`
`McGraw-Hill Dictionary of
`CHEMICAL TERMS
`
`
`Toronto
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`
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`Sybil P. Parker
`EDITOR IN CHIEF
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`Mcan-Hlll Book Company
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`New York
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`St. Louis
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`San Francisco
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`Auckland Bogota Guatemala Hamburg
`Lisbon
`London Madrid Mexico
`Montreal New Delhi
`Panama
`Paris
`San Juan
`Séo Paulo
`Singapore
`Sydney
`Tokyo
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`Page 1 of 3
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`Tianma Exhibit 1011
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`Editorial Staff
`
`
`
`Sybil P. Pflkfl, Editor in Chief
`
`Jonathan Well. Editor
`Betty Richmon. Editor
`Edward J. Fox, Art director
`J00 FIulk, Editing manager
`Frank Kotowekl, Jr., Editing supervisor
`
`Fort Dietrick, Maryland. CHEMISTRY.
`
`
`Consultin and Contributing Editors
`from the
`raw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms
`
`
`Prat. George S. Bonn—Formerly, Graduate School
`of Library Science, University of Illinois. LIBRARY
`CONSULTANT.
`
`Prot. Roland H. Good, JI'.—-Department of Physics,
`Pennsylvania State University. PHYSICS.
`
`Dr. Charles Watt—State Department of Education
`of Missouri. CHEMISTRY.
`
`Dr. Leonard Sporo—Walter Reed Hospital Unit,
`
`On the cover: Photomicrograph of potassium nitrate under high
`pressure, a specimen contained in a diamond-anvil high-pressure
`cell. (National Bureau of Standards)
`
`McGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY OF CHEMICAL TERMS
`The material in this Dictionary has been published previously in
`the McCRAW-HILL DICTIONARY 0F SCIENTIFIC AND
`TECHNICAL TERMS, Third Edition, copyright © 1984 by
`McCraw—Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Philippines copyright
`1984 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. Printed in the United States of
`America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright
`Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
`distributed in any form or by any means. or stored in a data base
`or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the
`publisheri
`
`67890 FGFG 9987654
`
`ISBN 0-07-DHSHl7-5
`
`Library of Congress Catalog‘ng in Publication Data
`
`McCraw-Hill dictionary of chemical terms.
`
`1. Parker, Sybil P.
`1. Chemistry—Dictionaries.
`11. McGraw-Hill Book Company.
`QD5.M35G 1985
`540'.3'21
`ISBN 0-07-0454115
`
`85-11696
`
`
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`368
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`red ocher
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`rod ocher See ferric oxide.
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`rodox potential Voltage difference at an inert electrode immersed in a reversible oxi-
`dation-reduction system; measurement of the state of oxidation of the system. Also
`known as oxidation-reduction potential.
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`rcdox potentlornotry Use of neutral electrode probes to measure the solution potential.
`developed as the result of an oxidation or reduction reaction.
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`rodox system A chemical system in which reduction and oxidation (redox) reactions
`occur.
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`redox lltl'a‘tlon A titration characterized by the transfer of electrons from one substance
`to another (from the reductant to the oxidant) with the end point determined ool- ’
`orimetrically or potentiometrically.
`rod phosphorus An allotropic form of the element hosphorus; violet-red, amorphous
`powder subliming at 416“C, igniting at 260°; inso uble in all solvents; nonpoisonous.
`rod potassium chromatin See potassium dichromate.
`red potassium prusslate See potassium ferricyanide.
`rod proclpltato See mercuric oxide.
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`red prussiate of potash See potassium ferricyanide.
`rod prusslm of soda See sodium ferricyanide.
`rod tetrazollum See triphenyltetrazolium chloride.
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`reducer See reducing agent. A fitting having a larger size at one end than at the other
`and threaded inside, unless speci cally flanged or for some special joint.
`reducing agent Also known as reducer.
`l. A material that adds hydrogen to an element
`or compound. 2. A material that adds an electron to an element or compound, that
`is, decreases the positiveness of its valence.
`roduclng ltrnosphore An atmosphere of hydrogen (or other substance that readily
`provides electrons) surrounding a chemical reaction or physical device; the fleet is 7
`the opposite to that of an oxidizing atmosphere.
`reducing flame A flame having excess fuel and being capable of chemical retro-0n.
`such as extracting oxygen from a metallic oxide.
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`resolvlng power
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`369
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`Mom-icky reaction A condensation-type reaction between ketones and a-bromoal—
`iphatic acids in the presence of zinc or magnesium, such as RICO + BrCHn-COOR
`+ Zn—r (ZnO-HBr) + R,C(0H)cn,cooa.
`Mnciory hard metals True chemical compounds composed of two or more metals in
`the crystalline form, and having a very high melting point and high hardness.
`Mrigonnt 23 See fluorol'orm.
`rug-imam A solution whose purpose is to restore the activity of an ion-exchange bed.
`_’ I'Igloooloctlvc Pertainin to a chemical reaction which favors a single
`sitional or
`structural isomer, lea ing to its yield being greater than that of the 0 er products
`in the reaction. Sometimes known as regiospecific.
`ngiospoclflc 1. Referring to a chemical reaction which has the potential of yielding
`two or more structural isomers, but actually produces only one. 2. See regioselec-
`tive.
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`Ruched-Moll“ number An indicator of the measure of volatile soluble fatty acids.
`rim-Mann reaction Formation of henolic aldehydes by reaction of phenol with
`chloroform in the presence of an alkali.
`'Rolnookc's ”It [(NHQ,Cr(SCN)JNl-i.-H20 A reagent to detect mercury (gives a red
`color or a precipitate). and to isolate organic bases (such as proline or histidine).
`Mach test A test for detecting small amounts of arsenic. silver, bismuth, and mer-
`cury.
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`relative tug-city The ratio of the fugacity in a given state to the fugacity in a defined
`standard state.
`I
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`spectral lines of nearly equal wavelength, equal to the average wavelength of two
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`roiaiiva stability lost A color test using methylene blue that indicates when the oxygen
`present in a sewage plant’s ellluent or polluted water is exhausted.
`rlililvo volatility The volatility of a standard material whose relative volatility is by
`definition equal to unity.
`relaxed peak prooesu See quasi—fission.
`"Money Ability to repel water, or being hydrophobic; opposite to water wettability.
`Inflation The formation of a faithful mold or replica oi‘a solid that is thin enough tor
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`penetration by an electron microscope beam; can use plastic (such as collodion) or
`vacuum deposition (such as of carbon or metals) to make the mold.
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`tentially free aldehyde
`roduclng sugar Any of the sugars that because of their free or
`. mophenone See 2,4'-dihydroxyacetophenonc.
`or ketone groups. possess the property of readily reducing kaline solutions of many 3
`,-
`metallic salts such as copper, silver, or bismuth; examples are the monosaccharida’
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`mmophonono See benzoresorcinol.
`and most of the disaccharides, including maltose and lactose.
`Min Any of a class of solid or semisolid organic products of natural or synthetic origin
`”diction 1. Reaction of hydrogen with another substance. 2. Chemical reaction.
`with no definite melting point. generally of high molecular weight; most resins are
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`which an element gains an electron (has a decrease in positive valence).
`polymers.
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`reduction cell A vessel in which aqueous solutions of salts or fused salts are-”v;
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`ruin oi copper See cuprous chloride.
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`electrolytically.
`7
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`' mlnography Science of resins. polymers. plastics, and their products; includes study
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`of morphology, structure, and other characteristics relatable to composition or treat
`reductlon potential The potential drop involved in the reduction of a positively charged " "
`ment.
`ion to a neutral form or to a less highly charged ion, or of a neutral atom to I
`negatively charged ion.
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`Morena electrode A nonpolarizable electrode that generates highly reproducible p0-.
`tentials; used for pH measurements and polarographic analyses; examples are the '
`calomel electrode. silver-silver chloride electrode, and mercury pool.
`reflectance spectrophotometry Measurement of the ratio of spectral radiant flux- ..
`flected from a light-dilfusing specimen to that reflected horn a light-diffusing,
`, ,,
`substituted for the specimen.
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`. mlnold A thermosetting synthetic resin either in its initial (temporarily fusible) or in
`its final (infusible) state.
`tulle See C-stage resin.
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`_ruoiui|on See resolving power.
`‘ ”solving power A measure of the ability of a spectroscope or interferometer to separate
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