throbber
0
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`(cid:8)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:12)(cid:15)(cid:2)(cid:10)(cid:6)(cid:13)(cid:42)
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`4,579,618
`[11] Patent Number:
`United States Patent
`[19]
`(cid:19)(cid:35)(cid:37)(cid:4)(cid:42) (cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:42) (cid:7)(cid:16)(cid:14)(cid:11)(cid:42)
`(cid:1)(cid:56)(cid:57)(cid:3) (cid:21)(cid:25)(cid:39)(cid:27)(cid:42) (cid:34)(cid:28)(cid:42)(cid:24)(cid:25)(cid:39)(cid:27)(cid:33)(cid:40)(cid:18)
`(cid:20)(cid:27)(cid:30)(cid:27)(cid:38)(cid:39)(cid:29)(cid:32)(cid:34)(cid:42)(cid:27)(cid:39)(cid:42)(cid:25)(cid:30)(cid:5)(cid:42)
`
`Celestino et al.
`[45] Date of Patent:
`Apr. 1, 1986
`
`[54] PLASMA REACTOR APPARATUS
`(cid:98)(cid:57)(cid:54)(cid:4)(cid:209) (cid:64)(cid:58)(cid:39)(cid:67)(cid:59)(cid:39)(cid:135)(cid:66)(cid:49)(cid:39)(cid:44)(cid:61)(cid:66)(cid:135)(cid:39)(cid:64)(cid:64)(cid:39)(cid:66)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:67)
`.
`(cid:99)(cid:59)(cid:57)(cid:102)
`(cid:83)(cid:159)(cid:200)(cid:115)(cid:161)(cid:185)(cid:162)(cid:170)(cid:181)(cid:62)(cid:209) (cid:67)(cid:77)(cid:102)(cid:131)(cid:77)(cid:127)(cid:112)(cid:118)(cid:84)(cid:135)(cid:39)(cid:7)(cid:135)(cid:42)(cid:84)(cid:103)(cid:84)(cid:122)(cid:123)(cid:94)(cid:107)(cid:113)(cid:1)(cid:135)(cid:87)(cid:162)(cid:200)(cid:103)(cid:189)(cid:162)(cid:64)
`[75]
`Inventors: Salvatore A. Celestine, Novato;
`(cid:54)(cid:84)(cid:113)(cid:118)(cid:90)(cid:87)(cid:135)(cid:85)(cid:21)(cid:209)(cid:54)(cid:113)(cid:118)(cid:95)(cid:108)(cid:2)(cid:135)(cid:89)(cid:142)(cid:159)(cid:162)(cid:146)(cid:115)(cid:65)(cid:209)(cid:67)(cid:124)(cid:85)(cid:116)(cid:92)(cid:85)(cid:109)(cid:135)(cid:50)(cid:8)
`Georges .1. Gorin, Pinole; Stephen E.
`Hilliker; Gary B. Powell, both of
`(cid:56)(cid:96)(cid:76)(cid:101)(cid:85)(cid:118)(cid:36)(cid:135)(cid:55)(cid:77)(cid:119)(cid:134)(cid:135)(cid:73)(cid:22)(cid:209)(cid:64)(cid:112)(cid:132)(cid:84)(cid:105)(cid:103)(cid:3)(cid:135)(cid:108)(cid:163)(cid:186)(cid:131)(cid:209)(cid:163)(cid:120)(cid:209)
`(cid:89)(cid:115)(cid:196)(cid:103)(cid:146)(cid:197)(cid:155)(cid:104)(cid:7)(cid:209)(cid:103)(cid:147)(cid:147)(cid:209)(cid:162)(cid:120)(cid:209)(cid:74)(cid:103)(cid:147)(cid:133)(cid:121)(cid:29)(cid:209)
`Petaluma, all of Calif.
`.
`-
`i
`(cid:98)(cid:59)(cid:52)(cid:5)(cid:209) (cid:72)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:136)(cid:130)(cid:159)(cid:115)(cid:115)(cid:62)(cid:209) (cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:90)(cid:77)(cid:103)(cid:135)(cid:42)(cid:113)(cid:118)(cid:116)(cid:113)(cid:119)(cid:77)(cid:129)(cid:94)(cid:113)(cid:107)(cid:4)(cid:135)(cid:87)(cid:162)(cid:201)(cid:104)(cid:187)(cid:162)(cid:8)(cid:209)(cid:74)(cid:104)(cid:147)(cid:138)(cid:122)(cid:26)(cid:209)
`Tegal Corporation, Novato, Calif.
`[73] Assignee:
`21
`A 1. No.2 665 098
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`[
`1
`pp
`’
`(cid:2)(cid:51)(cid:51)(cid:5) (cid:79)(cid:138)(cid:147)(cid:115)(cid:114)(cid:62)
`(cid:62)(cid:80)(cid:125)(cid:8)(cid:135)(cid:21)(cid:34)(cid:6)(cid:135) (cid:18)(cid:35)(cid:33)(cid:24)(cid:135)
`[22] F'ledi
`0‘1 29, 1984
`
`(cid:2)(cid:57)(cid:43)(cid:5)
`[51]
`
`Related US. Application Data
`(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:102)(cid:77)(cid:126)(cid:84)(cid:81)(cid:135)(cid:75)(cid:9)(cid:67)(cid:10)(cid:135)(cid:39)(cid:117)(cid:116)(cid:106)(cid:100)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:127)(cid:95)(cid:114)(cid:107)(cid:135)(cid:48)(cid:77)(cid:128)(cid:77)(cid:135)
`(cid:98)(cid:58)(cid:52)(cid:102) (cid:73)(cid:115)(cid:113)(cid:124)(cid:101)(cid:111)(cid:125)(cid:84)(cid:120)(cid:102)(cid:115)(cid:111)(cid:129)(cid:115)(cid:100)(cid:129)(cid:78)(cid:95)(cid:118)(cid:9)(cid:129) (cid:77)(cid:115)(cid:10)(cid:129) (cid:64)(cid:66)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:63)(cid:72)(cid:2)(cid:129)(cid:75)(cid:85)(cid:112)(cid:11)(cid:129)(cid:65)(cid:3)(cid:129) (cid:41)(cid:71)(cid:70)(cid:58)(cid:4)(cid:129)(cid:86)(cid:91)(cid:87)(cid:111)(cid:128)
`Continuation of Ser. No. 568,859. Jan. 6. 1984, aban-
`[63]
`cloned.
`(cid:93)(cid:115)(cid:111)(cid:96)(cid:93)(cid:12)
`(cid:57)(cid:110)(cid:123)(cid:11)(cid:135)(cid:75)(cid:147)(cid:23)(cid:55)(cid:209) (cid:28)(cid:29)(cid:28)(cid:28)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:36)(cid:26)(cid:36)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:25)(cid:28)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:24)(cid:209) (cid:41)(cid:26)(cid:42)(cid:135)(cid:19)(cid:15)(cid:22)(cid:22)(cid:37)(cid:135)(cid:74)(cid:39)(cid:52)(cid:74)(cid:209) (cid:44)(cid:57)(cid:38)(cid:39)(cid:39)(cid:67)(cid:209)
`Int Cl 4
`B44C 1/22, C03C 15/00,
`'
`'
`------------------- C03C 25/06- C23F 1/02’
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`(cid:2)(cid:57)(cid:51)(cid:5) (cid:74)(cid:10)(cid:67)(cid:12)(cid:135)(cid:75)(cid:147)(cid:23)(cid:209)(cid:25)(cid:25)(cid:25)(cid:26)(cid:36)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:30)(cid:31)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:32)(cid:26)(cid:37)(cid:36)(cid:25)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:25)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:33)(cid:36)(cid:25)(cid:25)(cid:25)(cid:28)(cid:209)(cid:20)(cid:28)(cid:31)(cid:16)(cid:23)(cid:25)(cid:29)(cid:38)(cid:135) (cid:45)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:38)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:52)(cid:67)(cid:209)
`[52] US. Cl. .................................... 156/335‘ 156/643-
`156/646- 204/298‘ 504/192 E
`(cid:40)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:38)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:58)(cid:67)(cid:209)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:54)(cid:38)(cid:51)(cid:61)(cid:60)(cid:68)(cid:209)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:38)(cid:46)(cid:61)(cid:51)(cid:209)(cid:77)(cid:209)
`(cid:2)(cid:57)(cid:60)(cid:5) (cid:52)(cid:97)(cid:84)(cid:104)(cid:82)(cid:135)(cid:115)(cid:88)(cid:135)(cid:67)(cid:84)(cid:79)(cid:121)(cid:80)(cid:93)(cid:135) (cid:36)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:34)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:26)(cid:35)(cid:36)(cid:26)(cid:36)(cid:37)(cid:27)(cid:26)(cid:37)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:25)(cid:36)(cid:209) (cid:47)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:38)(cid:52)(cid:56)(cid:57)(cid:9)(cid:209)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:52)(cid:10)(cid:209)(cid:58)(cid:54)(cid:58)(cid:67)(cid:209)
`[58] Field of Search ....................'... 156/345, 643, 646;
`(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:38)(cid:48)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:11)(cid:209)(cid:46)(cid:61)(cid:51)(cid:209)(cid:78)(cid:74)(cid:11)(cid:209)(cid:46)(cid:61)(cid:51)(cid:209)(cid:77)(cid:12)(cid:209)(cid:51)(cid:61)(cid:60)(cid:69)(cid:209) (cid:49)(cid:48)(cid:60)(cid:38)(cid:59)(cid:51)(cid:60)(cid:13)(cid:209)(cid:57)(cid:39)(cid:25)(cid:148)(cid:14)(cid:209)
`204/164, 192 EC, 192 E, 298; 118/728, 50.1,
`(cid:58)(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:70)(cid:209)(cid:56)(cid:51)(cid:59)(cid:38)(cid:52)(cid:60)(cid:15)(cid:209)(cid:52)(cid:61)(cid:67)(cid:209)(cid:50)(cid:52)(cid:56)(cid:38)(cid:46)(cid:209)
`620; 427/38, 39; 134/1
`,
`(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:89)(cid:84)(cid:120)(cid:85)(cid:111)(cid:80)(cid:84)(cid:122)(cid:135)(cid:42)(cid:97)(cid:129)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:135)
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`(cid:75)(cid:13)(cid:67)(cid:14)(cid:135) (cid:65)(cid:40)(cid:69)(cid:51)(cid:60)(cid:70)(cid:135)(cid:46)(cid:63)(cid:43)(cid:75)(cid:59)(cid:51)(cid:60)(cid:71)(cid:67)(cid:135)
`4,298.419 11/1981 Suzuki et a1.
`................... 204/298 X
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`
`(cid:100)(cid:209)(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:5)(cid:209)
`[56]
`
`4,316,791
`2/1982 Taillet
`156/345 X
`(cid:58)(cid:6)(cid:56)(cid:44)(cid:65)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:72)(cid:42)(cid:129) (cid:52)(cid:39)(cid:44)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:51)(cid:129) (cid:80)(cid:85)(cid:104)(cid:109)(cid:109)(cid:98)(cid:122)(cid:129) (cid:16)(cid:16)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:14)(cid:12)(cid:14)(cid:28)(cid:29)(cid:25)(cid:9)(cid:14)(cid:14)(cid:12)(cid:13)(cid:13)(cid:30)(cid:22)(cid:15)(cid:22)(cid:15)(cid:16)(cid:13)(cid:16)(cid:13)(cid:27)(cid:16)(cid:9)(cid:13)(cid:129) (cid:42)(cid:64)(cid:65)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:58)(cid:63)(cid:129)(cid:81)(cid:129)
`4,352,725 10/1982 Tsukada
`.. 156/34SX
`
`(cid:58)(cid:4)(cid:56)(cid:63)(cid:53)(cid:7)(cid:69)(cid:55)(cid:64)(cid:129) (cid:48)(cid:40)(cid:39)(cid:44)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:54)(cid:129) (cid:80)(cid:119)(cid:126)(cid:107)(cid:85)(cid:94)(cid:85)(cid:129) (cid:17)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:13)(cid:12)(cid:18)(cid:12)(cid:12)(cid:13)(cid:13)(cid:12)(cid:17)(cid:9)(cid:17)(cid:12)(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:9)(cid:31)(cid:32)(cid:31)(cid:17)(cid:32)(cid:18)(cid:12)(cid:129) (cid:42)(cid:64)(cid:65)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:60)(cid:63)(cid:129)(cid:82)(cid:129)
`4,411,733 10/1983 Mackfin ct
`.
`156/345 X
`(cid:61)(cid:8)(cid:60)(cid:42)(cid:49)(cid:6)(cid:68)(cid:56)(cid:56)(cid:129) (cid:44)(cid:40)(cid:39)(cid:44)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:56)(cid:129) (cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:92)(cid:108)(cid:110)(cid:105)(cid:111)(cid:129)(cid:99)(cid:123)(cid:129)(cid:90)(cid:109)(cid:16)(cid:129)(cid:12)(cid:32)(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:32)(cid:17)(cid:18)(cid:32)(cid:18)(cid:18)(cid:32)(cid:31)(cid:11)(cid:9)(cid:17)(cid:129)(cid:43)(cid:64)(cid:65)(cid:39)(cid:56)(cid:62)(cid:64)(cid:129)(cid:83)(cid:129)
`4,464,223
`8/1984 Gorin .................................. 156/643
`(cid:59)(cid:8)(cid:58)(cid:65)(cid:58)(cid:5)(cid:53)(cid:52)(cid:56)(cid:129) (cid:70)(cid:39)(cid:43)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:60)(cid:129) (cid:74)(cid:115)(cid:118)(cid:104)(cid:111)(cid:129)(cid:22)(cid:9)(cid:13)(cid:18)(cid:31)(cid:9)(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:18)(cid:14)(cid:17)(cid:14)(cid:9)(cid:33)(cid:34)(cid:12)(cid:12)(cid:14)(cid:35)(cid:17)(cid:12)(cid:9)(cid:36)(cid:12)(cid:12)(cid:22)(cid:9)(cid:23)(cid:20)(cid:9)(cid:12)(cid:37)(cid:23)(cid:9)(cid:129)(cid:44)(cid:64)(cid:65)(cid:39)(cid:65)(cid:58)(cid:56)(cid:129)
`(cid:79)(cid:88)(cid:91)(cid:77)(cid:83)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:209)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:93)(cid:77)(cid:87)(cid:94)(cid:209)(cid:76)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:95)(cid:86)(cid:77)(cid:87)(cid:94)(cid:92)(cid:209)
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`0033839
`4/1981
`J
`156/643
`(cid:40)(cid:40)(cid:56)(cid:56)(cid:70)(cid:56)(cid:72)(cid:129) (cid:59)(cid:39)(cid:44)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:45)(cid:129) (cid:75)(cid:88)(cid:116)(cid:85)(cid:113)(cid:129)(cid:17)(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:9)(cid:31)(cid:9)(cid:16)(cid:13)(cid:12)(cid:32)(cid:38)(cid:9)(cid:13)(cid:18)(cid:17)(cid:13)(cid:13)(cid:13)(cid:13)(cid:13)(cid:9)(cid:31)(cid:18)(cid:31)(cid:17)(cid:9)(cid:12)(cid:12)(cid:12)(cid:14)(cid:21)(cid:12)(cid:12)(cid:14)(cid:14)(cid:129) (cid:46)(cid:63)(cid:66)(cid:39)(cid:66)(cid:58)(cid:57)(cid:129)
`0186937 11/1983 1:52: .
`(cid:40)(cid:44)(cid:70)(cid:65)(cid:72)(cid:56)(cid:68)(cid:129)(cid:44)(cid:47)(cid:39)(cid:44)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:56)(cid:129) (cid:75)(cid:85)(cid:117)(cid:85)(cid:114)(cid:129) (cid:9)(cid:129)
`Primary Examiner—“’illiam A. Powell
`(cid:9)(cid:31)(cid:18)(cid:26)(cid:12)(cid:34)(cid:41)(cid:7)(cid:39)(cid:12)(cid:26)(cid:19)(cid:28)(cid:15)(cid:31)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:22)(cid:24)(cid:25)(cid:20)(cid:13)(cid:27)(cid:41)(cid:72)(cid:25)(cid:209)(cid:89)(cid:163)(cid:203)(cid:115)(cid:152)(cid:153)(cid:209)
`(cid:6)(cid:35)(cid:37)(cid:30)(cid:33)(cid:16)(cid:40)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:6)(cid:17)(cid:15)(cid:29)(cid:36)(cid:2)(cid:41) (cid:30)(cid:31)(cid:41)(cid:8)(cid:21)(cid:32)(cid:26)(cid:4)(cid:10)(cid:14)(cid:38)(cid:23)(cid:41)(cid:80)(cid:25)(cid:209)(cid:96)(cid:141)(cid:147)(cid:147)(cid:115)(cid:209)
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm—-—Pau1 F. Wille
`(cid:101)(cid:57)(cid:59)(cid:6)(cid:209)
`ABSTRACT
`[57]
`(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:67)(cid:72)(cid:66)(cid:39)(cid:45)(cid:135)
`(cid:90)(cid:147)(cid:103)(cid:181)(cid:156)(cid:103)(cid:209) (cid:165)(cid:171)(cid:162)(cid:110)(cid:115)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:136)(cid:159)(cid:130)(cid:209)(cid:136)(cid:181)(cid:209)(cid:105)(cid:111)(cid:112)(cid:162)(cid:156)(cid:164)(cid:147)(cid:136)(cid:181)(cid:131)(cid:115)(cid:114)(cid:209) (cid:203)(cid:136)(cid:189)(cid:131)(cid:209) (cid:104)(cid:159)(cid:209)(cid:136)(cid:156)(cid:165)(cid:172)(cid:162)(cid:200)(cid:115)(cid:114)(cid:209)
`Plasma processing is accomplished with an improved
`(cid:181)(cid:134)(cid:159)(cid:130)(cid:147)(cid:115)(cid:209)(cid:115)(cid:146)(cid:115)(cid:112)(cid:189)(cid:172)(cid:162)(cid:114)(cid:115)(cid:209)(cid:173)(cid:115)(cid:104)(cid:112)(cid:189)(cid:162)(cid:174)(cid:209)(cid:103)(cid:164)(cid:165)(cid:104)(cid:172)(cid:104)(cid:189)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:27)(cid:209)(cid:82)(cid:141)(cid:130)(cid:131)(cid:209) (cid:103)(cid:159)(cid:114)(cid:209) (cid:147)(cid:162)(cid:203)(cid:209) (cid:127)(cid:115)(cid:16)(cid:209)
`single electrode reactor apparatus. High and low fre-
`(cid:166)(cid:198)(cid:115)(cid:159)(cid:112)(cid:205)(cid:209) (cid:165)(cid:162)(cid:203)(cid:115)(cid:170)(cid:209) (cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:164)(cid:164)(cid:146)(cid:136)(cid:115)(cid:181)(cid:209) (cid:103)(cid:172)(cid:115)(cid:209) (cid:112)(cid:162)(cid:197)(cid:164)(cid:149)(cid:115)(cid:114)(cid:209) (cid:185)(cid:162)(cid:209) (cid:189)(cid:131)(cid:115)(cid:209) (cid:181)(cid:135)(cid:159)(cid:130)(cid:147)(cid:115)(cid:209) (cid:115)(cid:147)(cid:115)(cid:112)(cid:206)
`quency power supplies are coupled to the single elec-
`(cid:189)(cid:171)(cid:162)(cid:114)(cid:115)(cid:209) (cid:187)(cid:162)(cid:209) (cid:165)(cid:171)(cid:162)(cid:202)(cid:138)(cid:114)(cid:115)(cid:209) (cid:136)(cid:159)(cid:112)(cid:173)(cid:115)(cid:104)(cid:181)(cid:115)(cid:114)(cid:209) (cid:164)(cid:172)(cid:163)(cid:112)(cid:115)(cid:181)(cid:182)(cid:209) (cid:125)(cid:115)(cid:204)(cid:136)(cid:109)(cid:137)(cid:147)(cid:133)(cid:188)(cid:205)(cid:17)(cid:209) (cid:112)(cid:162)(cid:160)(cid:189)(cid:171)(cid:163)(cid:147)(cid:209)
`trode to provide increased process flexibility, control
`(cid:103)(cid:159)(cid:114)(cid:209) (cid:172)(cid:115)(cid:181)(cid:138)(cid:114)(cid:199)(cid:115)(cid:209) (cid:175)(cid:115)(cid:157)(cid:163)(cid:201)(cid:103)(cid:147)(cid:26)(cid:209) (cid:72)(cid:209)(cid:156)(cid:199)(cid:147)(cid:189)(cid:138)(cid:20)(cid:181)(cid:190)(cid:104)(cid:130)(cid:115)(cid:209) (cid:164)(cid:105)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:136)(cid:200)(cid:115)(cid:209) (cid:123)(cid:133)(cid:146)(cid:190)(cid:115)(cid:176)(cid:209) (cid:159)(cid:115)(cid:191)(cid:208)(cid:209)
`and residue removal. A multi-stage PaSSive filter net-
`(cid:203)(cid:162)(cid:176)(cid:144)(cid:209)(cid:134)(cid:181)(cid:209)(cid:114)(cid:134)(cid:183)(cid:112)(cid:154)(cid:162)(cid:181)(cid:115)(cid:114)(cid:209)(cid:203)(cid:131)(cid:138)(cid:112)(cid:131)(cid:209)(cid:164)(cid:116)(cid:177)(cid:126)(cid:172)(cid:156)(cid:181)(cid:209)(cid:192)(cid:131)(cid:115)(cid:209)(cid:129)(cid:159)(cid:113)(cid:185)(cid:136)(cid:162)(cid:161)(cid:181)(cid:209)(cid:163)(cid:120)(cid:209)(cid:112)(cid:162)(cid:197)(cid:206)
`work is disclosed which performs the functions of cou-
`(cid:164)(cid:147)(cid:138)(cid:161)(cid:130)(cid:209)(cid:109)(cid:162)(cid:193)(cid:131)(cid:209)(cid:164)(cid:162)(cid:203)(cid:115)(cid:176)(cid:209)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:164)(cid:164)(cid:147)(cid:136)(cid:115)(cid:181)(cid:209)(cid:189)(cid:162)(cid:209)(cid:189)(cid:131)(cid:115)(cid:209)(cid:115)(cid:150)(cid:115)(cid:113)(cid:189)(cid:171)(cid:162)(cid:114)(cid:117)(cid:18)(cid:209)(cid:136)(cid:181)(cid:162)(cid:147)(cid:103)(cid:186)(cid:140)(cid:161)(cid:130)(cid:209)(cid:189)(cid:132)(cid:115)(cid:209)
`Pling borh power SUPplies to the electrode, isolating the
`(cid:146)(cid:162)(cid:203)(cid:209)(cid:124)(cid:178)(cid:115)(cid:167)(cid:199)(cid:116)(cid:159)(cid:112)(cid:205)(cid:209)(cid:165)(cid:163)(cid:203)(cid:115)(cid:170)(cid:209)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:164)(cid:164)(cid:151)(cid:205)(cid:209)(cid:120)(cid:170)(cid:162)(cid:156)(cid:209)(cid:189)(cid:131)(cid:115)(cid:209)(cid:131)(cid:139)(cid:130)(cid:131)(cid:209)(cid:121)(cid:179)(cid:115)(cid:168)(cid:197)(cid:115)(cid:159)(cid:112)(cid:205)(cid:209)
`low frequency power SUPply from the high frequency
`(cid:164)(cid:163)(cid:203)(cid:115)(cid:177)(cid:209)(cid:181)(cid:199)(cid:164)(cid:164)(cid:152)(cid:205)(cid:209)(cid:104)(cid:159)(cid:114)(cid:209)(cid:104)(cid:196)(cid:189)(cid:115)(cid:161)(cid:199)(cid:105)(cid:189)(cid:140)(cid:159)(cid:130)(cid:209)(cid:189)(cid:131)(cid:115)(cid:209)(cid:199)(cid:161)(cid:114)(cid:119)(cid:136)(cid:172)(cid:115)(cid:114)(cid:209)(cid:121)(cid:180)(cid:115)(cid:168)(cid:198)(cid:115)(cid:159)(cid:112)(cid:141)(cid:115)(cid:181)(cid:209)
`power supply and attenuating the undesired frequencies
`(cid:164)(cid:172)(cid:162)(cid:114)(cid:197)(cid:112)(cid:115)(cid:114)(cid:209)(cid:108)(cid:205)(cid:209)(cid:156)(cid:141)(cid:204)(cid:138)(cid:159)(cid:130)(cid:209)(cid:162)(cid:120)(cid:209)(cid:189)(cid:131)(cid:115)(cid:209)(cid:189)(cid:203)(cid:162)(cid:209)(cid:128)(cid:115)(cid:168)(cid:199)(cid:115)(cid:159)(cid:112)(cid:141)(cid:115)(cid:183)(cid:209)(cid:141)(cid:159)(cid:209)(cid:194)(cid:131)(cid:115)(cid:209)(cid:159)(cid:162)(cid:159)(cid:207)
`produced by mixing of the two frequencies in the non-
`linear load represented by the reactor.
`(cid:146)(cid:142)(cid:159)(cid:115)(cid:107)(cid:171)(cid:209)(cid:147)(cid:162)(cid:104)(cid:114)(cid:209)(cid:176)(cid:115)(cid:164)(cid:171)(cid:115)(cid:181)(cid:115)(cid:159)(cid:189)(cid:118)(cid:114)(cid:209)(cid:109)(cid:205)(cid:209)(cid:195)(cid:131)(cid:115)(cid:209)(cid:172)(cid:115)(cid:104)(cid:112)(cid:189)(cid:162)(cid:172)(cid:32)(cid:209)
`
`(cid:53)(cid:209)(cid:75)(cid:147)(cid:106)(cid:143)(cid:158)(cid:184)(cid:19)(cid:209)(cid:5)(cid:41)(cid:47)(cid:121)(cid:78)(cid:133)(cid:98)(cid:107)(cid:91)(cid:135)(cid:53)(cid:99)(cid:90)(cid:130)(cid:118)(cid:87)
`3 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures
`
`(cid:9)(cid:10)(cid:60)
`
`(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:3)
`
`
`
`33 mo KHz
`(cid:12)(cid:12)(cid:60) (cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:60) (cid:34)(cid:29)(cid:58)(cid:60)
`POWER
`(cid:46)(cid:45)(cid:53)(cid:22)(cid:47)(cid:60)
`SUPPLY
`(cid:49)(cid:51)(cid:46)(cid:46)(cid:35)(cid:56)(cid:60)
`31.1
`(cid:11)(cid:7)(cid:32)(cid:60)
`
`fifimfig
`”mom
`
`X
`(cid:55)(cid:60)
`FILTER
`B
`A
`(cid:19)(cid:60) (cid:16)(cid:36)(cid:50)(cid:22)(cid:48)(cid:4)(cid:60) (cid:17)(cid:60)
`
`COMBIN
`(cid:20)(cid:45)(cid:38)(cid:19)(cid:30)(cid:42)(cid:23)(cid:60)
`
`13.55 MHz
`(cid:7)(cid:13)(cid:2)(cid:14)(cid:15)(cid:60) (cid:39)(cid:26)(cid:59)(cid:60)
`MATCHING
`
`(cid:40)(cid:18)(cid:21)(cid:27)(cid:31)(cid:44)(cid:25)(cid:60)
`NETWORK
`(cid:43)(cid:24)(cid:45)(cid:47)(cid:33)(cid:60)
`
`(cid:1)(cid:3)(cid:4)
`
`\_,32
`(cid:1)(cid:11)(cid:9)(cid:60)
`
`(cid:9)(cid:11)(cid:60)
`
`37,
`(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:4)
`13.55 MH
`(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)
`(cid:8)(cid:13)(cid:3)(cid:14)(cid:15)(cid:60) (cid:41)(cid:28)(cid:59)(cid:60)
`POWER 2
`(cid:46)(cid:45)(cid:54)(cid:22)(cid:48)(cid:60)
`SUPPLY
`(cid:49)(cid:52)(cid:46)(cid:46)(cid:37)(cid:57)(cid:60)
`
`(cid:13)(cid:18)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:2)(cid:23)(cid:22)(cid:20)(cid:23)(cid:4)(cid:23)
`Page 1 of 6
`
`(cid:9)(cid:46)(cid:16)(cid:8)(cid:11)(cid:23)(cid:8)(cid:17)(cid:10)(cid:6)(cid:9)(cid:16)(cid:23)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:4)(cid:23)
`
`INTEL EXHIBIT 1016
`
`

`

`U. S. Patent Apr. 1, 1986
`
`Sheet 1 of 2
`
`4,579,618
`
`
`
`MI:omfi.F
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`mmZOn.
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`mm.3”
`
`Page 2 of 6
`
`

`

`US. Patent Apr. 1,1986
`
`Sheet2of2
`
`4,579,618
`
`
`
`Page 3 of 6
`Page 3 of 6
`
`

`

`1
`
`PLASMA REACTOR APPARATUS
`
`4,579,618
`
`This application is a continuatiOn of application Ser.
`No. 568,859, filed Jan. 6, 1984, abandoned.
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`5
`
`The present invention relates, in general, to plasma
`reactors and their use. More particularly, the invention
`relates to a single electrode, multi-frequency plasma
`reactor.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`Various forms of processing with ionized gases, such
`as plasma etching and reactive ion etching, are increas-
`ing in importance particularly in the area of semicon-
`ductor device manufacturing. Thus, the investigation of
`the effects of the variation of various process parame-
`ters defining a plasma process has been pursued. Of
`particular interest are the various etching processes
`used in semiconductor device manufacturing. It is in-
`creasingly necessary to produce very fine lines with
`such processes, which requires a high degree of process
`uniformity, flexibility and control. A further need exists
`for apparatus which provides efficient wafer handling.
`As disclosed in US. Pat. No. 4,464,223, it has been
`discovered that a plasma reactor which is capable of
`applying power of more than one frequency to energize
`the plasma offers significant advantages in terms of
`process flexibility, control, and uniformity. However,
`the advantages of such a dual frequency process have
`only been achievable in multi-electrode plasma reac-
`tors. Such reactors are structurally more complex and
`therefore may be commercially disadvantageous in
`some circumstances.
`A particular need exists in the area of metal etching
`processes. In order to achieve the desired end result, it
`is necessary to adequately remove any organic and/or
`inorganic residues from the etched surface. Prior art
`etching processes have proved lacking in one respect or
`another in providing an adequately clean surface fol-
`lowing a metal etching step.
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention
`to provide an improved plasma reactor apparatus and
`method.
`A further object of the present invention is to provide
`a plasma reactor apparatus and method by which a
`single electrode may be used to apply power of more
`than one frequency to the reaction volume.
`Yet a further object of the present invention is to
`provide an improved method and apparatus for metal
`etching whereby surface residues, both organic and
`inorganic, are effectively removed.
`A particular embodiment of the present invention
`comprises a plasma reactor apparatus having an enclo-
`sure and an electrode. The electrode is adapted to carry
`the workpiece and also mates to the lower portion of
`the enclosure to seal the reaction volume. In addition,
`the electrode is electrically insulated from the enclo-
`sure. A manifold is provided within the enclosure to
`distribute the input reactive gases and to allow reaction
`products to be exhausted by means of a vent connected
`to a vacuum pump. Typically,
`temperature control
`means such as water jackets are provided in the enclo-
`sure and the electrode. Also, an optical window is pro-
`vided for purposes of process monitoring.
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
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`30
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`35
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`45
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`50
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`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`Page 4 of 6
`Page 4 of 6
`
`2
`A power supply apparatus, which is coupled to the
`single electrode by an RF transmission line, comprises a
`low frequency power supply and a high frequency
`power supply. Typically,
`the low frequency power
`supply operates at approximately 100 KHz and the high
`frequency power supply operates at approximately
`13.56 MHz. Both power supplies are coupled to the
`electrode through coupling networks which serve to
`optimize RF transmission through impedance match-
`ing. It is necessary to efficiently couple both the high
`and low frequency power supplies to the electrode
`while providing isolation between the power supplies.
`Furthermore. the problem of coupling RF power to a
`non-linear load such as a plasma reactor is very com-
`plex. This is especially true in the case of commercial
`units which must meet stringent FCC limits on emitted
`radiation. To meet these needs, a specialized filter/com-
`biner is provided which couples both power supplies to
`the electrode and provides isolation while suppressing
`mixing products of the two frequencies caused by the
`non-linear nature of the load.
`A particular embodiment of the invention comprises
`a method of metal etching utilizing the previously de-
`scribed apparatus which has proved particularly useful
`for aluminum etching. For instance, it has been found
`that a reactive atmosphere comprising carbon tetrachlo-
`ride, chlorine, and argon which is subjectd simulta-
`neously to 250 watts at 13.56 MHz and 20 watts at 100
`KHz provides excellent etching of an aluminum/-
`silicon/ 1% copper layer. The surface remaining after
`such an etching process is substantially cleaner than that
`left by prior art processes.
`These and other objects and advantages of the pres-
`ent invention will be apparent to one skilled in the art
`from the detailed description below taken together with
`the drawings.
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an appa-
`ratus according to a particular embodiment of the pres—
`ent invention; and
`FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a filter/combiner
`according to a particular embodiment of the present
`invention.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION TO THE
`INVENTION
`
`Referring to FIG. 1, a plasma reactor apparatus ac-
`cording to the principles of the present invention is
`illustrated in cross-section. Plasma reactor 10 is de-
`signed, in broad terms, to enclose a reaction volume 11,
`supply a reactive gas mixture 12 thereto, exhaust reac-
`tion products 13 therefrom, and impose an RF electric
`field therein. An enclosure 15 which includes a ceramic
`insulator lower portion 16, a manifold 17 and an elec—
`trode 18 serve to define reaction volume 11. Enclosure
`15 is conductive and electrically grounded. Electrode
`18 is adapted to sealably engage ceramic insulator 16
`and is supplied wlth an O-ring seal 19 to accomplish an
`adequate seal therebetween. Manifold 17 is coupled to a
`supply means 21 and is adapted to supply reactive gas 12
`to reaction volume 11. In addition, manifold 17 directs
`reaction products 13 comprising used and unused reac-
`tive gas and chemical products of the reaction to a vent
`22 so that they may be exhausted by a vacuum pump
`which is not shown. Manifold 17 may be of the type
`disclosed in US. Pat. No. 4,209,357 issued June 24. 1980
`and assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
`
`

`

`3
`Plasma reactor apparatus 10 also includes an optical
`window 23 in enclosure 15 whereby the optical proper-
`ties of the plasma in reaction volume 11 may be moni-
`tored. In addition, a temperature control device such as
`water jacket 24 is provided. As is well-known in the art,
`it is also common to provide temperature control de-
`vices such as water jackets and/or heating devices in
`electrode 18.
`Electrode 18 serves the dual purpose of energizing
`reactive gas 12 and providing the means by which
`workpieces are loaded and unloaded from reaction
`volume 11. During the loading process electrode 18 is
`lowered away from ceramic insulator 16, whereby ac-
`cess to reaction volume 11 is provided. In addition,
`electrode 18 is adapted to serve as a workpiece holder.
`A semiconductor wafer 25, which is surrounded and
`carried by a wafer ring 26, is supported by electrode 18.
`This single electrode arrangement is particularly advan-
`tageous in that it readily interfaces with an automated
`wafer transport system.
`A power supply apparatus 30 is coupled to electrode
`18 to supply RF power thereto. According to the pres-
`ent invention, power supply apparatus 30 comprises a
`low frequency portion 31 and a high frequency portion
`32. In the nomenclature associated with plasma reactors
`and plasma processes it is common to describe as “high
`frequency” any frequency greater than about 10 MHz.
`Similarly, “low frequency” is used to describe any fre-
`quency less than approximately 1 MHz. The use of
`combined high and low frequencies in plasma processes
`has been described in US. Pat. No. 4,464,223. How-
`ever, that disclosure describes the use of multiple fre—
`quencies in a multiple electrode reactor apparatus. It
`has not been known heretofore that multiple frequen-
`cies could be successfully combined in a single elec-
`trode apparatus.
`'
`In the particular case of this embodiment of the pres-
`ent invention, low frequency portion 31 of power sup-
`ply 30 comprises a 100 KHz power supply 33, a power
`meter 34 and a 100 KHz matching network 35. Power
`meter 34 serves to monitor the power level of the 100
`KHz power being supplied to reaction volume 11.
`Matching network 35 serves to optimize the transmis-
`sion of 100 KHz power to electrode 18 by means of
`impedance matching. Matching network 35 may com-
`prise, for instance, an impedance transformer. Similarly,
`high frequency portion 32 of power supply 30 com-
`prises a 13.56 MHZ power supply 37, a power meter 38
`and a 13.56 MHz matching network 39. Matching net-
`work 39 may comprise, for instance, an automated slug—
`tuning apparatus.
`A filter/combiner 40 is coupled between low fre-
`quency power supply 31, high frequency power supply
`32 and electrode 18. Ports A and B of filter/combiner
`40 are coupled to high frequency power supply 31 and
`low frequency power supply 32, respectively. Port X of
`filter/combiner 40 is coupled to electrode 18. Filter/-
`combiner 40 must serve three purposes which are
`unique to a single electrode, dual frequency plasma
`reactor. First, the high frequency power must be largely
`prevented from reaching the low frequency power
`supply to prevent damage. The converse of this isola-
`tion problem is provided by 13.56 MHZ matching net-
`work 39. Second, the mixing products caused by the
`coupling of two different frequencies to a non-linear
`load (the plasma reactor) must be attenuated in order to
`comply with FCC regulations. Third,
`the radiation
`
`5
`
`10
`
`15
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`4O
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`4,579,618
`
`4
`emitted by the reactor and the various interconnections
`must be minimized.
`Referring now to FIG. 2, filter/combiner 40 is shown
`schematically. Ports A, B and X are shown schemati—
`cally as coaxial connectors, since the interconnection of
`the various elements is generally accomplished with
`coaxial cable. Each of the indicated ground connections
`in filter/combiner 40 is coupled to the same ground as is
`enclosure 15 (FIG. 1). This minimizes ground currents.
`In broad terms,
`filter/combiner 40 comprises first
`through sixth stages 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 and 50, respec-
`tively, coupled between port X and port B. Port A is
`coupled out between first stage 45 and second stage 46.
`First stage 45 of filter/combiner 40 is a parallel tank
`circuit made up of inductor 51 and capacitor 52. In a
`particular embodiment, first stage 45 is intended to at-
`tenuate the 40.68 MHz mixing product. Inductor 51 has
`a value of 0.153 uh and capacitor 52 has a value of 100
`pf.
`Second stage 46 is also a tank circuit which comprises
`an inductor 53 and a capacitor 54. In the particular
`embodiment, second stage 46 is intended to attenuate
`the 13.56 MHz signal between ports A and B. This
`provides the required isolation and prevents stages
`three through six from altering the 13.56 MHz match-
`ing. Inductor 53 has a value of 1.38 uh and capacitor 54
`has a value of 100 pf.
`Third stage 47, which is connected in series with first
`stage 45 and second stage 46, comprises a cored induc-
`tor 55 and its parallel parasitic capacitance 56. In the
`particular embodiment, third stage 47 serves to attenu-
`ate the 27.12 MHz mixing product between ports X and
`B. Inductor 55 has a value of 10 nh and parasitic capaci-
`tance 56 has a value of 3.4 pf.
`Fourth stage 48 is coupled between the line between
`ports X and B and ground. In addition, electro-mag-
`netic coupling between third stage 47 and fourth stage
`48 is prevented by grounded shield 57. Fourth stage 48
`combines with first stage 45 and firth stage 49 to attenu-
`ate the 40.68 MHz mixing product between ports X and
`B. Fourth stage 48 comprises an inductor 58 and a ser-
`ies-connected capacitor 59. Inductor 58 has a value of
`0.2 uh and capacitor 59 has a value of 75 pf.
`Fifth stage 49, another parallel tank circuit series-con-
`nected between ports X and B, comprises a cored induc-
`tor 60 and its parallel parasitic capacitance 61. Like
`fourth stage 48, it is resonant at 40. 68 MHz in the partic-
`ular embodiment. Inductor 60 has a value of 5 uh and
`parasitic capacitance 61 has a value of 3 pf.
`A second grounded shield 62 separates fifth stage 49
`from sixth stage 50. Sixth stage 50, which serves to
`attenuate the 67.8 MHz mixing product between ports
`X and B, comprises an inductor 63 and a series-con-
`nected, grounded capacitor 64. Inductor 63 has a value
`of 0.07 ph and capacitor 64 has a value of 75 pf.
`Filter/combiner 40 is typically augmented by ensur-
`ing good RF contact between the various panels which
`make

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