10 MHz, Four-Quadrant
`Multiplier/Divider
`AD734
`
`FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
`
`AD734
`
`XIF
`
`X = X1 – X2
`
`HIGH ACCURACY
`TRANSLINEAR CORE
`
`DD
`
`DENOMINATOR
`CONTROL
`
`U
`
`XZ
`U
`
`+
`
`–
`
`XY ÷ U – Z
`
`WIF
`
`W
`
`AO
`
`∞
`
`
`
`00827-003
`
`Z1
`Z2
`
`Y = Y1 – Y2
`
`Z = Z1 – Z2
`
`ZIF
`
`Figure 1.
`
`ER
`
`RU
`
`YIF
`
`X1
`X2
`
`U0
`U1
`
`U2
`Y1
`
`Y2
`
`
`
`10 MHz to a gain of 20 dB, 2 MHz at a gain of 40 dB, and 200 kHz
`at a gain of 60 dB, for a gain-bandwidth product of 200 MHz.
`The advanced performance of the AD734 is achieved by a
`combination of new circuit techniques, the use of a high speed
`complementary bipolar process, and a novel approach to laser
`trimming based on ac signals rather than the customary dc
`methods. The wide bandwidth (>40 MHz) of the AD734’s input
`stages and the 200 MHz gain-bandwidth product of the multiplier
`core allow the AD734 to be used as a low distortion demodulator
`with input frequencies as high as 40 MHz as long as the desired
`output frequency is less than 10 MHz.
`The AD734AQ and AD734BQ are specified for the industrial
`temperature range of −40°C to +85°C and come in a 14-lead
`CERDIP and a 14-lead PDIP package. The AD734SQ/883B,
`available processed to MIL-STD-883B for the military range of
`−55°C to +125°C, is available in a 14-lead CERDIP.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`FEATURES
`High accuracy
`0.1% typical error
`High speed
`10 MHz full power bandwidth
`450 V/μs slew rate
`200 ns settling to 0.1% at full power
`Low distortion
`−80 dBc from any input
`Third-order IMD typically −75 dBc at 10 MHz
`Low noise
`94 dB SNR, 10 Hz to 20 kHz
`70 dB SNR, 10 Hz to 10 MHz
`Direct division mode
`2 MHz BW at gain of 100
`APPLICATIONS
`High performance replacement for AD534
`Multiply, divide, square, square root
`Modulators, demodulators
`Wideband gain control, rms-to-dc conversion
`Voltage-controlled amplifiers, oscillators, and filters
`Demodulator with 40 MHz input bandwidth
`GENERAL DESCRIPTION
`The AD734 is an accurate high speed, four-quadrant analog
`multiplier that is pin compatible with the industry-standard
`AD534 and provides the transfer function W = XY/U. The
`AD734 provides a low impedance voltage output with a full
`power (20 V p-p) bandwidth of 10 MHz. Total static error
`(scaling, offsets, and nonlinearities combined) is 0.1% of full
`scale. Distortion is typically less than −80 dBc and guaranteed.
`The low capacitance X, Y, and Z inputs are fully differential.
`In most applications, no external components are required to
`define the function.
`The internal scaling (denominator) voltage, U, is 10 V, derived
`from a buried-Zener voltage reference. A new feature provides
`the option of substituting an external denominator voltage,
`allowing the use of the AD734 as a two-quadrant divider with a
`1000:1 denominator range and a signal bandwidth that remains
`
`Rev. E
`Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no
`responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other
`rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
`license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
`Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
`www.analog.com
`Tel: 781.329.4700
`Fax: 781.461.3113
`©2011 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
`
`ADVANCED ENERGY INDUSTRIES INC.
`Exhibit 1018
`
`

`

`
`
`Functional Description.................................................................. 10 
`Available Transfer Functions .................................................... 10 
`Direct Denominator Control.................................................... 11 
`Operation as a Multiplier .......................................................... 12 
`Operation as a Divider............................................................... 14 
`Division by Direct Denominator Control............................... 14 
`A Precision AGC Loop .............................................................. 15 
`Wideband RMS-to-DC Converter Using U Interface........... 16 
`Low Distortion Mixer................................................................ 17 
`Outline Dimensions....................................................................... 18 
`Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 19 
`
`AD734
`
`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`Features .............................................................................................. 1 
`Applications....................................................................................... 1 
`Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 
`General Description ......................................................................... 1 
`Revision History ............................................................................... 2 
`Specifications..................................................................................... 3 
`Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 5 
`Thermal Resistance ...................................................................... 5 
`ESD Caution.................................................................................. 5 
`Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions............................. 6 
`Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 7 
`
`REVISION HISTORY
`2/11—Rev. D to Rev. E
`Changes to Figure 4, Figure 5, and Figure 6.................................. 7
`Changes to Figure 22 and Figure 23............................................. 12
`Changes to Figure 27 and Figure 28............................................. 14
`Changes to Figure 36...................................................................... 17
`
`1/11—Rev. C to Rev. D
`Updated Format..................................................................Universal
`Changes to Figure 1 and General Description Section ............... 1
`Deleted Product Highlights Section............................................... 1
`Change to Endnote 3........................................................................ 4
`Changes to Table 2 and Table 3....................................................... 5
`Added Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions Section.. 6
`Added Figure 3; Renumbered Sequentially .................................. 6
`Added Table 4; Renumbered Sequentially .................................... 6
`Changes to Functional Description Section ............................... 10
`Changes to Figure 36...................................................................... 17
`Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 19
`Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 19
`
`
`
`Rev. E | Page 2 of 20
`
`ADVANCED ENERGY INDUSTRIES INC.
`Exhibit 1018
`
`

`

`
`
`AD734
`
`
`
`SPECIFICATIONS
`TA = +25°C, +VS = VP = +15 V, −VS = VN = −15 V, RL ≥ 2 kΩ, unless otherwise noted.
`(
`)(
`)
`X
`YX
`−
`(
`)
`2
`1
`Z
`U
`U
`−
`⎪⎭
`
`
`
`⎪⎬⎫
`
`−
`
`−
`
`Z
`
`2
`
`1
`
`−
`
`Y
`
`2
`
`1
`
`2
`
`1
`
`⎪⎨⎧
`
`⎪⎩
`
`Generalized transfer function:
`
`AW O
`=
`
`Table 1.
`
`Parameter
`MULTIPLIER PERFORMANCE
`Transfer Function
`
`
`Conditions
`
`
`
`Min
`
`
`
`Total Static Error 1
`Over TMIN to TMAX
`vs. Temperature
`vs. Either Supply
`Peak Nonlinearity
`
`
`
`THD 2
`
`
`
`
`
`Feedthrough
`
`
`
`Noise (RTO)
`Spectral Density
`Total Output Noise
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`A
`Typ
`
`W =
`XY/10
`0.1
`
`0.004
`0.01
`0.05
`
`0.4
`1
`
`0.05
`
`
`0.025
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`−85
`
`−85
`
`−58
`
`−55
`−60
`
`−57
`−60
`
`−66
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Max Min
`
`
`
`
`
`Max Min
`
`
`
`
`
`B
`Typ
`
`W =
`XY/10
`0.1
`
`0.003
`0.01
`0.05
`
`0.25
`0.6
`
`0.05
`
`
`0.025
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`−85
`
`−85
`
`−66
`
`−63
`−80
`
`−74
`−70
`
`−76
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`S
`Typ
`
`W =
`XY/10
`0.1
`
`0.004
`0.01
`0.05
`
`
`Unit
`
`
`
`Max
`
`
`
`%
`0.4
`1.25 %
`
`%/°C
`0.05
`%/V
`
`%
`
`0.025
`
`
`
`%
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`–85
`
`−58
`
`dBc
`
`−55
`−60
`
`−57
`–60
`
`dBc
`dBc
`
`dBc
`dBc
`
`−85
`
`−66
`
`dBc
`
`
`μV/√Hz
`dBc
`dBc
`
`
`−10 V ≤ X, Y ≤ 10 V
`
`TMIN to TMAX
`±VS = 14 V to 16 V
`−10 V ≤ X ≤ +10 V,
`Y = +10 V
`−10 V ≤ Y ≤ +10 V,
`X = +10 V
`X = 7 V rms, Y =
`+10 V, f ≤ 5 kHz
`TMIN to TMAX
`Y = 7 V rms, X =
`+10 V, f ≤ 5 kHz
`TMIN to TMAX
`X = 7 V rms, Y =
`nulled, f ≤ 5 kHz
`Y = 7 V rms, X =
`nulled, f ≤ 5 kHz
`X = Y = 0 V
`100 Hz to 1 MHz
`10 Hz to 20 kHz
`TMIN to TMAX
`
`
`
`
`Y = 10 V, U = 100 mV
`to 10 V
`Y ≤ 10 V
`
`TMIN to TMAX
`U = 1 V to 10 V step,
`X = 1 V
`
`
`
`Differential or
`common mode
`
`TMIN to TMAX
`
`TMIN to TMAX
`
`TMIN to TMAX
`f ≤ 1 kHz
`
`TMIN to TMAX
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`54
`
`50
`
`
`DIVIDER PERFORMANCE
`(Y = 10 V)
`Transfer Function
`
`Gain Error
`
`X Input Clipping Level
`U Input Scaling Error 3
`
`
`
`Output to 1%
`
`INPUT INTERFACES
`(X, Y, AND Z)
`3 dB Bandwidth
`Operating Range
`
`X Input Offset Voltage
`
`Y Input Offset Voltage
`
`Z Input Offset Voltage
`
`Z Input PSRR (Either
`Supply)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1.0
`−94
`
`
`
`W =
`XY/U
`1
`
`
`
`−88
`−85
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1.25 × U
`
`
`100
`
`
`0.3
`0.8
`
`
`
`
`40
`±12.5
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`70
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`15
`25
`10
`12
`20
`50
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`66
`
`56
`
`Rev. E | Page 3 of 20
`
`
`1.0
`−94
`
`
`
`W =
`XY/U
`
`
`
`
`−88
`−85
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1.25 × U
`
`
`100
`
`
`0.15
`0.65
`
`
`
`
`40
`±12.5
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`70
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`5
`15
`5
`6
`10
`50
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`54
`
`50
`
`
`1.0
`−94
`
`
`
`W =
`XY/U
`
`
`
`
`−88
`−85
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1.25 × U
`
`
`100
`
`
`0.3
`1
`
`
`
`
`40
`±12.5
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`70
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`15
`25
`10
`12
`20
`90
`
`
`
`
`
`
`%
`
`V
`%
`%
`ns
`
`
`
`MHz
`V
`
`mV
`mV
`mV
`mV
`mV
`mV
`dB
`
`dB
`
`ADVANCED ENERGY INDUSTRIES INC.
`Exhibit 1018
`
`

`

`
`
`AD734
`
`
`
`Parameter
`CMRR
`Input Bias Current
`(X, Y, Z Inputs)
`
`
`Input Resistance
`Input Capacitance
`DENOMINATOR INTERFACES
`(U0, U1, AND U2)
`Operating Range
`
`Denominator Range
`Interface Resistor
`OUTPUT AMPLIFIER (W)
`Output Voltage Swing
`Open-Loop Voltage Gain
`Dynamic Response
`
`3 dB Bandwidth
`Slew Rate
`Settling Time
`
`To 1%
`To 0.1%
`Short-Circuit Current
`POWER SUPPLIES, ±VS
`Operating Supply Range
`Quiescent Current
`
`
`Conditions
`f = 5 kHz
`
`
`TMIN to TMAX
`Differential
`Differential
`
`
`
`
`
`U1 to U2
`
`TMIN to TMAX
`X = Y = 0, input to Z
`From X or Y input,
`CLOAD ≤ 20 pF
`W ≤ 7 V rms
`
`+20 V or −20 V
`output step
`
`
`TMIN to TMAX
`
`
`TMIN to TMAX
`
`Min
`70
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`±12
`
`
`
`8
`
`
`
`
`
`20
`
`±8
`6
`
`A
`Typ
`85
`50
`
`
`50
`2
`
`
`VN to
`VP − 3
`1000:1
`28
`
`
`72
`
`
`10
`450
`
`
`125
`200
`50
`
`
`9
`
`Max Min
`
`70
`300
`
`
`400
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`±12
`
`
`
`8
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`20
`80
`
`
`±16.5 ±8
`12
`6
`
`B
`Typ
`85
`50
`
`
`50
`2
`
`
`VN to
`VP − 3
`1000:1
`28
`
`
`72
`
`
`10
`450
`
`
`125
`200
`50
`
`
`9
`
`Max Min
`
`70
`150
`
`
`300
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`±12
`
`
`
`8
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`20
`80
`
`
`±16.5 ±8
`12
`6
`
`S
`Typ
`85
`50
`
`
`50
`2
`
`
`VN to
`VP − 3
`1000:1
`28
`
`
`72
`
`
`10
`450
`
`
`125
`200
`50
`
`
`9
`
`
`Unit
`dB
`nA
`
`nA
`kΩ
`pF
`
`
`V
`
`
`kΩ
`
`V
`dB
`
`
`MHz
`V/μs
`
`
`ns
`ns
`mA
`
`V
`mA
`
`Max
`
`300
`
`500
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`80
`
`±16.5
`12
`
` 1
`
` Figures given are percent of full scale (for example, 0.01% = 1 mV).
`2 dBc refers to decibels relative to the full-scale input (carrier) level of 7 V rms.
`3 See
` for test circuit. Figure 28
`
`
`
`Rev. E | Page 4 of 20
`
`ADVANCED ENERGY INDUSTRIES INC.
`Exhibit 1018
`
`

`

`
`
`AD734
`
`
`
`ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
`Table 2.
`Parameter
`Supply Voltage
`Internal Power Dissipation
`for TJ max = 175°C
`X, Y, and Z Input Voltages
`Output Short-Circuit Duration
`Storage Temperature Range
`Q-14
`N-14
`Operating Temperature Range
`AD734A, AD734B (Industrial)
`AD734S (Military)
`Lead Temperature Range (Soldering, 60 sec)
`Transistor Count
`ESD Rating
`
`
`Rating
`±18 V
`
`500 mW
`VN to VP
`Indefinite
`
`−65°C to +150°C
`−65°C to +150°C
`
`−40°C to +85°C
`−55°C to +125°C
`+300°C
`81
`500 V
`
`Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
`may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
`rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any
`other conditions above those indicated in the operational
`section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
`maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
`device reliability.
`THERMAL RESISTANCE
`θJA is specified for the worst-case conditions, that is, a device
`soldered in a circuit board for surface-mount packages.
`
`Table 3. Thermal Resistance
`Package Type
`14-Lead PDIP (N-14)
`14-Lead CERDIP (Q-14)
`
`ESD CAUTION
`
`θJA
`150
`110
`
`Unit
`°C/W
`°C/W
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`W
`
`12
`
`0.093 (2.3622)
`
`Z1
`
`11
`
`Z2
`
`10
`
`VP
`
`X1
`
`DD
`
`X2
`
`13
`
`14
`
`1
`
`2
`
`9
`
`8
`
`7
`
`6
`
`ER
`
`Y1
`
`VN
`
`Y2
`
`0.122
`(3.0988)
`
`3
`
`4
`
`5
`
`
`
`00827-002
`
`U0
`Figure 2. Chip Dimensions and Bonding Diagram, Dimensions shown in inches and (mm), (Contact factory for latest dimensions)
`Rev. E | Page 5 of 20
`
`U1
`
`U2
`
`ADVANCED ENERGY INDUSTRIES INC.
`Exhibit 1018
`
`

`

`AD734
`
`
`
`PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
`
`
`
`VP
`DD
`
`00827-001
`
`W Z
`
`1
`Z2
`ER
`VN
`
`AD734
`TOP VIEW
`(Not to Scale)
`
`14
`13
`
`12
`
`11
`10
`
`9 8
`
`X1 1
`X2 2
`U0 3
`U1 4
`U2 5
`Y1 6
`Y2 7
`
`
`Figure 3. 14-Lead PDIP and 14-Lead CERDIP
`
`Table 4. Pin Function Descriptions
`Pin No.
`Mnemonic Description
`1
`X1
`X Differential Multiplicand Input.
`2
`X2
`X Differential Multiplicand Input.
`3
`U0
`Denominator Current Source Enable Interface.
`4
`U1
`Denominator Interface—see the Functional Description section.
`5
`U2
`Denominator Interface—see the Functional Description section.
`6
`Y1
`Y Differential Multiplicand Input.
`7
`Y2
`Y Differential Multiplicand Input.
`8
`VN
`Negative Supply.
`9
`ER
`Reference Voltage.
`10
`Z2
`Z Differential Summing Input.
`11
`Z1
`Z Differential Summing Input.
`12
`W
`Output.
`13
`DD
`Denominator Disable.
`14
`VP
`Positive Supply.
`
`
`Rev. E | Page 6 of 20
`
`ADVANCED ENERGY INDUSTRIES INC.
`Exhibit 1018
`
`

`

`AD734
`
`Y INPUT, X = 10V
`
`X INPUT, Y = 10V
`
`COMMON-MODE
`SIGNAL = 7V RMS
`
`
`
`00827-025
`
`10M
`
`10k
`
`100k
`FREQUENCY (Hz)
`Figure 7. CMRR vs. Frequency
`
`1M
`
`VN
`
`VP
`
`100
`
`80
`
`60
`
`40
`
`20
`
`0
`1k
`
`CMRR (dB)
`
`100
`
`80
`
`60
`
`40
`
`PSRR (dB)
`
`
`
`
`
`TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
`
`VS = ±15V
`RLOAD = 2kΩ
`CLOAD = 20pF
`
`
`
`00827-022
`
`2V
`
`0
`SIGNAL AMPLITUDE
`
`0.10
`
`0.08
`
`0.06
`
`0.04
`
`0.02
`
`0
`
`–0.02
`
`–0.04
`
`–0.06
`
`–0.08
`
`DIFFERENTIAL GAIN (dB)
`
`–0.10
`–2V
`
`Figure 4. Differential Gain at 3.58 MHz and RLOAD = 2 kΩ
`
`0.25
`
`0.20
`
`0.15
`
`0.10
`
`0.05
`
`0
`
`–0.05
`
`VS = ±15V
`RLOAD = 2kΩ
`CLOAD = 20pF
`
`
`
`00827-026
`
`10M
`
`
`
`00827-027
`
`10M
`
`10k
`
`100k
`FREQUENCY (Hz)
`Figure 8. PSRR vs. Frequency
`
`1M
`
`INPUT SIGNAL = 7V RMS
`
`Y INPUT, X NULLED
`
`X INPUT, Y NULLED
`
`10k
`
`100k
`FREQUENCY (Hz)
`Figure 9. Feedthrough vs. Frequency
`
`1M
`
`20
`
`0
`1k
`
`0
`
`–40
`
`–60
`
`–80
`
`–100
`
`FEEDTHROUGH (dBc)
`
`1k
`
`
`
`00827-023
`
`2V
`
`
`
`00827-024
`
`10M
`
`Rev. E | Page 7 of 20
`
`–0.10
`
`–0.15
`
`–0.20
`
`–0.25
`–2V
`
`0
`SIGNAL AMPLITUDE
`
`Figure 5. Differential Phase at 3.58 MHz and RLOAD = 2 kΩ
`
`VS = ±15V
`X = 1.4V RMS
`Y = 10V
`RLOAD = 500Ω
`CLOAD = 20pF
`
`0.5
`
`0.4
`
`0.3
`
`0.2
`
`0.1
`
`0
`
`–0.1
`
`–0.2
`
`–0.3
`
`–0.4
`
`–0.5
`100k
`
`1M
`FREQUENCY (Hz)
`Figure 6. Gain Flatness, 300 kHz to 10 MHz, RLOAD = 500 Ω
`
`DIFFERENTIAL PHASE (Degrees)
`
`GAIN FLATNESS
`
`ADVANCED ENERGY INDUSTRIES INC.
`Exhibit 1018
`
`

`

`
`
`00827-031
`
`
`
`00827-032
`
`
`
`VS = ±15V
`X = 1.4V RMS
`Y = 10V
`RLOAD = 500Ω
`CLOAD = 20pF, 47pF, 100pF
`
`INCREASING
`CLOAD
`
`1M
`FREQUENCY (Hz)
`Figure 13. Gain vs. Frequency vs. CLOAD
`
`10M
`
`VS = ±15V
`X = 1.4V RMS
`Y = 10V
`RLOAD = 500Ω
`CLOAD = 20pF, 47pF, 100pF
`
`INCREASING
`CLOAD
`
`5 4 3 2 1 0
`
`–1
`
`–2
`
`–3
`
`–4
`
`AMPLITUTE (dB)
`
`–5
`100k
`
`0
`
`–30
`
`–60
`
`–90
`
`–120
`
`–150
`
`–180
`
`–210
`
`PHASE SHIFT (Degrees)
`
`100k
`
`1M
`FREQUENCY (Hz)
`
`10M
`
`Figure 14. Phase vs. Frequency vs. CLOAD
`
`INCREASING
`CLOAD
`
`
`
`00827-028
`
`10M
`
`
`
`00827-029
`
`10M
`
`TEST INPUT = 1V RMS
`U = 2V
`OTHER INPUT = 2V DC
`
`X INPUT
`
`Y INPUT
`
`AD734
`
`
`
`0
`
`–20
`
`–40
`
`–60
`
`–80
`
`THD (dBc)
`
`1k
`
`10k
`
`100k
`FREQUENCY (Hz)
`
`1M
`
`Figure 10. THD vs. Frequency, U = 2 V
`
`TEST INPUT = 7V RMS
`OTHER INPUT = 10V DC
`RLOAD ≥2kΩ
`
`X INPUT
`
`Y INPUT
`
`10k
`
`100k
`FREQUENCY (Hz)
`Figure 11. THD vs. Frequency, U = 10 V
`
`1M
`
`FREQUENCY = 1MHz
`VP = +15V
`VN = –15V
`RLOAD = 2kΩ
`
`X INPUT. Y = 10V DC
`
`Y INPUT. X = 10V DC
`
`0
`
`–20
`
`–40
`
`–60
`
`–80
`
`1k
`
`THD (dBc)
`
`0
`
`–20
`
`–40
`
`–60
`
`–80
`
`THD (dBc)
`
`
`
`00827-033
`
`50ns
`
`5V
`
`Figure 15. Pulse Response vs. CLOAD,
`CLOAD = 0 pF, 47 pF, 100 pF, 200 pF
`
`00827-030
`
`30dBm
`7V RMS
`
`
`–100
`–10dBm
`70.7mV RMS
`
`10dBm
`707mV RMS
`SIGNAL LEVEL
`Figure 12. THD vs. Signal Level, f = 1 MHz
`
`Rev. E | Page 8 of 20
`
`ADVANCED ENERGY INDUSTRIES INC.
`Exhibit 1018
`
`

`

`AD734
`
`INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE
`DRIFT WILL TYPICALLY BE
`WITHIN SHADED AREA
`
`00827-036
`
`
`
`00827-037
`
`
`
`–15
`–55
`
`–35
`
`–15
`
`5
`
`25
`45
`65
`TEMPERATURE (°C)
`
`85
`
`105
`
`125
`
`Figure 18. VOS Drift, X Input
`
`INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE
`DRIFT WILL TYPICALLY BE
`WITHIN SHADED AREA
`
`60
`
`40
`
`20
`
`0
`
`–20
`
`–40
`
`–60
`
`–55
`
`–35
`
`–15
`
`5
`
`25
`45
`65
`TEMPERATURE (°C)
`
`85
`
`105
`
`125
`
`Figure 19. VOS Drift, Z Input
`
`INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE
`DRIFT WILL TYPICALLY BE
`WITHIN SHADED AREA
`
`8
`
`6
`
`4 2 0
`
`–2
`
`–4
`
`00827-038
`
`
`
`105
`
`125
`
`–6
`–55
`
`–35
`
`–15
`
`5
`
`25
`45
`65
`TEMPERATURE (°C)
`Figure 20. VOS Drift, Y Input
`
`85
`
`20
`
`15
`
`10
`
`5 0
`
`–5
`
`–10
`
`DEVIATION OF INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV)
`
`DEVIATION OF INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV)
`
`DEVIATION OF INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV)
`
`Rev. E | Page 9 of 20
`
`20
`
`15
`
`10
`
`05
`
`–5
`
`–10
`
`–15
`
`–20
`
`8
`
`OUTPUT SWING (V)
`
`0
`
`–10
`
`–20
`
`OUTPUTAMPLITUDE (dB)
`
`
`
`
`
`–30
`10
`
`
`
`00827-034
`
`18
`
`17
`
`9
`
`10
`
`11
`12
`13
`14
`15
`SUPPLY VOLTAGE (±VS)
`Figure 16. Output Swing vs. Supply Voltage
`
`16
`
`
`
`00827-035
`
`100
`
`U = 10V
`
`U = 5V
`
`U = 2V
`
`U = 1V
`
`X1 FREQ =
`Y1 FREQ –1MHz
`(FOR EXAMPLE,
`Y1 – X1 = 1MHz
`FOR ALL CURVES)
`
`20
`
`30
`
`80
`
`90
`
`40
`50
`60
`70
`Y1 FREQUENCY (MHz)
`Figure 17. Output Amplitude vs. Input Frequency, When Used as
`Demodulator
`
`ADVANCED ENERGY INDUSTRIES INC.
`Exhibit 1018
`
`

`

`AD734
`
`
`
`
`
`•
`
`FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
`The AD734 embodies more than two decades of experience in
`the design and manufacture of analog multipliers to provide:
`• A new output amplifier design with more than 20 times the
`slew rate of the AD534 (450 V/μs vs. 20 V/μs) for a full
`power (20 V p-p) bandwidth of 10 MHz.
`• Very low distortion, even at full power, through the use of
`circuit and trimming techniques that virtually eliminate all
`of the spurious nonlinearities found in earlier designs.
`• Direct control of the denominator, resulting in higher
`multiplier accuracy and a gain-bandwidth product at small
`denominator values that is typically 200 times greater than
`that of the AD534 in divider modes.
`• Very clean transient response, achieved through the use of
`a novel input stage design and wideband output amplifier,
`which also ensure that distortion remains low even at high
`frequencies.
`Superior noise performance by careful choice of device
`geometries and operating conditions, which provide a
`guaranteed 88 dB of dynamic range in a 20 kHz bandwidth.
`Figure 3 shows the lead configuration of the 14-lead PDIP and
`CERDIP packages.
`Figure 1 is a simplified block diagram of the AD734. Operation
`is similar to that of the industry-standard AD534, and in many
`applications, these parts are pin compatible. The main functional
`difference is the provision for direct control of the denominator
`voltage, U, explained fully in the Direct Denominator Control
`section. Internal signals are in the form of currents, but the
`function of the AD734 can be understood using voltages
`throughout, as shown in Figure 1.
`The AD734 differential X, Y, and Z inputs are handled by
`wideband interfaces that have low offset, low bias current, and
`low distortion. The AD734 responds to the difference signals
`X = X1 − X2, Y = Y1 − Y2, and Z = Z1 − Z2, and rejects common-
`mode voltages on these inputs. The X, Y, and Z interfaces provide a
`nominal full-scale (FS) voltage of ±10 V, but, due to the special
`design of the input stages, the linear range of the differential
`input can be as large as ±17 V. Also, unlike previous designs, the
`response on these inputs is not clipped abruptly above ±15 V,
`but drops to a slope of one half.
`The bipolar input signals X and Y are multiplied in a translinear
`core of novel design to generate the product XY/U. The denomina-
`tor voltage, U, is internally set to an accurate, temperature-stable
`value of 10 V, derived from a buried-Zener reference. An uncali-
`brated fraction of the denominator voltage U appears between
`the voltage reference pin (ER) and the negative supply pin (VN),
`for use in certain applications where a temperature-compensated
`voltage reference is desirable. The internal denominator, U, can
`be disabled, by connecting the denominator disable Pin 13
`(DD) to the positive supply pin (VP); the denominator can then
`
`where AO is the open-loop gain of the output op amp, typically
`72 dB. When a negative feedback path is provided, the circuit
`forces the quantity inside the brackets essentially to zero,
`resulting in the equation
`(X1 − X2)(Y1 − Y2) = U (Z1 − Z2)
`This is the most useful generalized transfer function for the
`AD734; it expresses a balance between the product XY and the
`product UZ. The absence of the output, W, in this equation only
`reflects the fact that the input to be connected to the op amp
`output is not specified.
`Rev. E | Page 10 of 20
`
`(2)
`
`be replaced by a fixed or variable external voltage ranging from
`10 mV to more than 10 V.
`The high gain output op amp nulls the difference between XY/
`U and an additional signal, Z, to generate the final output, W.
`The actual transfer function can take on several forms, depending
`on the connections used. The AD734 can perform all of the
`functions supported by the AD534, and new functions using
`the direct-division mode provided by the U interface.
`Each input pair (X1 and X2, Y1 and Y2, Z1 and Z2) has a
`differential input resistance of 50 kΩ; this is formed by actual
`resistors (not a small-signal approximation) and is subject to a
`tolerance of ±20%. The common-mode input resistance is
`several megohms and the parasitic capacitance is about 2 pF.
`The bias currents associated with these inputs are nulled by
`laser-trimming, such that when one input of a pair is optionally
`ac-coupled and the other is grounded, the residual offset voltage
`is typically less than 5 mV, which corresponds to a bias current
`of only 100 nA. This low bias current ensures that mismatches
`in the sources’ resistances at a pair of inputs does not cause an
`offset error. These currents remain low over the full temperature
`range and supply voltages.
`The common-mode range of the X, Y, and Z inputs does not
`fully extend to the supply rails. Nevertheless, it is often possible
`to operate the AD734 with one terminal of an input pair con-
`nected to either the positive or negative supply, unlike previous
`multipliers. The common-mode resistance is several megohms.
`The full-scale output of ±10 V can be delivered to a load resistance
`of 1 kΩ (although the specifications apply to the standard multi-
`plier load condition of 2 kΩ). The output amplifier is stable,
`driving capacitive loads of at least 100 pF, when a slight increase
`in bandwidth results from the peaking caused by this capacitance.
`The 450 V/μs slew rate of the AD734 output amplifier ensures
`that the bandwidth of 10 MHz can be maintained up to the full
`output of 20 V p-p. Operation at reduced supply voltages is
`possible, down to ±8 V, with reduced signal levels.
`AVAILABLE TRANSFER FUNCTIONS
`The uncommitted (open-loop) transfer function of the AD734 is
`(
`)(
`)
`X
`YX
`Y
`−
`−
`(
`)
`2
`1
`Z
`U
`
`⎭⎬⎫
`
`2
`
`−
`
`1
`
`−
`
`Z
`
`2
`
`1
`
`⎩⎨⎧
`
`AW
`=
`O
`
`(1)
`
`ADVANCED ENERGY INDUSTRIES INC.
`Exhibit 1018
`
`

`

`AD734
`
`DIRECT DENOMINATOR CONTROL
`A valuable new feature of the AD734 is the provision to replace
`the internal denominator voltage, U, with any value from 10 mV to
`10 V. This can be used
`• To simply alter the multiplier scaling, thus improve accu-
`racy and achieve reduced noise levels when operating with
`small input signals.
`• To implement an accurate two-quadrant divider, with a
`1000:1 gain range and an asymptotic gain-bandwidth
`product of 200 MHz.
`• To achieve certain other special functions, such as
`AGC or rms.
`Figure 21 shows the internal circuitry associated with
`denominator control. Note, first, that the denominator is
`actually proportional to a current, Iu, having a nominal value of
`,
`356 μA for U = 10 V, whereas the primary reference is a voltage
`ve a
`generated by a buried-Zener circuit and laser-trimmed to ha
`V
`very low temperature coefficient. This voltage is nominally 8
`.
`with a tolerance of ±10%
`
`LINK TO
`DISABLE
`
`
`
`00827-004
`
`14
`
`13
`
`VP
`
`DD
`
`9
`
`ER
`
`8
`
`VN
`
`Iu
`
`NOMINALLY
`356µA for
`U = 10V
`+
`
`AD734
`
`Rr
`100kΩ
`
`Qr
`
`TC
`
`NOM
`8V
`
`NEGATIVE SUPPLY
`
`Qu
`
`Qd
`
`Ru
`28kΩ
`
`Rd
`NOM
`22.5kΩ
`
`43
`
`5
`
`U0
`
`U1
`
`U2
`
`Figure 21. Denominator Control Circuitry
`After temperature-correction (block TC), the reference voltage
`is applied to Transistor Qd and trimmed Resistor Rd, which
`generate the required reference current. Transistor Qu and
`Resistor Ru are not involved in setting up the internal denomina-
`tor, and their associated control pins, U0, U1, and U2, are
`normally grounded. The reference voltage is also made
`available, via the 100 kΩ resistor, Rr, at Pin 9 (ER).
`When the control pin, DD (denominator disable), is connected
`to VP, the internal source of Iu is shut off, and the collector
`current of Qu must provide the denominator current. The resistor
`Ru is laser-trimmed such that the multiplier denominator is
`exactly equal to the voltage across it (that is, across Pin U1 and
`Pin U2). Note that this trimming only sets up the correct
`internal ratio; the absolute value of Ru (nominally 28 kΩ) has a
`tolerance of ±20%. Also, the alpha of Qu (typically 0.995), which
`may be seen as a source of scaling error, is canceled by the alpha of
`other transistors in the complete circuit.
`In the simplest scheme (see Figure 22), an externally provided
`control voltage, VG, is applied directly to U0 and U2 and the
`resulting voltage across Ru is therefore reduced by one VBE. For
`example, when VG = 2 V, the actual value of U is about 1.3 V.
`
`
`
`X
`
`1
`
`−
`
`W
`
`=
`
`)
`
`2
`
`
`Most of the functions of the AD734 (including division, unlike
`the AD534 in this respect) are realized with Z1 connected to W.
`Therefore, substituting W in place of Z1 in Equation 2 results in
`an output.
`(
`
`+
`
`Z
`
`2
`
`
`
`(3)
`
`YYX
`)(
`−
`2
`1
`U
`The free input, Z2, can be used to sum another signal to the
`output; in the absence of a product signal, W simply follows the
`voltage at Z2 with the full 10 MHz bandwidth. When not needed
`for summation, Z2 should be connected to the ground
`associated with the load circuit. The allowable polarities can be
`shown in the following shorthand form:
`
` YX)(
`(
`)
`±
`±
`U
`(
`)
`+
`In the recommended direct divider mode, the Y input is set to a
`fixed voltage (typically 10 V) and U is varied directly; it can have
`any value from 10 mV to 10 V. The magnitude of the ratio X/U
`cannot exceed 1.25; for example, the peak X input for U = 1 V is
`±1.25 V. Above this level, clipping occurs at the positive and
`negative extremities of the X input. Alternatively, the AD734
`can be operated using the standard (AD534) divider connections
`(see Figure 27), when the negative feedback path is established
`via the Y2 input. Substituting W for Y2 in Equation 2,
`(
`)
`Z
`Z
`(
`)
`X
`X
`1
`2
`In this case, note that the variable X is now the denominator,
`and the previous restriction (X/U ≤ 1.25) on the magnitude of
`the X input does not apply. However, X must be positive for the
`feedback polarity to be correct. Y1 can be used for summing
`purposes or connected to the load ground if not needed. The
`shorthand form in this case is
`()
`)
`(
`)
`In some cases, feedback can be connected to two of the available
`inputs. This is true for the square-rooting connections (see
`Figure 28), where W is connected to both X1 and Y2. Set X1 =
`W and Y2 = W in Equation 2, and anticipating the possibility of
`again providing a summing input, set X2 = S and Y1 = S, so that,
`in shorthand form,
`
`(
`
`W
`±
`
`)
`
`=
`
`±+
`
`Z
`
`
`
`(4)
`
`(5)
`
`(6)
`
`1
`
`+
`
`Y
`1
`
`
`
`−−
`
`2
`
`UW
`=
`
`Y
`(
`±+
`
`)
`
`
`
`XZ
`+±
`
`(
`
`W
`±
`
`)
`
`U
`(
`+=
`
`(
`
`W
`±
`
`)
`
`=
`
`(
`
`)( ZU
`
`+
`+
`
`)
`
`(
`±+
`
`S
`
`)
`
`
`
`(7)
`
`This is seen more generally to be the geometric-mean function,
`because both U and Z can be variable; operation is restricted to
`one quadrant. Feedback can also be taken to the U interface.
`Full details of the operation in these modes is provided in the
`Wideband RMS-to-DC Converter Using U Interface section.
`
`
`Rev. E | Page 11 of 20
`
`ADVANCED ENERGY INDUSTRIES INC.
`Exhibit 1018
`
`

`

`
`
`AD734
`
`
`This error is not important in some closed-loop applications,
`such as automatic gain control (AGC), but clearly is not acceptable
`where the denominator value must be well-defined. When it is
`required to set up an accurate, fixed value of U, the on-chip
`reference can be used. The transistor Qr is provided to cancel
`the VBE of Qu, and is biased by an external resistor, R2, as shown
`in Figure 23. R1 is chosen to set the desired value of U and
`consists of a fixed and adjustable resistor.
`
`+VS
`~60µA
`
`
`
`00827-005
`
`–VS
`
`+VS
`
`R2
`
`Iu
`
`Qu
`
`Ru
`28kΩ
`
`+
`
`–
`
`VG
`
`NC
`
`U0
`
`U1
`
`U2
`
`3
`
`4
`
`5
`
`AD734
`
`Rr
`100kΩ
`
`Qr
`
`VP
`
`DD
`
`ER
`
`14
`
`13
`
`9
`
`NC
`
`VN
`
`8
`
`Figure 22. Low Accuracy Denominator Control
`
`Iu
`
`Qu
`
`3
`
`4
`
`U0
`
`U1
`
`U2
`
`VP
`
`DD
`
`ER
`
`14
`
`13
`
`9
`
`AD734
`
`Rr
`100kΩ
`
`Qr
`
`in Figure 31, where a fixed numerator of 10 V is generated for a
`divider application. Y2 is tied to VN, but Y1 is 10 V above this;
`therefore, the common-mode voltage at this interface is still 5 V
`above VN, which satisfies the internal biasing requirements (see
`Table 1).
`OPERATION AS A MULTIPLIER
`All of the connection schemes used in this section are essentially
`identical to those used for the AD534, with which the AD734 is
`pin compatible. The only precaution to be noted in this regard
`is that in the AD534, Pin 3, Pin 5, Pin 9, and Pin 13 are not
`internally connected, and Pin 4 has a slightly different purpose.
`In many cases, an AD734 can be directly substituted for an
`AD534 with immediate benefits in static accuracy, distortion,
`feedthrough, and speed. Where Pin 4 was used in an AD534
`application to achieve a reduced denominator voltage, this
`function can now be much more precisely implemented with
`the AD734 using alternative connections (see the Direct
`Denominator Control section).
`Operation from supplies down to ±8 V is possible. The supply
`current is essentially independent of voltage. As is true of all
`high speed circuits, careful power supply decoupling is important
`in maintaining stability under all conditions of use. The decoupling
`capacitors should always be connected to the load ground,
`because the load current circulates in these capacitors at high
`frequencies. Note the use of the special symbol (a triangle with
`the letter L inside it) to denote the load ground (see Figure 24).
`Standard Multiplier Connections
`Figure 24 shows the basic connections for multiplication. The X
`and Y inputs are shown as optionally having their negative nodes
`grounded, but they are fully differential, and in many applications
`the grounded inputs can be reversed (to facilitate interfacing
`with signals of a particular polarity, while achieving some desired
`output polarity) or both can be driven.
`The AD734 has an input resistance of 50 kΩ ± 20% at the X, Y,
`and Z interfaces, which allows ac coupling to be achieved with
`moderately good control of the high-pass (HP) corner frequency;
`a capacitor of 0.1 μF provides a HP corner frequency of 32 Hz.
`When a tighter control of this frequency is needed, or when the
`HP corner is above about 100 kHz, an external resistor should
`be added across the pair of input nodes.
`+15V
`
`1
`
`2
`
`3
`
`4
`
`5
`
`6
`
`7
`
`X2
`
`U0
`
`U1
`
`U2
`
`Y1
`
`Y2
`
`
`
`00827-006
`
`–VS
`
`VN
`
`8
`
`NC
`
`5
`
`R1
`
`Ru
`28kΩ
`
`NOM
`8V
`
`Figure 23. Connections for a Fixed Denominator
`Table 5 shows useful values of the external components for
`setting up nonstandard denominator values.
`
`Table 5. Component Values for Setting Up Nonstandard
`Denominator Values
`R2
`R1 (Variable)
`Denominator
`R1 (Fixed)
`120 kΩ
`20 kΩ
`5 V
`34.8 kΩ
`220 kΩ
`20 kΩ
`3 V
`64.9 kΩ
`300 kΩ
`50 kΩ
`2 V
`86.6 kΩ
`620 kΩ
`100 kΩ
`1 V
`174 kΩ
`The denominator can also be current controlled, by grounding
`Pin 3 (U0) and withdrawing a current of Iu from Pin 4 (U1).
`The nominal scaling relation