USOO872.5132B1
`
`(12) United States Patent
`Backes et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`May 13, 2014
`
`(54) PROGRAM FOR ADJUSTING CHANNEL
`INTERFERENCE BETWEEN ACCESS POINTS
`NAWIRELESS NETWORK
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`(75) Inventors: Floyd Backes, Sharon, NH (US); Gary
`Vacon, East Falmouth, MA (US); Paul
`Callahan, Carlisle, MA (US); William
`Hawe, Hollis, NH (US); Roger Durand,
`Amherst, NH (US)
`(73) Assignee: Piccata Fund Limited Liability
`Company, Wilmington, DE (US)
`
`(*)
`
`Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21)
`(22)
`
`(63)
`
`(60)
`
`(51)
`
`(52)
`
`(58)
`
`Appl. No.: 12/6S2,146
`
`Filed:
`
`Jan. 5, 2010
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`Continuation of application No. 10/781,137, filed on
`Feb. 18, 2004, now Pat. No. 7,774,013.
`Provisional application No. 60/449,602, filed on Feb.
`24, 2003, provisional application No. 60/466,448,
`filed on Apr. 29, 2003, provisional application No.
`60/472.320, filed on May 21, 2003, provisional
`application No. 60/472.239, filed on May 21, 2003.
`
`Int. C.
`H04M 3/00
`U.S. C.
`USPC ..................... 455/418; 455/67.11:455/67.13;
`455/434; 455/522
`
`(2006.01)
`
`Field of Classification Search
`USPC ................. 455/522, 67.11, 67.13, 434, 226.1
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`5/1993 Chuang et al.
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`ence No. ISO/IEC 8802-11:1999(E), 528 Pages.
`(Continued)
`Primary Examiner — Temica M Beamer
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Novak Druce Connolly
`Bove + Quigg LLP
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`The performance and ease of management of wireless com
`munications environments is improved by a mechanism that
`enables access points (APs) to perform automatic channel
`selection. A wireless network can therefore include multiple
`APs, each of which will automatically choose a channel such
`that channel usage is optimized. Furthermore, APs can per
`form automatic power adjustment so that multiple APs can
`operate on the same channel while minimizing interference
`with each other. Wireless stations are load balanced across
`APs so that user bandwidth is optimized. A movement detec
`tion scheme provides seamless roaming of stations between
`APS.
`
`21 Claims, 62 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`APD
`AP1
`
`Channel
`3
`
`||
`
`||
`
`gia,
`5
`
`|
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`IPR2021-01376
`
`

`

`US 8,725,132 B1
`Page 2
`
`(56)
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`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1001, Page 2 of 88
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`US 8,725,132 B1
`Page 3
`
`(56)
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`
`* cited by examiner
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
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`Sheet 1 of 62
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`US 8,725,132 B1
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`
`
`Fig. 1
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`U.S. Patent
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`May 13, 2014
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`Sheet 2 of 62
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`US 8,725,132 B1
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`
`
`f1
`
`Fig. 2
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`U.S. Patent
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`May 13, 2014
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`Sheet 3 of 62
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`US 8,725,132 B1
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`
`
`Fig. 3
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`U.S. Patent
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`May 13, 2014
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`Sheet 4 of 62
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`US 8,725,132 B1
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`
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`Fig. 4
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`U.S. Patent
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`May 13, 2014
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`Sheet 5 of 62
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`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`32
`
`
`
`
`
`channel
`
`Enter
`claiming
`- period
`
`
`
`note
`baseline
`power, AP. .
`
`38
`
`
`
`isten for Beacons and
`DRCP Claim and
`Announcernessages
`
`Add or update entries in
`other APs table for each
`- message received
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Period still
`Qpen21
`
`44
`
`48
`
`Fig. 5
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`any entry's
`normalized power >
`aseline powe2.
`
`fy's normalize
`power > baseline
`power for > 1/2 of
`samples?
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Begin beaconing on
`Selected channel,
`proceed to AP
`
`60
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`May 13, 2014
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`Sheet 6 of 62
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`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`
`
`
`
`AP D
`P 1)
`AP2)
`
`
`
`APn)
`
`|
`
`9
`.
`
`TP Backof DRCP
`<list
`||
`7
`||
`9
`
`
`
`|
`
`liga.
`
`
`
`
`
`<list
`
`Other APS Table
`
`Fig. 6
`
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`U.S. Patent
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`May 13, 2014
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`Sheet 7 of 62
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`US 8,725,132 B1
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`62
`
`
`
`COOSe
`channel from
`channel map
`
`64
`
`Listen for other Claim
`neSSageS
`
`build adjacency vector
`<adjacency Count,
`adjacency power total
`
`66
`
`
`
`
`
`68
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`end DRCP Claim
`message including
`adjacency vector
`
`Claim message
`received?
`
`adjacency cours
`> received
`agjacency Cours
`
`adjacency Colar
`= received
`
`power > received
`adjacency total
`
`power = received
`adjacency total
`power21
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`his AP's MA
`address as other AP's
`AC Address2 as:
`
`s:
`
`E' }
`82 - selected channel
`
`
`
`claiming period
`Over?
`
`proceed to AP
`- Optimization phase
`
`86
`
`
`
`88
`
`Fig. 7
`
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`U.S. Patent
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`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 8 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`1OO
`
`1 O2
`
`Enter Scar
`interval
`
`s
`
`AnnOur Ce
`message
`eceived2
`
`
`
`calculate triplet
`average power, build
`triplet channel map
`
`Select channel
`With owest
`center power
`
`record AP-D
`and baseline
`power
`
`
`
`126
`
`128
`
`130
`
`update Scan
`table e
`
`104.
`
`enter PreClair
`interval
`
`132
`
`
`
`transmit Preclaim
`message on selected
`channel
`
`
`
`
`
`saCon, Annot reg
`Preclaim, or Claim
`
`34
`
`N
`a
`
`Y
`update Scan table
`
`136
`
`
`
`build channel map:
`each entry contains
`AP ID of highest avg
`- power AP heard
`
`channel map >
`threshold power
`level? 1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`18
`
`
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 9 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`
`
`calculate
`adjacency
`vector surn
`
`enter Claiming
`interval -
`
`transmit Claim message
`including adjacency vector
`sum on selected channel
`
`Beacon
`Announce,
`Preclaim, or
`Claim message1
`eceiveda :
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`148
`
`50
`
`52
`
`Fig. 8B
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`evaluate Caim. APS
`- late
`
`empty at
`beginning of
`iging intepe??
`N
`
`all entries
`Received Powerewel <
`baseline power +
`
`vector not & Other
`AP's adjacenc
`
`address > other AP's
`NMAC Address2.
`
`Begin beaconing and
`sending Announce
`messages on selected
`channel, proceed to AP
`optimization phase
`
`
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 10 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`O6 N.
`AP D Channel rxPower Running rxPowerSample rxPowerAvg | DRCP
`ID
`Total
`Count
`3
`dbm
`dbm
`3
`AP1)
`3
`dbm
`AP2
`3
`dbm
`dbm
`5
`APin
`5
`dbm
`8
`dbm
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`|
`
`Age .
`3
`7
`
`||
`
`0
`
`
`
`|
`
`Scan Table
`
`Fig. 9
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 11 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`
`
`Channel
`
`116
`
`highestPwr
`AP D
`AP1)
`
`highestPWrlevel
`dbm
`
`:
`
`dbm
`
`Channel Map
`
`Fig. 10
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 12 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`
`
`Channel
`
`2
`
`124
`
`Strendt
`
`5
`2
`2
`8
`3
`9
`
`Triplet avg
`5
`5
`5
`6
`6
`6
`
`||
`
`Triplet channel map
`
`Fig.11
`
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 13 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`
`
`Claim APS table
`
`Fig. 12
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1001, Page 16 of 88
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 14 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Beacon
`received? 1
`
`Announce
`received? 1
`
`Helo
`received? 1
`
`Entry exist
`for AP-D2 1
`
`Update
`entryAP D
`
`Max AP
`entries?
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`212
`
`Create new
`entryAP-ID)
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 15 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`
`
`200
`
`AP2)
`
`o
`
`max power
`max power
`
`2
`2
`3
`
`dbm
`
`3
`
`3
`
`dbm
`
`AP KnOWn APS Table
`
`Fig. 14
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1001, Page 18 of 88
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 16 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`Start/Stop
`
`
`
`
`
`Oata received
`from associated Y
`STAT
`x
`
`
`
`
`
`entry exist for
`STAD?
`
`
`
`
`224
`
`Update STA entry
`STA ID(n)
`
`Add new entry
`STAID(n)
`
`
`
`
`
`Registration
`Request?
`
`Mark STAID(n)
`DRCP
`
`Send Registration
`Acknowledge
`
`:
`
`
`
`23O
`
`
`
`
`
`232
`
`Fig. 15
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1001, Page 19 of 88
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 17 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`240
`
`time
`
`Active
`
`power
`
`actor
`
`samples
`
`
`
`Oraz
`P
`
`d power
`
`STA2
`
`0
`.
`6
`
`
`
`||
`0
`||
`. . .
`
`0
`.
`
`||
`.
`
`
`
`|
`0
`. .
`
`||
`3
`. .
`
`0
`.
`
`||
`.
`
`0
`.
`
`
`
`o
`
`APASSociated STA Table
`
`Fig. 16
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 18 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`AP Power Adjust
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PeruSe
`KnOWnAPS
`table
`
`260
`
`Max TP Backoff =
`highest TP
`backoff in Known
`APS table
`
`-
`
`-
`
`262
`
`PeruSe AP
`ASSociated
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`arthest STA
`distance >
`glosest AP21
`
`s:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`TP Backoff =
`Max TP Backoff
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`power
`adjustment
`interval up2 1
`
`STA adjusted
`TP backoff =
`Max TP Backoff
`- value to
`aCCOmodate
`farthest STA
`
`TP Backoff =
`STA adjusted
`
`270
`
`Fig. 17
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 19 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`
`
`280
`
`Avoid Other
`WANS 2 1
`
`TP backoff = 0
`
`
`
`
`
`Hello
`interval up21
`
`
`
`increment AP
`age for each
`AP in
`KnOWnAPS
`
`
`
`
`
`delete AP from
`
`290
`
`
`
`
`
`AP KnownAPsn.corrected power=AP
`KnownAPs.normalized power - getStandardError (sample
`
`
`
`y
`
`COreCtec
`
`292
`
`Fig. 18A
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 20 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`
`
`nownAP highes
`power AP.corrected
`power > noise flop-1
`
`se:
`
`
`
`AP Power adjust
`
`maxTpBackoff=knownAPs(highest power
`AP.corrected power - noise floor
`
`Max P Backoff = 0 .
`sososo XSEE.
`
`298
`
`296
`
`Peruse associated STAs
`table to find farthest STA
`
`er STA.corrected power >
`noise floor
`
`
`
`
`
`Y
`TP B
`TP Backoff = AP
`STA
`ackoff- O
`associated STAs lowest power STA).
`corrected power-noise floor "T"
`304
`
`
`
`
`
`Y
`STATP Backoff a
`MaxTP Backoff 1.
`
`
`
`
`
`302
`
`306
`
`308
`
`
`
`my TP Backoff =
`Max TP Backoff
`my TP Backoff=
`STATP Backoff reo 30
`
`312
`
`314
`
`
`
`318
`
`Adjust transmit
`power down by
`myTP Backoff
`XYEssassissiestsize:::::::::s
`
`Send Hello at
`max power
`
`.
`
`Fig. 18B
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1001, Page 23 of 88
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 21 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`
`
`Number of
`Samples
`
`Calculated
`Standard Error
`
`ROUnded
`Standard Error
`
`2 2
`
`:
`
`Table
`
`Stardard error for 99% confidence on received power values
`averaged over number of samples for standard deviation = 15 dB.
`
`Fig. 19
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 22 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`O star D
`
`Collect Long
`Term Sample
`Size of distance
`from STA
`
`
`
`Collect Short
`Term Sample
`Size of distance
`from SA
`
`320
`
`322
`
`----------. --
`
`
`
`
`
`moving = true
`
`TP Backoff = 0 .
`
`Long Term distance >
`Moving Threshold +
`sa
`longtermstderror + shor1
`termstderror?1
`
`328
`
`326
`
`328
`
`moving = false
`
`
`
`distance - Long
`Terrn distance <
`longtermstderror + 1
`short
`/ --
`emstaerrot
`330
`
`Y
`moving = false
`”” 332
`
`Resume TP
`Backoff
`lculati
`
`AP Power adjust during STA movement
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`N
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 23 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`AP Auction
`
`Start/Stop
`
`
`
`start of auction
`interwa?
`
`340
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`collect Bids from
`STAS
`
`Bid alread
`received from
`this STA21
`
`-
`
`replace bid
`information for
`STA
`
`344
`
`346
`
`reset age for STA
`'350
`
`end of auction
`interval 2
`
`
`
`
`
`increment current
`bid ages
`
`delete entries for
`age-max bid age
`
`sort list by
`biased distance
`delta value
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`New STA entry
`
`348
`
`N
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`354
`
`
`
`356
`
`
`
`
`
`358
`
`messages to bid
`entries with highest
`biased delta values
`up to acceptsPer
`
`U O
`accepted STA to
`outstanding
`
`numAccepts Out
`#accepts sent
`
`Fig. 21
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 24 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`366
`
`STA aSSOciatior
`indication
`received? 1
`
`Bid pending from
`associating STA21
`
`368
`
`delete STA bids
`
`37O
`
`accepts list? 1
`
`372
`
`delete STA from
`tandi
`OutStar ing
`accepts list
`
`374
`
`numAcceptsOut=
`numAcceptsOut - F
`p
`
`376
`
`Fig. 22
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 25 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`STA initialization
`
`Produce list of
`supported
`channels for each
`band
`
`Scan for beacons
`On all channels
`
`Select highest
`signal strength
`AP on highest
`bandwidth band
`- Supported
`
`Authenticate and
`asSociate to
`chosen AP
`
`Enable reception
`of DRCP A
`Agents group
`address
`
`Proceed to
`optimization
`phase
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`380
`
`382
`
`384
`
`386
`
`388
`
`390
`
`Fig. 23
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1001, Page 28 of 88
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 26 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`STA Canvassing
`
`
`
`402
`
`404
`
`Scan
`interval up?1
`
`turn on packet
`buffering at AP
`
`CanvaSS a
`channel for
`beacons and
`DRCP announce
`messages
`
`Turn off packet
`buffering at AP,
`receive buffered
`packets
`
`s:
`
`Fig. 24
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1001, Page 29 of 88
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 27 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`STA Canvassing, 802.11
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Scan
`interval up?1
`
`Save Current
`State of Power
`Save Mode
`
`set power save
`mode, increase
`listen time by
`Scan time
`
`Canvass for
`beacons and
`DRCP announce
`messages
`
`m
`
`Return to current
`state of power
`Save mode
`
`412
`
`44
`
`46
`
`48
`
`Fig. 25
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1001, Page 30 of 88
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 28 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`430
`
`load
`Ca
`Factor
`
`Backoff
`
`Max
`Power
`
`distance
`sample distance
`-
`p
`S
`
`Load
`my Loa
`Factor
`
`biased
`distance
`
`correcte
`d
`.
`distance
`
`-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`AP D
`
`Channel
`D
`
`
`
`
`
`...
`
`I
`
`5
`
`-
`
`3 || 3 |
`| 3 ||
`FIFFT || ||
`|
`1
`||
`1
`||
`1
`ist
`<list
`13 |
`
`sS . S to
`
`
`
`3
`
`STA Known APS Table
`
`Fig. 26
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1001, Page 31 of 88
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 29 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`BeaCOn
`received?.1
`
`Announce
`received? 1
`
`Entry exist
`for AP-ID21
`
`Update
`entry(AP ID)
`
`Max AP
`entries?
`
`Create new
`entryAP-ID
`
`
`
`44O
`
`Fig. 27
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1001, Page 32 of 88
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 30 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`STA Power Adjustment
`
`Message
`Receive
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`My TP Backoff = |
`received TP
`Backoff
`
`558
`
`Fig. 28
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1001, Page 33 of 88
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 31 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`( son )
`
`STA Bidding
`
`450
`
`452
`
`454
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`complete?1
`
`Age KnownAPs
`table entries
`
`Delete all entries
`aged > Max Age
`
`Collect
`Long Term Sam
`ple Size distance
`values for Current
`
`456
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`big sample si
`distance values for
`Some entries in
`
`458
`
`Y
`
`460
`
`Calculate biased
`distance for APS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`6West biase
`distance better than
`biased distance to
`current AP21
`
`
`
`Send DRCP_Bid
`to better AP
`
`Fig. 29
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 32 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`Start/Stop
`
`
`
`470
`
`
`
`
`
`ABS knownAPsn.distnace -
`knownAPsmyAP).distnace <= Bid Sample Std
`Error + Long Term Std Error?
`--
`
`s
`
`
`
`
`
`Corrected distance =
`knownAPsmyAP..distance
`
`corrected distance -
`knownAPsn).distance
`
`Calculate data rate:
`knownAPn).data rate =
`distance_to_rate(knownAPn).
`mode, knownAPn.corrected
`distance
`
`-
`
`
`
`
`
`calculate load factor:
`knownAPn).my load factor =
`rate to loadknownAPn), data
`rate
`
`:
`
`476
`
`478
`
`48O -
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1001, Page 35 of 88
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 33 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`
`
`Banzais
`
`Mb/S
`54
`48
`36
`
`Table
`Distance to Rate Table, 802.11
`
`Fig. 31
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 34 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`
`
`Data Rate
`O8
`
`Load Factor
`
`5 5
`
`1 8
`2
`
`7 9
`216
`432
`864
`65,535
`
`Table
`
`Rate to Load table for 802.11
`
`Fig. 32
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1001, Page 37 of 88
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. v. Intellectual Ventures II LLC
`IPR2021-01376
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 35 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`Biased Distance Calculation
`
`knownAPsnbiased distance =
`knownAPsn.corrected distance
`(knownAPsn).load factor +
`knownAPsn).my load factor)/
`knownAPsmyAP).load factor
`
`knownAPSn.nny AP relbiased
`distance =
`knownAPsmyAP..distance"
`knownAPsmyAP)load factor /
`(knownAPsn. load factor +
`knownAPs(n)-my load factor
`
`knownAPs(n)-biased distance delta
`knwonAPsin).my AP rel_biased di
`stance -
`knownAPsn.biased distance
`
`e
`
`any positive
`biased distance delta2-1
`
`bestAP = highest positive
`biased distance delta
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`more than 1 highest
`biased distance delta2-1
`
`508
`
`bid previously sent to
`one of the highest APs?
`
`
`
`Y
`
`510
`
`send Bid to AP previously sent to
`
`send Bid to AP
`
`k
`
`52
`
`506
`
`asSociate with non-DRCP AP
`
`504
`
`498
`
`Fig. 33A
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1001, Page 38 of 88
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. v. Intellectual Ventures II LLC
`IPR2021-01376
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 36 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`ORCP Accep
`received for
`selected AP21
`
`e:
`
`
`
`514
`
`
`
`STATP backoff
`O
`
`56
`
`
`
`stay with current
`AP
`
`532
`
`ASSOCiate with AP
`
`Send DRCP
`Registration
`Request
`
`start registration
`
`58
`
`
`
`520
`
`522
`
`Registration
`ACnowledge 1
`
`
`
`turn Off
`registration timer
`
`528
`
`Fig. 33B
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1001, Page 39 of 88
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. v. Intellectual Ventures II LLC
`IPR2021-01376
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 37 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`STA movement detection
`
`Collect Long
`Term Sample
`Size of distance
`from current AP
`
`540
`
`
`
`Collect Short
`Term Sample
`Size of distance
`from current AP .
`
`hort term distance
`Long Term distance >
`(movingThreshold +
`long TermstdError +
`hort TermstdError)2
`1
`
`?e:
`
`544
`
`
`
`
`
`Y
`
`
`
`F
`g
`
`moving = true
`
`
`
`stop bidding
`process
`
`
`
`N
`
`Long Term distance <
`(longTerrnstodError +
`
`548
`
`550
`
`Y
`
`moving = false
`
`s
`
`e 552
`
`
`
`restart bidding
`process
`
`554
`
`N
`
`1
`
`547
`
`s Fig. 34
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1001, Page 40 of 88
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. v. Intellectual Ventures II LLC
`IPR2021-01376
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 38 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`DRCP MESSAGES
`
`14
`
`
`
`AP platform
`independent
`
`AP platform
`dependent
`module
`
`STA platform
`independent
`module
`
`STA API
`
`STA platform
`dependent
`module
`
`AP platform
`independent
`module
`
`AP platform
`dependent
`mOdule
`
`564
`
`Wireless protocol messages
`
`Fig. 35
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1001, Page 41 of 88
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. v. Intellectual Ventures II LLC
`IPR2021-01376
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 39 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`802.11 AP DRCP Architecture
`
`
`
`58O
`
`MA-UNITDATA
`(..request or indication)
`
`MLME ACTION
`(..request or .Confirm)
`
`BSS
`
`Components of ARM 482
`
`Fig. 36
`
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. Ex. 1001, Page 42 of 88
`Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. v. Intellectual Ventures II LLC
`IPR2021-01376
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 13, 2014
`
`Sheet 40 of 62
`
`US 8,725,132 B1
`
`802.11 STADRCP Architecture
`
`
`
`MA-UNITDATA (request or indication)
`MLME ACTION
`(request or