`
`F O U R T H
`
`E D I T I O N
`
`JAMES W. NILSSON
`PROFESSOR EMERITUS
`IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY
`
`WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM
`
`SUSAN A. RIEDEL
`MARQUETTE U N IV E R S IT Y
`DAVID P. SHATTUCK
`U N IV E R S IT Y OF HOUSTON
`NORMAN WITTELS
`WORCESTER PO LYTEC H N IC
`
`IN S T IT U T E
`
`ADDISO N-W ESLEY PU B L IS H IN G COMPANY
`
`Reading, Massachusetts • Menlo Park, California
`New York • Don Mills, Ontario • Wokingham, England
`Amsterdam ■ Bonn * Sydney • Singapore
`Tokyo • Madrid • San Juan • Milan • Paris
`
`MICROCHIP TECHNOLOGY INC. EXHIBIT 1013
`Page 1 of 3
`
`
`
`To ANNA
`
`This book is in the
`Addison-Wesley Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering
`
`Senior Sponsoring Editor, Eileen Bernadette Moran
`Production Supervisor, David Dwyer
`Production Coordinator, Genevra Hanke
`Copy Editor, Jerrold A. Moore
`Text Designer, Sally Bindari, Designworks, Inc.
`Illustrators, Capricorn Design
`Cover Designer, Peter M. Blaiwas
`Senior Manufacturing Manager, Roy Logan
`Compositor, Interactive Composition Corporation
`Art Coordinator, Amanda G. Lewis, Designworks, Inc.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Nilsson, James William.
`Electric circuits I James W. Nilsson with contributions by Susan
`. . .
`[et al.] — 4th ed.
`A. Riedel
`cm.
`p.
`ISBN 0-201-54987-5
`1. Electric circuits.
`TK454.N54 1993
`621.319'2—dc20
`
`II. Riedel, Susan A.
`
`II. Title.
`
`92-23491
`CIP
`
`PSpice is a registered trademark of MicroSim Corporation. All other
`MicroSim product names are trademarks of MicroSim Corporation.
`Representations of PSpice/Design Center screens are used by permission of
`and are proprietary to MicroSim Corporation. Copyright 1992 MicroSim
`Corporation.
`
`Copyright © 1993 by Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
`
`All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
`retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
`mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
`permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
`
`1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10—DO— 95949392
`
`MICROCHIP TECHNOLOGY INC. EXHIBIT 1013
`Page 2 of 3
`
`
`
`200
`
`THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
`
`6.6 THE DIFFERENCE-AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT
`
`The output voltage of a difference amplifier is proportional to
`the difference of the two input voltages. We analyze the
`difference-amplifier circuit shown in Fig. 6.14, assuming an
`ideal operational amplifier operating in its linear region. We
`derive the relationship between q, and the two input voltages q,
`and t>b by summing the currents away from the inverting input
`node:
`
`. «1 - tfa
`f l - Va
`— - — + — — + ii = 0.
`Kb
`Because the op amp is ideal, we use the constraints
`i, = i2 = 0
`
`and
`
`(6.10)
`
`(6.19)
`
`FIGURE 6.14 A difference amplifier.
`
`v. = oi =
`
`Kc । Kd
`Combining these constraints with Eq. (6.18) gives the desired
`relationship:
`
`<6 -2 0 ’
`
`(6.21)
`
`_ Rd (Ra + /?b)
`_ Rb
`v ° “ Ra(Rc + Rd)Vb "
`Equation (6.21) shows that the output voltage is proportional
`to the difference between a scaled replica of u and a scaled
`replica of
`In general, the scaling factor applied to t>b is not the
`same as the scaling factor applied to t>a. However, the scaling
`factor applied to each input voltage can be made equal by setting
`Ra _ Rc
`Rb " 7?d‘
`When the ratios given in Eq. (6.22) are equal, the expression for
`the output voltage reduces to
`U> = ^ ( « b - u 0 .
`Ka
`Equation (6.23) indicates that the output voltage can be made a
`scaled replica of the difference between the input voltages ub
`and Da.
`As in the previous ideal-amplifier circuits, the scaling is con
`trolled by the external resistors. Furthermore, the relationship
`between the output voltage and the input voltages is not affected
`by connecting a nonzero load resistance across the output of the
`amplifier.
`
`(6.22)
`
`(6.23)
`
`MICROCHIP TECHNOLOGY INC. EXHIBIT 1013
`Page 3 of 3
`
`
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