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`United States Patent
`[19J
`DeLorme et al.
`
`[11]Patent Number:
`5,848,373
`[45]Date of Patent:
`Dec. 8, 1998
`
`US005848373A
`
`[54]COMPUTER A IDED MAP LOCATION
`SYSTEM
`
`5,289,195 2/1994 Inoue ...................................... 342/457
`
`
`
`
`
`
`5,337,242 8/1994 Yamamoto et al. .................... 364/449
`
`
`
`5,359,527 10/1994 Takanabe et al. ...................... 364/449
`
`
`
`5,396,254 3/1995 Toshiyuki ................................ 342/357
`DeLorme, [75]Inventors: David M. Cumberland;
`
`
`
`
`
`5,422,814 6/1995 Sprague et al. ......................... 364/449
`
`
`
`5,475,387 12/1995 Matsumoto ............................. 340/990
`
`
`Keith A. Gray, Dresden, both of Me.
`
`5,559,511 9 /1996 Ito et al. .. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... 701/201
`
`[73]Assignee: DeLorme Publishing Company,
`
`
`
`Yarmoath, Me.
`
`Appl. No.: 896,712
`[21]
`
`Primary Examiner-Tan Q. Nguyen
`
`
`
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Pierce Atwood
`
`
`Filed: Jul. 18, 1997
`[22]
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`[56]
`
`
`
`References Cited
`
`A computer aided map location system (CAMLS) provides
`
`
`
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`
`
`
`correlation and coordination of spatially related data
`
`
`Continuation of Ser. No. 265,327, Jun. 24, 1994, abandoned.
`
`
`
`
`between a computer (PDNPC/EC) and a set of printed maps
`[63]
`
`
`
`
`
`typically printed on paper depicting surface features at
`Int. Cl.6
`
`G06F 165/00; G0lS 5/00
`[51]
`
`
`
`
`
`
`desired levels of detail. A first set of constant scale printed
`
`
`
`maps substantially coincides with or is overprinted with
`[52]
`
`
`
`U.S. Cl. .......................... 701/200; 701/208; 701/212;
`
`
`
`equal area grid quadrangles of a first scale grid. The first
`
`340/998; 340/990; 340/995; 342/357
`
`
`scale grid quadrangles are identified by a first set of unique
`
`
`Field of Search ..................................... 701/207, 208,
`[58]
`
`
`names. The PDA/PC/EC has a computer display or other
`
`701/210, 212, 216, 217, 300; 340/998,
`
`
`
`computer output, a first database, and display subsystem.
`
`990, 995; 342/357, 457
`
`
`
`The first database includes the first set of unique names of
`
`
`
`the grid quadrangles of the first scale grid. The boundary
`
`
`lines of the respective first scale grid quadrangles are
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`
`
`identified in the first database by latitude and longitude
`
`
`4,543,572 9/1985 Tanaka et al. .......................... 340/723
`
`
`
`
`location. The display subsystem causes the display of a
`
`
`
`4,675,676 6/1987 Takanabe et al. ...................... 340/995
`
`
`
`selected grid quadrangle or gridname on the PDA/PC/EC
`
`
`
`
`4,689,747 8/1987 Kurose et al. .......................... 364/449
`
`
`display in response to a user query. The displayed grid
`
`
`4,791,572 12/1988 Green, III et al. ..................... 364/449
`
`
`
`quadrangle or gridname is correlated with a grid quadrangle
`
`
`
`4,796,189 1/1989 Nakayama et al. ..................... 364/449
`
`
`
`of a printed map from the first set of printed maps. The
`
`
`
`4,807,157 2/1989 Fukushima et al. .................... 364/521
`
`
`PDA/PC/EC may have access to a second database or
`
`
`4,862,374 8/1989 Ziemann ................................. 364/449
`
`
`
`4,891,761 1/1990 Gray et al. .............................. 364/452
`
`
`
`
`multiple databases of latitude and longitude locatable
`
`
`4,972,319 11/1990 DeLorme ................................ 364/419
`
`
`
`
`objects (lac/objects) for display on selected grid quad­
`
`
`
`4,984,168 1/1991 Neukrichner ............................ 364/449
`
`
`
`
`rangles. Alternatively or in addition the PDA/PC/EC may
`
`
`4,998,752 3/1991 Judson ...................................... 283/34
`
`
`
`incorporate a user location system such as a GPS location
`
`
`5,030,117 7/1991 DeLorme ................................ 434/130
`
`
`
`
`system for displaying the location and route of the CAMLS
`
`
`
`
`5,059,970 10/1991 Raubenheimer et al. .............. 342/451
`
`user on the display. Multiple level scales of grids and
`
`
`5,067,081 11/1991 Person ..................................... 364/444
`
`
`
`
`corresponding multiple sets of maps at the different scales
`
`
`
`5,068,654 11/1991 Rusher .................................... 340/903
`
`
`
`are available. Communications links are provided between
`
`
`
`5,089,816 2/1992 Holmes, Jr .............................. 340/995
`
`
`
`5,204,817 4/1993 Yoshida ................................... 364/449
`
`
`CAMLS computers and CAMLS users in various combina­
`
`
`
`5,212,643 5/1993 Yoshida ................................... 701/212
`tions.
`
`
`
`5,214,757 5/1993 Mauney et al. ......................... 395/161
`
`
`
`
`5,268,844 12/1993 Carver et al. ........................... 364/443
`19 Claims, 18 Drawing Sheets
`
`� 1 / PDA/S. BER
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 001
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`U.S. Patent
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`Dec. 8, 1998
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`Sheet 1 of 18
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`5,848,373
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 002
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`U.S. Patent
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`5,848,373
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`FIG 2
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 003
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`U.S. Patent
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`Dec. 8, 1998
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`Sheet 3 of 18
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 004
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`U.S. Patent
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`Dec. 8, 1998
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`Sheet 4 of 18
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`5,848,373
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 005
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`U.S. Patent
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`Dec. 8, 1998
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`Sheet 5 of 18
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`5,848,373
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`LOCATION
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 006
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 8, 1998
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`Sheet 6 of 18
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`5,848,373
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 007
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 8, 1998
`
`Sheet 7 of 18
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`5,848,373
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
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`U.S. Patent
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`Dec. 8, 1998
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`Sheet 8 of 18
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 009
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 8, 1998
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`Sheet 9 of 18
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`Page 0010
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 0010
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`U.S. Patent
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`Dec. 8, 1998
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`Sheet 10 0f 18
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`5,848,373
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 0011
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`Dec. 8, 1998
`Sheet 11 of 18
`4O1-(B) <- INPUT FROM MAPPING DATA
`SUBSYSTEM 21O, FG 10
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`5,848,373
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`4O3
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`
`44
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 0012
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`U.S. Patent
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`Dec. 8, 1998
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`Sheet 12 of 18
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`5,848,373
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`NATIONAL
`e.g. USA
`
`REGIONAL
`e.g. NE
`
`/ / / a ME
`
`SUB-REGIONAL
`
`LOCAL
`e.g. FREEPORT
`
`FG 12
`
`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 0013
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`U.S. Patent
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`Dec. 8, 1998
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`Sheet 13 0f 18
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`5,848,373
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`
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`25O
`ANALOG
`OUTPUT
`INTERFACE
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`251
`BACKLIGHT
`CONTROLLER
`
`FIG 3
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 0014
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`

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`U.S. Patent
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`Dec. 8, 1998
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`Sheet 14 of 18
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`5,848,373
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`VNPyiyYeeeEeKJJPATTTfe
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 0015
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 0015
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`U.S. Patent
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`5,848,373
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`Dec. 8, 1998
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`Sheet 15 of 18
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`co
`
`FIG 14D
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 0016
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 0016
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`Dec. 8, 1998
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`Sheet 16 of 18
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`U.S. Patent
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`5,848,373
`
`FIG I4E
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 0017
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 0017
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` 5,848,373
`
`FIG 14F
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`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 0018
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`U.S. Patent
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`Dec. 8, 1998
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`Sheet 18 of 18
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`5,848,373
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`
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`27 3 km
`
`°o 8 C
`
`U- NE-B - D5
`
`FIG 5G
`
`Niantics Exhibit No. 1022
`Page 0019
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`

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`5,848,373
`
`1
`COMPUTER ADED MAP LOCATION
`SYSTEM
`
`This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 265,327,
`filed Jun. 24, 1994, now abandoned.
`
`15
`
`35
`
`40
`
`25
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`This invention relates to a new System for correlation and
`coordination of Spatially related data between digital elec
`tronic media Such as transitory computer displayS or other
`computer outputs, and a variety of graphic and text media
`Such as printed maps and other related “fixed’ graphic and
`text media. The invention also provides for communication
`of the Spatially related data between computer Systems and
`between users in a variety of contexts and combinations. The
`invention has broad application for visual, intuitive, and
`other Sensory correlation by the user of Spatially related data
`Such as location data for locatable objects between a user
`readable transitory computer display and other computer
`outputs, and a corresponding user readable printed map or
`other fixed media presentation of the same Spatial area. The
`invention provides "intelligent' printed maps and other
`intelligent fixed media maps by incorporation of a digital
`electronic data dimension for data processing, computation,
`and communication.
`The invention also provides a novel grid System for user
`correlation of location data and other Specified data between
`the diverse media. The Spatially or geographically related
`data are correlated and coordinated internally by a computer
`according to the present invention with reference to a
`common geographical coordinate System Such as the Stan
`dard latitude/longitude location coordinate System. The Spa
`tially related data is correlated and coordinated intuitively by
`the user between human readable forms of the map using the
`new grid System and uniquely named grid quadrangles of
`constant Scale. The invention permits correlation, coordina
`tion and communication of diverse data Such as location
`data, geographical and GIS data, related text and alphanu
`meric data, mapping data, and Visual, auditory, and other
`Sensory data. Data may be derived from any State of the art
`available inputs to the System either local or remote, internal
`or external, and the data correlated and coordinated in
`diverse media according to the invention can be made
`available in any State of the art outputs and can be commu
`45
`nicated to any location.
`In a preferred form, the invention relates to a new
`computer aided map location System (CAMLS) using a
`coacting personal digital assistant (PDA) or other digital or
`electronic computer (EC) Such as a digital microprocessor
`based personal computer (PC), workStation, or mainframe,
`and a Set of detailed printed maps depicting Surface features
`or mappable features for a specified geographical area,
`typically a set of printed paper maps. The PDA/PC/EC can
`be either stationary or mobile. The PDA/PC/EC permits
`generalized display of grid quadrangles of a constant Scale
`grid System representing a specified geographical area and
`any of a Selected group of latitude/longitude located objects.
`The geographical coordinate System located objects include
`user location, geographical destinations, and other Selected
`geographical objects, from a Set of databases Stored in
`PDA/PC/EC memory devices or accessible through wired
`and wireleSS data communications links. The geographical
`objects are displayed on one or more generalized grid
`quadrangles or tiles of the grid System.
`The grid quadrangles coincide in geographical area with
`respective printed maps or grid quadrangles overlying the
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`2
`printed maps for correlation of location of geographical
`objects on the displayed grid quadrangle and corresponding
`printed map. For example the locations of displayed geo
`graphical objects on a user readable transitory computer
`display are correlated with Surface features or mappable
`features depicted on the corresponding user readable printed
`map using the grid System. The same constant Scale grid
`Systems overlie and coordinate all the diverse media pre
`Sentations of the same geographical areas. The databases of
`locatable objects and related information may include for
`example restaurants, hotels/motels, cities, municipalities,
`Settlements, routes, transportation Services Such as airports
`and ferries, parks, recreation areas, campgrounds, hospitals,
`ZOOS, museums, tourist and Sightseeing attractions, and other
`geographical landmarks or objects for user Selectivity.
`The CAMLS is also applicable for use with radio location
`Systems, dead reckoning location Systems, and hybrid loca
`tion systems. For example, the GPS satellite system is used
`with a GPS receiver for displaying location, travel direction,
`Speed, route, and other traveling data of the CAMLS user on
`the generalized grid quadrangles for correlation of location
`with Surface features or mappable features on the Set of
`printed maps coinciding with the grid quadrangles. Multiple
`Sets of maps and grid Systems at different Scales may be
`interrelated in the CAMLS. The CAMLS system provides
`“intelligent' printed maps by direct computer output of
`computed mapping and travel location data on grid quad
`rangles for correlation with mapped Surface features on the
`corresponding printed maps. This can be accomplished by
`human Senses, e.g. Visually and intuitively between human
`readable forms of the map without the necessity of mentally
`or quantitatively determining latitude and longitude and
`without requiring any mathematical calculations by the user.
`Text and Voice or audio outputs can be provided to facilitate
`use and reading of the printed maps. The invention also adds
`a communications dimension to the maps for adding and
`updating the latest Spatially related data, for providing
`Software tools for map analysis and reading, and generally
`for communications between computer Systems and
`between users in a variety of combinations.
`BACKGROUND ART
`A hand held personal GPS navigation tool has been
`developed by Trimble Navigation of Austin, Tex. 78759
`under the trademark Scout GPS (TM). The Trimble naviga
`tion tool incorporates a GPS receiver and a four line char
`acter display for displaying position information in alpha
`numeric characters. It is stated that this hand held GPS
`System can display alphanumeric position information in a
`latitude/longitude coordinate System or a Universal Trans
`verse Mercator (UTM) coordinate system. The Trimble
`navigation tool can apparently also display proprietary coor
`dinate System information for locating the position of a user
`on a Standard topographic map. The Trimble GPS navigation
`tool displays in alphanumeric characters the horizontal and
`Vertical coordinate distances of the user from the Southeast
`corner or Southeast reference point of any Standard topo
`graphic map.
`A disadvantage of the Trimble GPS navigation tool is that
`it provides a display of coordinate System data only in
`alphanumeric characters on a multiline LCD display. The
`user must then perform mathematical measurements and
`operations to determine the user location on a particular
`topographic map. While the incorporation of GPS technol
`ogy provides an improvement over dead reckoning and
`position estimation from topography, it necessarily requires
`user reference to quantitative measurements and calcula
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`tions. Furthermore, the Trimble navigation device does not
`provide communications access to other geographical infor
`mation databases for updated information on geographical
`objects in the Spatial area of interest or communications
`access to other Software tools for map analysis and reading.
`More generally, the Trimble navigation device does not
`provide a communications dimension for the map reading
`System.
`Silva Sweden AB and Rockwell International USA have
`developed a hand held GPS compass navigator for use on
`any Standard map. The GPS compass navigator incorporates
`a GPS receiver for locating the user on any Standard map. A
`built in "compass gives range and bearing from the known
`user position to a Specified destination. This information is
`updated on the GPS compass navigator as the user
`progresses toward the destination. The GPS compass navi
`gator is described as being in the form of a guiding "puck'
`that apparently rides or is moved over the Standard map at
`the user location. It therefore cannot display multiple geo
`graphical objects at the Same time and cannot communicate
`with other Sources of Spatially related map information.
`Thomas Bros. Maps of Irvine, Calif. 92714 has developed
`a new “Page and Grid” (TM) identification system to locate
`Streets, cities, communities or points of interest on a set of
`maps. Objects of interest are located by page number and
`grid name on the Thomas Bros. maps. Trip Builder (TM)
`products described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,998,752 use transpar
`ent map overlays for travel planning. However there is no
`electronic computer component to the "Page and Grid'
`(TM) system of Thomas Bros. or the Trip Builder (TM)
`transparent overlay maps to add an intelligent dimension for
`computer aided correlation, coordination, and communica
`tion.
`DeLorme Mapping Company of Freeport, Maine provides
`a Self contained electronic map and navigation device under
`the trademark “MapKit'. A CDROM stores a database of
`maps for display on a portable computer for assistance in
`routing, navigation, etc. The “MapKit” (TM) electronic map
`device is intended for Self contained use and does not
`include a System specifically designed for correlation with
`human readable maps in other media Such as printed maps.
`With respect to the abundance of paper maps and paper
`map Series currently available, a user generally picks up a
`paper map with the questions in mind, “Where am I?’,
`“Where is my proposed destination'?”, and “How do I get
`there'?”. The paper map alone is unable to answer these
`questions in a direct Sensory, Visual, and intuitive manner
`without map reading capability and Some deductive reading
`and calculation by the user. There is no direct visual indi
`cation as, for example might be available on an electronic
`map of the Surface features or mappable features of the same
`geographic area highlighting current location, proposed
`destination, and even a proposed route.
`OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
`It is an object of the present invention to provide a new
`multimedia System for correlation and coordination of Spa
`tially related information between diverse media Such as
`transitory digital electronic displays or other computer out
`puts and graphics, text, fixed media presentations Such as
`printed Sheet media including printed maps. A related object
`of the invention is to provide communications of Spatially
`related data between computer Systems and between users in
`various combinations. Such a communications dimension
`permits for example updating with latest mapping and
`geographical object information and providing additional
`Software tools for map reading and analysis.
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`Another object of the invention is to provide a novel grid
`System and grid quadrangle naming System for correlation
`and coordination of Spatially related data including location
`data, geographic data, mapping data, text data, graphics
`data, Visual, auditory and other Sensory data between diverse
`media. According to the present invention, diverse data in
`diverse media can be correlated and coordinated internally
`and automatically by computer through a common geo
`graphical coordinate System Such as the latitude/longitude
`location coordinate System. The diverse spatially related
`data can be correlated and coordinated intuitively by the user
`using the new grid System and uniquely named grid quad
`rangles.
`A feature and advantage of the novel constant Scale grid
`System according to the invention is that the grid System
`enables Visual, intuitive or other Sensory correlation and
`coordination of Spatially related location data. The grid
`System permits map reading without requiring quantitative
`determination, analysis, or reasoning and without requiring
`mathematical calculations by the user.
`It is another object of the present invention to provide a
`computer aided map location System (CAMLS) based on
`coordination between a PDA or other digital or electronic
`computer (EC) Such as a digital microprocessor based (PC),
`WorkStation, or mainframe digital computer, and a set of
`printed maps typically printed on paper, depicting Surface
`features at desired levels of detail. A feature of this coacting
`System is particularly useful for embodiments of the inven
`tion using hand held devices, Small portable and mobile
`computers, and field applications where available and
`affordable memory modules may be limited. The massive
`digital electronic database necessary for depicting Surface
`features in Sufficient detail on electronic maps is not required
`because the full map database is effectively Stored and
`available on paper or other sheet media. In other
`applications, the electronic map and display can provide
`greater detail than the printed map, updating and Supple
`menting the printed map, and even printing a new map.
`The CAMLS system of the invention adds a computer
`dimension to the printed maps and is therefore intended to
`provide intelligent printed maps. The computer correlates,
`coordinates, and communicates information in a common
`geographical coordinate System Such as the latitude/
`longitude coordinate System. An object of the invention is to
`provide direct visual display of intelligent map location
`information on grid quadrangles of a PDA/PC/EC display
`for correlation with printed maps depicting geographical
`areas coinciding with the geographical areas of the grid
`quadrangles. Coordination and correlation of Spatially
`related data by the user is accomplished intuitively without
`requiring the user to make any latitude and longitude mea
`surements or UTM determinations or any mathematical
`calculations whatever.
`Another object of the invention is to display on the
`PDA/PC/EC, geographical coordinate system located
`objects or other Selected geographical objects from other
`databases with reference to a generalized grid quadrangle
`also located by latitude and longitude or other geographical
`coordinate System. The grid quadrangle in turn coincides in
`geographical area with a detailed map of a Set of maps or a
`grid quadrangle overlay on the map, typically printed on
`paper for correlation of location of geographical objects on
`the displayed grid quadrangle and corresponding printed
`map. For example, the locations of displayed latitude and
`longitude located objects in a grid quadrangle are correlated
`with Surface features depicted at desired levels of detail on
`the corresponding printed map for the same geographical
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`area. An advantage of the present invention is that objects
`are located by the user on one of the detailed printed maps
`by direct Sensory, visual, and intuitive comparison with the
`PDA/PC/EC display.
`A related object of the invention is to provide printed
`maps and other “fixed' media maps with a communications
`dimension for updating maps and associated geographical
`objects with latest geographically related information. The
`invention provides communications access to a variety of
`database Sources of updated information on latitude/
`longitude locatable objects. The database Sources can be
`internal or external, local or remote, using memory devices
`and diverse communications links to multiple database
`Sources and Service centers. The communications dimension
`of the present invention can also make available Software
`tools for map reading and analysis over communications
`linkS.
`A further object of the invention is to provide a CAMLS
`for use with radio location Systems, dead reckoning location
`Systems, and hybrid location Systems for displaying user
`location. For example, the GPS satellite system is used for
`displaying the location, direction of travel, route, Speed, and
`other travel data of a CAMLS user on a generalized grid
`quadrangle for correlation of user location on a coinciding
`printed map. All this is accomplished by direct Sensory,
`Visual, and intuitive methods.
`MODULARITY AND SELECTIVITY
`OBJECTIVES OF THE CALMLS EMBODIMENT
`The CAMLS system is intended to provide alternative and
`multiple levels of detail with alternative and multiple scales
`of displayed grids, grid quadrangles and corresponding
`printed maps, and with alternative and multiple databases
`both internal and external, local and remote, for display of
`Selected geographical objects and Spatially related informa
`tion according to the requirements of the CAMLS user. The
`invention is intended to provide display of generalized grid
`quadrangles on a PDA/PC/EC display correlated with
`Selected geographic areas and with Selected levels of back
`ground context and detail according to the memory capa
`bility of the PDA/PC/EC and the communications links and
`communications Services coupling the CAMLS user to other
`CAMLS Systems, external data bases and Service centers.
`The Selected levels of background context and detail may
`vary according to the memory devices or modules available
`for user requirements, according to wired or wireleSS on line
`information Services available, according to internal and
`external databases available, and according to user choice.
`In the Simplest embodiments, there is no graphic display
`at all, and uniquely named grid quadrangles, in response to
`location queries, are identified by text/alphanumeric line
`displays, audio/voice outputs, or other types of computer
`outputs. At the next level of detail/background, the grid
`quadrangle boundaries alone are displayed on the computer
`display for containing and indicating generalized location of
`latitude/longitude or other geographical coordinate System
`locatable objects for correlation of location on a correspond
`ing printed map. The edges of a display Screen itself may
`function as the grid quadrangle boundaries or the grid lines
`forming grid quadrangle boundaries may be drawn and
`displayed on the Screen inside the edges of the display
`Screen. Multiple grid quadrangles may also be displayed on
`the display Screen. In a radio location, dead reckoning
`location, or other user location system such as the GPS
`embodiment, user location, direction of travel, and other
`travel data are also displayed on the Selected grid quad
`rangle.
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`In embodiments with greater memory capacity, multiple
`memory device capability affording access to Selected inter
`nal databases, or wired or wireleSS on line communication
`access to external databases, additional Software tools for
`map interpretation, and other spatially related information,
`the grid boundaries may be displayed with Selected back
`ground features and landmarks of the correlated geographic
`area for further Sensory, visual, or intuitive orientation by the
`user. Furthermore, latitude/longitude or other geographical
`coordinate locatable objects Selected for display may be
`displayed with major routes or Street locations or other
`geographical landmarks adding visual cues for rapid Visual
`correlation and location on the corresponding printed maps.
`Similarly, the user location, route, Speed, and direction of
`travel determined by a radio location System, dead reckon
`ing location System, or hybrid location System may also be
`displayed with greater or lesser background context and
`detail of Selected routes and landmarks or other geographical
`landmarks to facilitate visual correlation of the display with
`printed maps.
`The invention is intended to provide a computer aided
`map location System in which the user can fill the Screen of
`the PDA/PC/EC display to whatever level of selectivity the
`user requires. For example a municipal planner might dis
`play a database of local fire hydrants, residential housing
`information, or GPS positioning of particular Selected
`objects on the Selected grid quadrangle or quadrangles. This
`may be shown for example, in association with the Street
`layout or other infrastructure layout of the municipality.
`Memory modules can be made available to Supplement
`displays on the PDA/PC/EC display with a variety of
`alternate internal databases. In the case of a desktop com
`puter workStation, PC, or mainframe with essentially unlim
`ited hard disk drive capacity, the user can display on the
`PC/EC screen whatever level of background context and
`detail is required or desired to Supplement the display of
`geographical coordinate located objects. Alternative eXter
`nal databases are also available through wired and wireleSS
`data communication links with other CAMLS systems and
`users, external databases and Software tools, and Service
`bureaus, affording the user further Selectivity and modularity
`in choosing levels of background context and detail.
`On the other hand, in the simplest PDA, the screen itself
`is used to define the boundaries of a grid quadrangle and the
`screen boundaries may be molded with “hash marks” or grid
`Subdivisions for more detailed geographical location. In a
`full PC/EC desktop system or workstation, multiple grid
`quadrangles may be displayed, e.g. 16 grid quadrangles with
`display of Selected levels of detail. Multiple grid quad
`rangles may also be displayed on the simplified PDA
`embodiment accompanied by Simplified background com
`menSurate with a lesser level of detail. The System compo
`nents can be modular, with regular addition of new and
`different internal databases through updated memory mod
`ules and devices and external databases through wired and
`wireless data communications links to other CAMLS sys
`tems and users, external databases and Software tools, and
`communication Service centers. Any desired level of infor
`mation can be displayed in association with the correlated
`printed maps depicting Surface features in greater or lesser
`amounts of detail.
`The selectivity and modularity of the CAMLS system are
`important features of the invention permitting implementa
`tion of the invention from the simplest PDA's to effective
`desktop PC/EC systems workstations, and mainframes. The
`invention permits the CAMLS user to display on a displayed
`grid quadrangle whatever Subject matter and