
`[0031] If there is no local client that has the file requested,
`
`
`
`
`
`server 402 maintains where the latest files are located. Thus,
`
`
`
`
`
`then the directory server 302 may direct the client to get the
`
`
`for example, assume it is time X, in FIG. 4 , where Client A
`
`
`
`
`file from a client on a WAN and/or a file server. For example,
`
`
`
`404-A has retrieved a copy of the file from Client D 404-D.
`
`
`Client D 304-D may have originally placed a file request
`
`
`Assume next that at time X+lO minutes, Client B 404-B
`
`
`
`with the directory server 302 and been informed that there
`
`
`
`
`requests the same file. If directory server 402 is aware of a
`
`
`was no copy of the file on a local client. Client D 304-D may
`
`
`
`
`
`more recent copy of the file, it will direct Client B 404-B to
`
`
`have had to obtain a copy of the file, for example, over the
`
`
`
`retrieve the file from that location. This will also be the
`
`
`
`Internet from some remote server. Once Client D 304-D has
`
`
`
`situation, where, for example, Client A 404-A has a local
`
`
`
`a copy of the file, directory server 302 knows this and so as
`
`
`copy of the file at time X, but at time X+ 10 minutes requests
`
`
`
`explained above, if Client A 304-A then requests the file
`
`
`
`
`the file again. If the most recent copy is on Client A 404-A
`
`
`
`directory server 302 can inform Client A 304-A that Client
`
`
`
`
`
`then the directory server 402 will direct Client A 404-A to
`D 304-D has a copy.
`
`
`
`
`Client A 404-A. If the most recent copy is on another client,
`
`
`
`
`say for example, Client C 404-C, then the directory server
`
`
`
`
`[0032] As discussed above, the capability for shifting of
`
`
`
`
`402 will direct Client A 404-A to Client 404-C for the copy.
`
`
`WAN server based content to a LAN client for peer-to-peer
`
`
`
`
`The directory server 402 will direct Client A 404-A to the
`
`
`
`
`
`transfer allows for file sharing. One of ordinary skill in the
`
`
`web for a copy if there is no copy available on the local
`
`
`
`
`art will appreciate that by practicing the present invention in
`
`
`
`
`network 415. If the most recent copy is on the web, then the
`
`
`such an environment, a client based proxy service used to
`
`
`
`
`
`directory server 402 may direct Client A 404-A to the web
`
`
`
`
`redirect data transfers from the network in a peer-to-peer
`for a copy.
`
`
`
`environment may be achieved. That is, by redirecting, for
`
`
`
`
`example, Internet web requests to a more local network copy
`[0037] The directory server 402 may also have an expi­
`
`
`
`
`
`of the file, a web proxy service may be effected with the
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`ration timeout feature. That is, after say 10 minutes, the
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`present invention.
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`directory server 402 may direct a client to retrieve a copy of
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`the file from the web server 422. In this way web content on
`[0033] FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of the present
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`a local network would be updated after being on the local
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`invention 400 being used as a web proxy service. Directory
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`network for more than 10 minutes. This timeout feature may
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`Server 402 maintains a directory of where web files are
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`be tailored to the web content. For example, a website
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`located on a local network 415. Client A 404-A makes a file
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`dealing with word definitions may not need to be updated as
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`request 410 (via, for example, surfing the web) to directory
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`frequently as a website having current news events.
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`server 402 . Directory server 402 looks to see where the file
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`may be located on the local network 415 by referencing a
`[0038] As discussed above, the capability for shifting of
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`prioritized list of closest clients with the latest version of the
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`WAN server based content to a LAN client for peer-to-peer
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`file. The directory server 402 communicates 412 the location
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`transfer allows for file sharing. The clients discussed above
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`of the file to Client A 404-A. In this illustration that
`were assumed, for convenience of discussion, to be con­
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`communication 412 conveys to Client A 404-A that Client D
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`nected to the network for most of the time. This may not be
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`404-D has a copy of the file and redirects Client A 404-A to
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`the case. For example, portable computers, PDAs, etc. may
`
`Exhibit 1129
`Code 200, UAB, et al. v. Bright Data
`IPR2021-01492
`Page 27 of 36
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`

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`US 2003/0009518 Al
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`Jan.9,2003
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`3
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`Client P 504-P. These updated files would then be available
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`be connected and disconnected as needed. One example may
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`via directory server 502 knowing they were on Client P
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`be a sales office, where the outside sales people only connect
`504-P.
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`to the network when they are in the office. Portable com­
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`puters may not be connected to the network long enough to
`[0042] In another embodiment, when Client P 504-P
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`download a large file, such as a video presentation. This may
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`returns with updated files, the directory server 502 and/or the
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`be due to a time constraint or a bandwidth constraint.
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`Client P 504-P may direct that a local copy of the updated
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`However, if the user of the portable computer could affect a
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`files be made on a non-portable computer. In this embodi­
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`LAN peer-to-peer transfer of the information, the bandwidth
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`ment then, the third party control may effect a transfer of
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`may be higher than from, for example, a server on the WAN.
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`files so that when the portable client is disconnected from the
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`By allowing the user of the portable to select what infor­
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`network a local copy is available to the rest of the network.
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`mation needs to be downloaded and having that information
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`The directory server 502 and/or the Client P 504-P may also
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`directed to a nearby client on the LAN, then the next time
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`direct that a copy of the updated files be sent to a central
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`the user connects to the network, a LAN peer-to-peer
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`and/or web server. Thus, third party control of transfers is to
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`transfer may be possible. Thus, the portable computer user,
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`and from any source and/or destination. The ability for a
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`in effect, is a third party controlling the WAN to LAN
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`portable client, such as Client P 504-P to send files to another
`transfer.
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`client serves as a backup of those files.
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`[0043] New and updated files are not limited to a portable
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`[0039] FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of the present
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`client, such as Client P 504-P. Other clients, such as desktop
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`invention 500 where a third party is controlling the WAN to
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`clients, with new files or updated files may also use the
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`LAN transfer. Here, Client P 504-P represents a portable
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`techniques discussed above. Thus, in one embodiment of the
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`client such as a portable computer or PDA. Client P 504-P
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`present invention clients may use the network services for
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`may need a file from File Server 522. A request 510 to
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`distributed backup and storage. Clients are not the only
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`directory server 502 may indicate that there is no local copy
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`source of content and In yet another embodiment, files from
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`on Client A, B, C, D, or P (504-A through P, respectively).
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`all sources, clients, servers, etc., may make use of the
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`At this point Client