USOO7774013B2
`
`(12) United States Patent
`Backes et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`*Aug. 10, 2010
`
`(54) PROGRAM FOR ADJUSTING CHANNEL
`INTERFERENCE BETWEEN ACCESS POINTS
`NAWIRELESS NETWORK
`
`(75) Inventors: Floyd Backes, Sharon, NH (US); Gary
`Vacon, East Falmouth, MA (US); Paul
`Callahan, Carlisle, MA (US); William
`Hawe, Hollis, NH (US); Roger Durand,
`Amherst, NH (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: Autocell Laboratories, Inc., Acton, MA
`(US)
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 68 days.
`
`This patent is Subject to a terminal dis
`claimer.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 10/781,137
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Feb. 18, 2004
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2004/O166846A1
`Aug. 26, 2004
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/472.320, filed on May
`21, 2003, provisional application No. 60/472,239,
`filed on May 21, 2003, provisional application No.
`60/466,448, filed on Apr. 29, 2003, provisional appli
`cation No. 60/449,602, filed on Feb. 24, 2003.
`
`(51) Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`H04B 7/00
`(52) U.S. Cl. ................. 455/522; 455/67.11:455/67.13;
`455/434
`(58) Field of Classification Search ................. 455/522,
`455/446, 447
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
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`(Continued)
`Primary Examiner Temica M Beamer
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Anderson Gorecki &
`Manaras LLP
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`The performance and ease of management of wireless com
`munications environments is improved by a mechanism that
`enables access points (APs) to perform automatic channel
`selection. A wireless network can therefore include multiple
`APs, each of which will automatically choose a channel such
`that channel usage is optimized. Furthermore, APs can per
`form automatic power adjustment so that multiple APs can
`operate on the same channel while minimizing interference
`with each other. Wireless stations are load balanced across
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`APS.
`
`2 Claims, 62 Drawing Sheets
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 1 of 86
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`IPR2021-01376
`
`

`

`US 7,774,013 B2
`Page 2
`
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`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 2 of 86
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`US 7,774,013 B2
`Page 3
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`* cited by examiner
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 3 of 86
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`IPR2021-01376
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 1 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`Fig. 1
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 2 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`Fig. 2
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 3 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`Fig. 3
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 4 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`Fig. 4
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 5 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`weakest
`-Channel
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`( star )
`
`s::::::::::::g Af
`
`b.
`
`Peruse
`Channel
`
`-
`
`Mao
`
`30
`
`32
`
`channel
`salabseé1
`y
`elect
`empty
`ahanels
`Enter
`claiming
`period
`sESs 38
`note
`baseline
`power, AP
`
`34
`
`
`
`N
`
`
`
`
`
`any entry's
`normalized power >
`baseline poweaf
`
`52
`
`ry's normalized
`power > baseline
`power for > 1/2 of
`samples?af gir
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`isten for Beacons and
`DRCP Claim and
`Announcernessages
`
`Add or update entries in
`other APS table for each
`message received
`Sasigassessessesses
`
`
`
`44
`
`48
`
`
`
`Deaconing on
`Selected channel,
`proceed to AP
`
`Fig. 5
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 8 of 86
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 6 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`?
`...
`<list
`
`I
`
`Exaiti::ses:stress
`itziszego.ginot:3:58:
`iss":
`
`O
`1
`
`8.
`
`i
`
`Other APS Table
`
`Fig. 6
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 9 of 86
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 7 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`COOSe
`channel from
`channel in
`
`ressessrseases arease
`
`62
`
`64
`
`66
`
`
`
`
`
`build adjacency vector
`<adjacency count,
`adjacency power totab
`veszssassessessesses;
`
`68
`
`end DRCP Claim
`message including
`adjacency vector :size
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Claim message
`received
`
`adjacency cotr
`= received
`
`power > received
`adjacency total
`
`
`
`as
`
`power = received
`adjacency total
`
`s
`
`
`
`E.
`
`
`
`
`
`82 le ected gang 'S
`
`84
`
`Fig. 7
`
`proceed to AP
`optimization phase
`legessesses: sers,
`
`88
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 10 of 86
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 8 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`(star )
`
`Enter scan
`interval
`E:a::::::::::::::::::::
`
`
`
`eaco
`Announce
`message
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1 OO
`
`102
`
`calculate triplet
`average power, build
`triplet channel map
`
`126
`
`select channel
`with lowest
`Centerpower
`
`record AP-D
`and baseline
`
`128
`
`Preclaim, or Claim
`hessage receigs
`
`six
`
`update Scan table
`
`8x83:38
`
`build channel map:
`each entry contains
`APD of highest avg
`power AP
`
`:::::::se
`
`channel map >
`threshold power
`level?
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 11 of 86
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 9 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Calculate
`adjacency
`Vector Sur
`reassess
`
`enter Claiming
`interval
`argessessessesses:s:zis
`
`46
`
`148
`
`transmit Claim message
`including adjacency vector
`sum on selected channel
`sero
`
`assissCrge
`
`O
`
`Beacon
`Announce,
`Preclaim, or
`Claim message? 3.
`
`update Claim APs
`table
`
`series 56
`
`Fig. 8B
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`evaluate Claim APs
`table
`sax-assiss's 'east-3rizia's
`
`160
`
`Y
`
`empty at
`beginning of
`aiqing integ??
`
`a
`
`all entries
`Received Owerlevel C.
`baseline power --
`
`address> other AP's )
`MAC Addressa?"
`
`Begin beaconing and
`sending Announce
`messages on selected
`channel, proceed to AP
`optimization phase
`F.
`
`
`
`s:
`
`es
`
`164
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 12 of 86
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 10 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`AP ID
`
`Scan Table
`
`Fig. 9
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 11 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`116
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Channel
`D
`2
`3
`
`highestPwr
`AP ID
`AP)
`
`AP2
`
`highestPwrlevel
`dbm
`
`aess
`
`re
`
`Channel Map
`
`Fig. 10
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 14 of 86
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 12 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`Channel
`
`is: Ex.
`
`124
`signal
`strendth
`
`
`
`5 s:32
`
`
`
`Triplet avg
`
`AP ID
`
`91
`
`---
`
`s
`
`as: ig : s:
`
`SE
`
`3
`
`Triplet channel map
`
`Fig.11
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 15 of 86
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 13 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`Claim APS table
`
`Fig. 12
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 16 of 86
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 14 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`Update
`entryAPD)
`
`
`
`
`
`Max AP
`entries?
`
`6.
`
`Create new
`entryAP-ID)
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 17 of 86
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 15 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`AP ID
`
`AP1
`AP2
`
`200
`
`TP Backoff
`
`Aqe 9
`
`DRCP
`1
`o
`max power
`o
`.
`. .
`.
`.
`.
`--T-S-I-T-
`
`2
`3
`
`
`
`ge:Esgresses:
`
`AP KnOWn APS Table
`
`Fig. 14
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 18 of 86
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 16 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`Data receive
`from associated
`STA
`
`
`
`entry exist for
`STAID?
`
`Update STA entry
`STAID(n)
`
`
`
`Add new entry
`STAD(n)
`
`
`
`
`
`224
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Registration
`Request?
`
`Mark STAID(n)
`DRCP
`
`Send Registration
`Acknowledge
`
`
`
`
`
`230
`
`
`
`232
`
`Fig. 15
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 19 of 86
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 17 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`240
`
`DRCP.
`Active
`
`Distance
`
`8X
`power
`
`sta loadf
`actor
`
`power
`Samples
`
`
`
`
`
`ge:38:53E SYSSEY:
`
`APASSOciatedSTA Table
`
`Fig. 16
`
`
`
`Oraz
`ed pow COrrecte .
`a
`dpower
`
`
`
`
`
`1 EEESSEs
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 20 of 86
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 18 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`caseizezai
`
`
`
`AP Power Adjust
`
`Peruse
`KnOWnAPS
`table
`
`ki::::::::::::::::::s
`
`sexga
`
`Max TP Backoff -
`highest TP
`backoff in Known
`APS table
`
`PeruSe AP
`Associated
`STA table
`
`::::::::::::::::
`
`as
`
`260
`
`262
`
`264
`
`
`
`TP Backoff = i
`Max TP Backoff
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`power
`adjustment
`interval up?
`
`STA adjusted
`TP backoffs
`Max TP Backoff
`- value to
`accomodate
`STA
`hest
`
`TP Backoffs
`STA adjusted
`TP
`
`272
`
`Fig. 17
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 21 of 86
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 19 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`280
`
`284
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Avoid Other
`WLANS 2. ge
`
`nCrement AP
`age for each
`AP in
`KnownAPS
`
`
`
`wkazs:s::sec:2::classists:
`
`;:gxia seases:x:32:32:32:3xx ress
`
`292
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 20 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`nownAP highes
`power AP) corrected
`
`
`
`
`
`AP Power adjust
`
`maxTpBackoff=knownAPs highest power
`AP-corrected power - noise floor
`
`risesw-zssars&ssass---as-Karxiassagesagtagswax
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Max TP Backoff = 0
`
`Peruse associated STAs
`table to find farthest STA
`size:Saatarzegsz.:32:3:2:3:22:33
`
`3OO
`
`asSociatedSTASlowest boy
`er STA).corrected power >
`noise floor
`
`298
`
`
`
`
`
`302
`
`306
`
`304
`
`308
`
`
`
`my TP Backoff=
`STATP Backoff
`
`my TP Backoff =
`Max TP Backoff
`severe
`
`312
`
`Adjust transmit
`power down by
`myTP Backoff
`314 seases
`
`
`
`assaggaggersy
`
`Send Hello at
`max power
`
`retressex seater
`
`316
`
`318
`
`Fig. 18B
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 23 of 86
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 21 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Number of
`Samples
`
`Calculated
`Standard Error
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Rounded
`Standard Error
`
`
`
`3 9
`
`38.6
`22.3
`14.6
`9.94
`
`8<dBC1.7
`
`s:
`
`s: (g : Esz
`
`s:
`
`:
`
`3. 3.
`
`3.
`
`-
`
`:
`
`tes :
`
`3: rig:
`
`E. :
`
`: --
`
`Stardard error for 99% confidence on received power values
`averaged over number of samples for standard deviation = 15 dB.
`
`Fig. 19
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 24 of 86
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 22 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Collect Long
`Term Sample
`Size of distance
`
`Collect Short
`Term Sample
`Size of distance
`from STA
`
`Ghort term distancs
`Long Term distance >
`Moving Threshold +
`longtermstderror + shga
`termstderror?
`.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`gasassigsegrees:56:2::s
`
`328
`
`326
`
`328
`
`330
`
`
`
`Term distance C
`longtermstderror +
`
`sorror a
`Resume TP
`Backoff
`statists
`calculations
`Vissez-33:2%as
`assas'
`
`334
`
`AP Power adjust during STA movement
`
`s
`
`Fig. 20
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 25 of 86
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 23 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`AP Auction
`
`Start/Stop
`
`.
`
`340
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Collect Bids from
`STAS
`
`
`
`
`
`New STA entry
`
`received from
`"is this sy
`3:8:
`
`replace bid
`information for
`
`344
`
`360
`
`messages to bid
`entries with highest
`biased delta values
`up to acceptsPer
`gasessee.
`
`362
`accepted STA to
`outstanding
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`numAcceptsOut= i
`#accepts sent
`
`N
`
`
`
`
`
`end of auction
`interva?
`
`
`
`increment current
`bid ages
`
`-
`
`delete entries for E
`age->max bid age
`
`sort list by
`biased distance
`delta value
`
`354
`
`356
`
`358
`
`Fig. 21
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 26 of 86
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 24 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`Start/Stop
`
`sessessessessesseries
`
`if
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`A associatior
`indication
`
`366
`
`af
`Y
`
`Bid pending from
`associating STA26
`
`368
`
`370
`
`372
`
`374
`
`376
`
`delete STA from
`outstanding
`
`numAcceptsOut=
`numAccepts.Out -
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Fig. 22
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 27 of 86
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 25 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`STA initialization
`
`Produce list of
`supported
`channels for each
`
`Scan for beacons E.
`on all channels
`
`Select highest
`signal strength
`AP on highest
`bandwidth band
`- supporte
`ResEstess
`
`Authenticate and
`associate to
`chosen AP
`*Eggs:s:gs:
`
`380
`
`382
`
`384
`
`386
`
`Enable reception
`of DRCPA
`Agents group
`address
`
`:
`
`388
`
`Proceed to
`optimization
`phase
`::creagaragilege
`
`390
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Fig. 23
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 28 of 86
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 26 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`STA Canvassing
`
`
`
`interval up? a
`
`turn on packet
`buffering at AP
`
`CanvaSS a
`channel for
`beacons and
`DRCP announce
`
`Turn off packet
`buffering at AP,
`receive buffered
`packets
`
`Fig. 24
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 29 of 86
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 27 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`STA Canvassing, 802.11
`
`
`
`Scan
`interval up?
`->
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Save Current
`State of Power
`Save Mode
`*:::::::::::: ge:Egge's
`
`set power Save
`mode, increase
`listen time by
`Scan time
`*:::::::::::::::::::::E.
`
`Canvass for
`beacons and
`DRCP announce
`
`s:
`
`Return to Current
`state of power
`Save mode
`x:::::::::::::::::::::
`
`
`
`412
`
`414
`
`416
`
`418
`
`Fig. 25
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 30 of 86
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 28 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`2
`2
`3 ||
`3
`To
`1
`||
`1
`
`32:3:27.2
`
`Egee
`
`
`
`AP D
`
`Channel
`
`d
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`3
`3
`5
`
`3
`3
`| .
`in
`
`-
`
`||
`
`exeges:ses:sates:sagara
`
`
`
`2
`10
`<list
`<list
`3 ||
`7
`<list
`<list
`3
`. . . . . . . . . .
`I list as I
`- I -
`1
`||
`
`STA Known APS Table
`
`Fig. 26
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 31 of 86
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 29 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Beacon
`received??
`
`Entry exist
`for AP-ID?? &
`
`f
`
`&
`
`
`
`
`
`440
`
`Create new
`entryAP-ID)
`
`Fig. 27
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 32 of 86
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 30 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`STA Power Adjustment
`
`556
`
`
`
`My TP Backoff =
`received TP
`
`558
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 33 of 86
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 31 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`assessessesser
`
`in-2S
`
`450
`
`452
`
`456
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Age KnownAPs
`table entries
`
`Delete all entries
`agedd Max Age
`
`Collect
`Long Term Sam
`ple Size distance
`values for Current
`
`sessesseries
`
`distance values for
`Some entries in
`
`a:
`
`
`
`
`
`Calculate biased
`distance for APS
`
`
`
`distance better than
`biased distance to
`
`aff
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`458
`
`re Y
`
`Send DRCP Bid
`to better AP
`
`Fig. 29
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 34 of 86
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 32 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`Start/Stop
`
`-a 32X3 seas sail- a
`
`
`
`ABSknownAPs(n)-distnace -
`knownAPsmyAP).distnace <= Bid Sample Sto
`Error +Long Term StdError? a
`
`
`
`
`
`Corrected distance =
`knownAPsmyAP..distance
`
`Corrected distance =
`knownAPsn).distance
`
`Calculate data rate:
`knownAPn).data rate =
`distance to rate knownAPn).
`mode, knownAPn).corrected
`distance
`
`
`
`
`
`calculate load factor:
`knownAPn).my load factor =
`rate to loadknownAPn), data
`
`
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 35 of 86
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 33 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`Distance in
`Banzais
`0-68
`69-72
`73-76
`77-80
`81-83
`84-85
`
`:y
`
`s t :
`
`:
`
`802.11a, g
`Mb/s
`
`4. 8 Ex-1254 8
`
`802.11b.
`Mb/s
`
`s se
`
`Table
`Distance to Rate Table, 802.11
`
`Fig. 31
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 36 of 86
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 34 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`Data Rate
`O8
`7 2
`
`
`
`5 5
`
`3. SEs : 3:
`
`3. 3: s:
`
`:
`
`:
`
`Table
`
`Rate to Load table for 802.11
`
`Fig. 32
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 37 of 86
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 35 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`Biased Distance Calculation
`
`knownAPs(n)-biased distance =
`knownAPs(n)-corrected distance
`"(knownAPsn).load factor +
`knownAPs(n)-my load factor)/
`knownAPsmyAP).load factor
`
`first "tac:
`
`i-retreas:-referrirrasia:Aerxerterstar,
`
`knownAPs(n).my AP rel biased
`distance =
`knownAPsmyAP)-distance
`knownAPs(myAP)load factor /
`(knownAPsn), load factor +
`knownAPs(n).my load factor
`
`i.
`.
`
`knownAPs(n)-biased distance_delta
`.
`knwonAPs(n)-my-AP-rel biased di.
`stance -
`knownAPsn).biased distance
`
`bestAP = highest positive
`biased distance delta
`assessesse 500
`
`
`
`
`
`Y
`
`
`
`N
`
`N
`
`more than 1 highest
`
`508
`
`
`
`bid previously sent to
`one of the highest APs?
`s
`af
`
`8.
`
`s Y
`
`510
`
`send Bid to AP previously sent to
`assets::settisgarets::sessiest:easeairessess
`
`.
`
`512
`
`Send Bid to AP
`
`.
`
`4:2:22-2esistasisers assassissistigata s
`
`506
`
`6.
`
`stay with current AP
`
`associate with non-DRCPAP
`
`Essassiersaries researrestrees
`
`sesses
`
`s
`
`assissisterestesses
`
`498
`
`Fig. 33A
`
`504
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 38 of 86
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. v. Intellectual Ventures II LLC
`IPR2021-01376
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 36 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`ORCP Accep
`received for
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`514
`
`Naf
`Y
`
`STATP backoff = }
`O
`
`516
`
`:::::::::sites:
`
`
`
`Associate with AP
`
`58
`
`
`
`Send DRCP
`Registration
`Request
`::::::::g:
`
`start registration
`
`Fig. 33B
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 39 of 86
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. v. Intellectual Ventures II LLC
`IPR2021-01376
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 37 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`STA movement detection
`
`Collect Long
`Term Sample
`Size of distance
`
`Collect Short
`Term Sample
`Size of distance
`from current AP
`presigg::::::iteries:
`
`542
`
`
`
`
`
`i.
`
`moving = true
`
`::::::::::::::::::::::::::: g
`
`stop bidding
`process
`
`Short term distance
`Long Term distance <
`(longTermstdError +
`hort TermStdError
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Long Term distance >
`(movingThreshold +
`longTermstdError +
`
`N
`
`546
`
`f
`
`4.
`54
`
`ro
`5:::::::::::::: 547
`
`548
`
`550
`
`moving = false
`
`::::::::::::::::::::::::3:
`
`552
`
`
`
`restart bidding
`process
`
`554.
`
`Fig. 34
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 40 of 86
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. v. Intellectual Ventures II LLC
`IPR2021-01376
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 38 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`
`
`DRCP MESSAGES
`
`14
`
`AP platform
`independent
`
`AP platform
`dependent
`
`AP platform
`independent
`module
`
`AP platform
`dependent
`module
`
`STA platform
`independent
`module
`
`STA platform
`dependent
`
`564
`
`Wireless protocol messages
`
`Fig. 35
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 41 of 86
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. v. Intellectual Ventures II LLC
`IPR2021-01376
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 39 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`802.11 AP DRCP Architecture
`
`
`
`MA-UNITDATA
`
`(..request or indication)
`
`MLME ACTION
`(..request or .Confirm)
`
`O
`
`BSS
`
`Components of ARM 482
`
`Fig. 36
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1014, Page 42 of 86
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. v. Intellectual Ventures II LLC
`IPR2021-01376
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 10, 2010
`
`Sheet 40 of 62
`
`US 7,774,013 B2
`
`802.11 STADRCP Architecture
`