United States Patent [19J
`Bedford-Roberts
`
`[54] PAGE TURNING FACILITY
`
`[75]
`
`Inventor: James Bedford-Roberts, Bristol,
`United Kingdom
`
`[73] Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Company, Palo Alto,
`Calif.
`
`[21] Appl. No.:
`
`765,805
`
`[22] PCT Filed:
`
`Jul. 28, 1994
`
`[86] PCT No.:
`
`PCT/GB94/01629
`
`§ 371 Date:
`
`Jan. 9, 1997
`
`§ 102(e) Date: Jan. 9, 1997
`
`[87] PCT Pub. No.: WO96/03698
`
`PCT Pub. Date: Feb. 8, 1996
`
`Int. Cl.6
`...................................................... G06F 15/00
`[51]
`[52] U.S. Cl. .......................... 345/350; 345/348; 345/173;
`345/177
`[58] Field of Search ..................................... 345/348, 349,
`345/350, 173, 177
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`I 1111111111111111 11111 111111111111111 11111 11111 1111111111 111111111111111111
`US005870092A
`[11] Patent Number:
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`5,870,092
`Feb. 9, 1999
`
`5,237,651
`5,367,623
`5,463,725
`5,632,022
`
`8/1993 Randall ................................... 345/350
`11/1994 Iwai et al. ............................... 345/350
`10/1995 Henckel et al.
`........................ 345/350
`5/1997 Warren et al. .......................... 345/350
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`9208182
`
`5/1992 WIPO .
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 36, No. 8, Aug.
`1993, New York US pp. 237-239, XP390208.
`'Page Flipping for User Interfaces' see the whole document.
`
`Primary Examiner-Huynh Ba
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A device for storing information electronically and which
`has a pen-sensitive screen enabling a user to make freehand
`input has the screen divided into two areas-a main area and
`a subsidiary area adjacent the main area.
`
`The user can tag items of freehand input causing a tag item
`to be displayed alongside the freehand input and can sub(cid:173)
`sequently manipulate (eg delete, move, copy) the freehand
`input by selecting and manipulating the associated tag item.
`
`Tag items provide a permanent way of structuring data and
`are an elegant way of uniting several data manipulations.
`
`4,855,725
`5,199,104
`
`8/1989 Fernandez ............................... 345/173
`3/1993 Hirayama ................................ 345/350
`
`24 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets
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`10
`~
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`12
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`16
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`D
`D
`~
`G(cid:173)u
`1 NEW)[ DEL 1 ~ ll
`◊
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`jCOPY]ITEARl[STICKI
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`18
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`GOOGLE EXHIBIT 1008
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`Page 1 of 6
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`U.S. Patent
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`Feb. 9, 1999
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`Sheet 1 of 2
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`5,870,092
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`10
`~
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`12
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`16
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`D
`D
`D
`8
`[?
`[}
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`[ NEW)( DEL l /~
`@PYJfTEAR)[STICKj ...--. ~ .__
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`18
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`FIG. I
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`U.S. Patent
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`Feb. 9, 1999
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`Sheet 2 of 2
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`5,870,092
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`34
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`26
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`36
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`22
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`21
`~
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`28
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`30
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`24
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`FIG. 2
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`5,870,092
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`1
`PAGE TURNING FACILITY
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`
`The present invention relates to devices for displaying
`pages of electronically stored information. The present
`invention relates particularly, but not exclusively, to hand(cid:173)
`held computer devices with a pen/stylus for user input and
`a relatively small display screen.
`
`BACKGROUND ART
`
`2
`symbol. This arrow informs novice users of the function of
`the open book symbol.
`In order to make best use of limited screen size in a
`handheld device, the symbol is situated beside, rather than
`5 on, a display screen of the device.
`Alternatively, means are provided enabling a user to select
`a position relative to the symbol so as to cause a page at a
`corresponding position in the sequence of stored electronic
`information to be displayed.
`
`10
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
`
`A particular embodiment of the present invention will
`now be described, by way of example, with reference to the
`accompanying drawings in which:
`FIG. 1 is a diagram of a device according to the present
`invention;
`FIG. 2 shows a symbol depicting an open book.
`
`BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE
`INVENTION & INDUSTRIALAPPLICABILITY
`
`Known pen-based handheld devices for displaying pages
`of electronically stored information have used a variety of
`ways to facilitate page turning. One of these, the Amstrad
`'PenPad', has a small screen with forward and backward 15
`facing arrows displayed next to the screen. The user can turn
`pages in the desired direction by touching the arrows.
`Holding the pen down achieves a constant predetermined
`page turning rate allowing the user to 'riffle' rapidly through
`pages in succession, although without being able to control 20
`the page turning rate.
`Another known device is the Sharp 'Action Manager'
`which is another pen-based handheld device in which pages
`are displayed with turned up corners. On tapping such a
`corner with the pen, the page turns. There is no mechanism 25
`for riffling rapidly through pages.
`Neither of these devices provides a naturalistic page
`turning facility.
`Many word processing packages support a vertical scroll
`bar which scrolls through pages of electronically stored
`information as if they were attached top to bottom and this
`is also the approach used in the Tandy 'Zoomer' which is
`another pen-based handheld device. The disadvantage of
`this approach is that the scroll bar takes up screen space,
`which is a particular disadvantage for small screen devices.
`If there is no scroll block, the scroll facility is tantamount to
`a pair of arrows similar to the arrangement in the Amstrad
`PenPad.
`
`35
`
`30
`
`FIG. 1 depicts a pen-based handheld device 10 for storing
`and displaying pages of electronic information comprising a
`display screen 12 and a pen 14 for user input. The device 10
`also comprises buttons 16 for various functions (not relevant
`to the present invention) and a book symbol 18 for enabling
`users to browse pages of stored information.
`FIG. 2 shows the symbol 18 in more detail. The symbol
`18 is attached to the casing of the device 10. Electro(cid:173)
`magnetic sensors (not shown) are positioned within the
`casing and are spaced around the casing so as to sense
`movement of the pen on the screen 12 and on the off-screen
`buttons 16. An alternative to electromagnetic sensors would
`be pressure sensors.
`The symbol 18 is notionally divided into three segments
`20, 21 and 22, the boundaries between which are indicated
`by dotted lines in FIG. 2. The symbol 18 includes a
`40 representation 24 of an open book and a double-headed
`arrow 26. The left hand head 28 of the arrow 26 is in the
`region 20 and the right hand head 30 of the arrow is in the
`region 22. The book representation 24 and the body 34 of the
`arrow 26 are in the region 21. The software which handles
`45 data representing the signals from the pen sensors divides
`the symbol into the three regions 20, 21 and 22.
`The book representation 24 comprises page delimiters 36
`which are ridges formed in the symbol 18 which the user can
`feel as the pen 14 is moved over the symbol 18.
`In use, as the user moves the pen 14 along the body 34 of
`the arrow, or indeed anywhere within the region 21, suc(cid:173)
`cessive pages of stored information are displayed, depend(cid:173)
`ing on the direction of movement along the arrow body 34.
`As a page delimiter 36 is traversed by the pen 14, the next
`page in the direction of movement of the pen 14 is displayed.
`If the user taps one of the arrow heads 28 or 30, this causes
`the device 10 to display the next page in the direction
`indicated by the tapped arrow head. The device is configured
`so that a single tap anywhere in the regions 20 or 22 is
`60 interpreted as a tap on the respective arrow head 28 or 30.
`In order to riffle through a large number of pages of stored
`information, the user repeatedly moves the pen 14 in a single
`direction in the region 21 over the body 34 of the arrow 26.
`An example pseudo-code implementation of the above(cid:173)
`described embodiment is as follows:
`
`DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
`
`According to the present invention we provide a device
`for displaying pages of electronically stored information
`comprising a pen/finger sensitive symbol enabling a user to
`browse the information by page turning wherein the symbol
`has page delimiters and the device is configured so that
`traversal of a page delimiter causes a predetermined number
`of pages to be turned.
`The provision of page delimiters has the advantage of
`allowing the user greater control over page turning. The user 50
`can stroke the symbol repeatedly to riffle through pages and
`the rate of page turning is under direct user control. In order
`to make best use of limited screen size in a handheld device,
`the symbol is situated outside the active area of the display
`screen of the device.
`Preferably, the predetermined number of pages is one so
`that a single page is turned on traversal of each page
`delimiter.
`Preferably, traversal of a page delimiter causes tactile
`feedback to be provided to the user. For example, in a
`pen-based device the page delimiters may be ridges or
`indentations so that these can be felt by the user when
`traversed by the pen.
`In the embodiment to be described, the symbol depicts an 65
`open book. Preferably, there is an arrow overlaying the book
`
`55
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`3
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`4
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`5,870,092
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`/* one of: OVER_LEFr_ARROW_HEAD,
`State myState;
`OVER_RIGHr_ARROW_HEAD, OVER_ARROW_BODY */
`/* Last recorded position when rippling * /
`Position myLastPosition;
`When_pen_down_over_book_icon(position){
`if( over_left_arrow _head(position))
`myState - OVER_LEFr_ARROW_HEAD;
`if( over_right_arrow _head(position))
`myState - OVER_RIGHr_ARROW_HEAD;
`if( over_arrow _body(position)){
`myState - OVER_ARROW _BODY;
`
`myLastPosition = position;
`book_icon_grab_pen_focus( ); /* send future pen events to routines below ... * /
`
`}
`When_pen_dragged_and_book_icon_has_focus(position){
`/* Check whether user has moved onto arrow body from LEFT or RIGHT
`arrowheads * /
`if((myState -- OVER_LEFr_ARROW_HEAD) or (mysState. -(cid:173)
`OVER_RIGHr_ARROW_HEAD)){
`if(over_arrow_body(position)) mystate - OVER_ARROW_BODY;
`
`}
`if(myState -- OVER_ARROW _BODY){
`intpages - page_edges_crossed(position, myLastPosition));
`if(pages <0 or pages >0) do_ripple(pages );
`myLastPosition = position;
`
`}
`When_pen_is_raised_and_book_icon_has_focus(position){
`if(myState -- OVER_LEFr_ARROW_HEAD) turn_back_one_page( );
`if(myState -- OVER_RIGHr_ARROW _HEAD) turn_forward_one_page( );
`release_pen_focus( );
`
`30
`
`35
`
`In the code example above, the symbol 18 is sensed as a
`rectangular region subdivided into the three smaller rectan(cid:173)
`gular regions 20, 21 and 22 representing (LEFT_
`ARROW _HEADIARROW _BODYIRIGHT_ARROW _
`HEAD).
`The device 10 may be configured so that pages are riffled
`in one-to-one correspondence with page delimiters being
`traversed. Alternatively, successive pages may be displayed
`when the pen 14 is moved a predetermined distance along
`the arrow body 34. In this way a variable scaling factor can 40
`be used for riffling through pages of electronically stored
`information. The scaling factor may vary automatically
`according to the number of pages stored.
`The above-described embodiment allows riffling to con(cid:173)
`tinue even if the pen 14 is dragged outside the region 21 of
`the symbol 18. The movement of the pen can still be sensed
`in the region just outside the symbol 18.
`A further modification is for the user to be able to jump
`to a position in the collection of stored pages by tapping the
`pen 14 (or using some other defined gesture) on the corre(cid:173)
`sponding part of the book representation 34. In other words,
`if the pen is tapped over the arrow body it may turn the book
`to a page corresponding to that percentage of the distance
`through the book. For example, by tapping the pen 14 on the
`middle of the book representation 34, the device 10 causes 55
`the page in the middle of the collection of stored pages to be
`displayed. In this case pages need only be turned in response
`to a pen-up movement over the book-icon. Pseudo-code for
`implementing this modification is as follows:
`
`-continued
`
`offset - distance_from_left_edge_of_arrow_body(position);
`page - offset * total_number_of_pages( )/
`ARROW _BODY_ WIDTH;
`turn_to_page(page)
`
`Although 1t 1s desirable in a small-screen device not to
`clutter the screen with icons, the symbol 18 could be
`implemented as an on-screen icon if desired.
`The symbol 18 is positioned off-screen so as not to clutter
`the screen with icons. In some devices, the screen may have
`a marginal, non-active area and the symbol may be posi-
`45 tioned there rather than on the device casing.
`I claim:
`1. A device for displaying pages of electronically stored
`information comprising a static symbol situated outside the
`active display area for enabling a user to browse the infor(cid:173)
`mation in a page turning mode, wherein the symbol has a
`50 plurality of page delimiters, the device being configured so
`that traversal of each page delimiter causes a predetermined
`number of pages to be turned.
`2. A device according to claim 1 wherein the predeter(cid:173)
`mined number is one.
`3. A device according to claim 1 wherein traversal of a
`page delimiter causes tactile feedback to be provided to the
`user.
`4. A device according to claim 3 wherein the page
`delimiters are ridges.
`5. A device according to claim 3 wherein the page
`delimiters are indentations.
`6. A device according to claim 1 wherein the symbol
`depicts an open book.
`7. A device according to claim 1 wherein the symbol is
`65 situated beside a display screen of the device.
`8. A device according to claim 1 comprising means
`enabling a user to select a position relative to the symbol so
`
`60
`
`When_pen_up_over_book_icon(position){
`if( over_left_arrow _head)position))
`turn_back_one_page( );
`if( over_right_arrow _head(position))
`turn_forward_one_page;
`if( over_arrow _body(position)){
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`5,870,092
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`5
`as to cause a page at a corresponding pos1t10n in the
`sequence of stored electronic information to be displayed.
`9. A device according to claim 2 wherein traversal of a
`page delimiter causes tactile feedback to be provided to the
`user.
`10. A device according to claim 2 wherein the symbol
`depicts an open book.
`11. A device according to claim 3 wherein the symbol
`depicts an open book.
`12. A device according to claim 4 wherein the symbol
`depicts an open book.
`13. A device according to claim 5 wherein the symbol
`depicts an open book.
`14. A device according to claim 2 wherein the symbol is
`situated beside a display screen of the device.
`15. A device according to claim 3 wherein the symbol is
`situated beside a display screen of the device.
`16. A device according to claim 4 wherein the symbol is
`situated beside a display screen of the device.
`17. A device according to claim 5 wherein the symbol is 20
`situated beside a display screen of the device.
`18. A device according to claim 6 wherein the symbol is
`situated beside a display screen of the device.
`19. A device according to claim 2 comprising means
`enabling a user to select a position relative to the symbol so
`
`6
`as to cause a page at a corresponding pos1t10n in the
`sequence of stored electronic information to be displayed.
`20. A device according to claim 3 comprising means
`enabling a user to select a position relative to the symbol so
`5 as to cause a page at a corresponding position in the
`sequence of stored electronic information to be displayed.
`21. A device according to claim 4 comprising means
`enabling a user to select a position relative to the symbol so
`as to cause a page at a corresponding position in the
`10 sequence of stored electronic information to be displayed.
`22. A device according to claim 5 comprising means
`enabling a user to select a position relative to the symbol so
`as to cause a page at a corresponding position in the
`15 sequence of stored electronic information to be displayed.
`23. A device according to claim 6 comprising means
`enabling a user to select a position relative to the symbol so
`as to cause a page at a corresponding position in the
`sequence of stored electronic information to be displayed.
`24. A device according to claim 7 comprising means
`enabling a user to select a position relative to the symbol so
`as to cause a page at a corresponding position in the
`sequence of stored electronic information to be displayed.
`
`* * * * *
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