I lllll 1111111111111111 111111111111111 111111111111111 IIIII 1111111111 11111111
`
`US006236365B1
`US 6,236,365 Bl
`May 22, 2001
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`(12) United States Patent
`LeBlanc et al.
`
`(54) LOCATION OF A MOBILE STATION USING
`A PLURALITY OF COMMERCIAL
`"1RELESSINFRASTRUCTURES
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: Frederick W. LeBlanc, Arvada; Dennis
`J. Dupray, Golden, both of CO (US) ;
`Charles L. Karr, Tuscaloosa, AL (US)
`
`(73) As.signee: TracBeam, LLC, Longmont, CO (US)
`
`4,636,795
`
`1/1987 Dano .. .... ... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 3421387
`(List continued on next page.)
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`0 177 203 A2
`0 546 758 A2
`0 689 369 Al
`1 605 207
`2 155 720
`WO 93/04453
`WO 94/27161
`
`9 /1985 (EP) .
`6/1993 (EP) .
`12/1995 (EP) .
`6/1975 (GB) .
`9/1985 (GB) .
`3/1993 (WO) .
`11/1994 (WO) .
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`"The Measearch Engine Years: Fit the First", 1992, http://
`www.conrnan.org/people/spc/refs/search.hpl.html, pp. 1- 3.
`Lawrence et al., "Northern Light Search Engine Leads the
`Pack- Others Fall Behind", May 1, 1998, Online Newsletter,
`19(5)pp. 1- 2.
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`Primary Examiner-Thomas H. Tarcza
`Assistant Examiner--Dao L. Phan
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm--Dennis J. Dupray
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`
`A location system for commercial wireless telecommunica(cid:173)
`tion infrastructures (CMRRs). The system is an end-to-end
`solution having one or more location systems ( 42) for
`outputting requested locations of commercially available
`hand sets or mobile stations (not shown) based on, e.g.
`AMPS , NAMPS, CDMA or TOMA communication
`standards, for processing both local mobile station location
`requests and more global mobile station location request<;
`via, e.g., Internet communication between a distributed
`network of location systems. The system uses a plurality of
`mobile station locating technologies including those based
`on: two-way TOA and TDOA; borne base stations and
`distributed antenna provisioning. Further, the system can be
`modularly configured for use in location signaling environ(cid:173)
`ments ranging from urban, dense urban, suburban, rural,
`mountain to low traffic or isolated roadways. Accordingly,
`the system is useful for 911 emergency calls, tracking,
`routing, people and animal location including applications
`for confinement to and from certain areas .
`79 Claims, 42 Drawing Sheets
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by O days.
`09/230,109
`Sep. 8, 1997
`PCTJUS97/15933
`Jul. 8, 1999
`§ 371 Date:
`§ 102(e) Date: Jul. 8, 1999
`(87) PCT Pub. No.: WO98/10538
`PCT Pub. Date: Mar. 12, 1998
`
`(22) PCT Filed:
`
`(86) PCT No.:
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/056,603, filed on Aug. 20,
`1997, provisional application No. 60/044,821, filed on Apr.
`25, 1997, and prov~5ional application No. 60/025,855, filed
`on Sep. 9., 19%.
`Int. Cl.7 ........................................................ G0lS 3/02
`(51)
`(52) U.S. Cl . ............................................. 342/457; 342/450
`(58) Field of Search ..................................... 342/450, 457,
`342/357.01, 357.08, 451; 455/456, 457
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
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`
`12a
`
`42
`
`WIRELESS LOCATION USING MULTIPLE CMRSs
`
`

`

`US 6,236,365 Bl
`Page 2
`
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`
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`
`

`

`US 6,236,365 Bl
`Page 3
`
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`tions Commission, in the Matter of Revision of the Com(cid:173)
`mission's Rules to Ensure Compatibility with Enhanced 911
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`
`

`

`US 6,236,365 Bl
`Page 4
`
`CC Docket No. 94- 102, Before the Federal Communica(cid:173)
`tions Commission, in the Maller of Revision of the Com(cid:173)
`mission's Rules to Ensure Compatibility with Enhanced 911
`Emergency Calling Systems; "Reply Comments of KSI Inc.
`and MULIC Inc." filed Oct. 25, 1996.
`
`CC Docket No. 94-102, Before the Federal Communica(cid:173)
`tions Commission, in the Matter of Revision of the Com(cid:173)
`mission's Rules to Ensure Compatibility with Enhanced 911
`Emergency Calling Systems; ex parte communication from
`GeoTek Communications, Inc. received Apr. 14, 1997 by the
`Commission.
`
`

`

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`Fig. 2: WIRELESS LOCATION INTELLIGENT NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
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`
`"-
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`US. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 5 of 42
`Sheet 5 0I'42
`
`US 6,236,365 Bl
`US 6,236,365 B1
`
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`
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`Google Exhibit 1015, Page 9 0f 87
`
`

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`Channel .-----------------------------.
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`Ele. 3
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`
`321b
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`FIG. 6: DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA DELAY CHARACTERIZATION
`
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`Delay
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`Ele. 1
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`Amplifier
`Repeater/
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`~ 336
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 8 of 42
`
`US 6,236,365 Bl
`
`Start
`
`Measure total sys(cid:173)
`tem delay at first DA,
`relative to system
`time of pilot offset
`
`Add
`more
`delay
`
`Mesure
`delay value
`of next low(cid:173)
`est delay cor(cid:173)
`resonding to
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`ative to sys-
`
`Reduce
`delay
`
`No
`
`No
`
`Record DA ID, delay, exact
`location, BS ID, Presence of
`repeaters, gain values and
`Pilot offset index;
`store results in DA Location
`database
`
`~-----► Finished
`Yes
`
`FIG. 8: DA Installation Procedure for
`Wireless Location
`
`

`

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`Fig. 9: A Direct-Connect Distributed Antenna System
`
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`
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`

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`Figure 10: Multipoint Distributed Antenna System
`
`' 313b
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`
`122
`
`~2a7 (7,,..--140
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`
`Radio Propagation
`
`Channels
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 11 of 42
`
`US 6,236,365 Bl
`
`STATION
`
`122!>
`
`BASE
`STATION
`
`I
`140
`
`

`

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`FIG. 12: ALLOWABLE DELAY SPREADS AMONG DA CELLS
`
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`T4
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`:icroseconds {uSeconds)
`
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`
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`I
`
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`
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`I
`
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`I
`
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`
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`I
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`
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`I
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`DA Cell 2 ~------+-----+------------►
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`delay
`
`

`

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`
`DA Cell 4
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`--
`
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`1
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`
`.,,,
`
`,
`
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`
`All distributed omni antennas have a maximum coverage radius of 2,000 feet
`
`: IPBX/~~ 'k ~VI<>
`
`____ ..,,.,
`:◄
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`I
`
`1
`
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`
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`
`'
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`To MSC
`
`FIG. 13: DA Cell Geometry Illustration
`
`--;-
`
`I
`
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`7
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`

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`
`FIG. 14: LOCATION MEASUREMENTS ILLUSTRATION
`
`microseconds (uSeconds)
`
`9.34
`
`7.38
`
`6.88
`
`time, in
`
`Known distributed antenna allowable delay ranges
`0
`
`4.92
`
`4.42
`
`1.96 2.46
`
`DA Cell#4
`
`I
`
`DA Cell#~
`
`DA Cell#2
`
`DA Cell #1
`
`r--Guard zone(s) in uSeconds
`,
`~ignal delay
`
`~
`
`I
`
`Signal strength and time delay measured during location request
`
`\-------------~-
`
`9.16uS~
`
`~'
`
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`
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`-74
`
`-66
`
`3.98 us
`
`1.68uS
`
`SS, in dBm
`
`plus common
`Pilot Offset
`
`delay
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 15 of 42
`
`US 6,236,365 Bl
`
`8
`53
`
`, '
`r
`- DIVERSITI'
`COMBINER
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`FIG. 16: CDMA Mobile Station Prior Art
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 16 of 42
`
`US 6,236,365 Bl
`
`;-- 510
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`JI
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`FIG. 16: MS Modification for RF Signal Telemetry
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2001
`
`Sheet 17 of 42
`
`US 6,236,365 Bl
`
`Cordless phone
`Air interface
`__.,. Antenna
`Antenna~~
`_
`wilhin HBS Wireline
`I/F
`range
`
`---AIN
`
`MS
`
`SSP/
`Cls V
`
`Location
`Center
`
`Wireless
`(Air) interface
`in PCS
`
`Antenna
`
`SS7 or similiar
`---·-7 links
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`i
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`
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`
`Figure 17: Location and a Home Base Station
`
`

`

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`Figure 18: MS Received Delay Spreads of 3 Base Stations (Dense Urban
`
`Delay Spread: MS RX of BS-2 (17th & Lincoln)
`
`1 o uSec.
`
`8
`
`6
`
`4
`
`2
`
`·••·-· .... -........... _ ...... __ J_.___ ---
`·---,~ ...... -,...,ai-~ .... '11:iJ ............ --.I····-
`__ __j_lllj ____ ~--.. -+-·-r-
`-·-1--·"'-··-··· L ... --I ·-·-·t .. ·-
`
`·-
`
`-110
`
`-90
`
`-70
`
`-50
`
`-30
`
`(18th & Washington st.)
`Delay Spread: MS RX of BS-5
`
`1 0 uSec.
`
`8
`
`6
`
`4
`
`2
`
`! WW\!
`
`!
`
`&:
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`:
`•
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`·-
`
`-110
`
`-90
`
`-70
`
`-50
`
`-30
`
`{16th & Stout st.)
`
`Delay Spread: MS RX of BS-1
`
`10 uSec.
`
`►
`
`I
`
`I
`I
`
`6
`I
`
`4
`I
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`
`2
`
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`8
`11
`._ ........ T...
`--·---..
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`t-·---r-·
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`' ·--·····-1·-·--··--t-···
`---·-·j .. ··-·-.i.
`I
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`.... -........... -.. -... -....... --·-·--···-:··-···-·· .... ·--• ...
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`;
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`-110
`
`-90
`
`-70
`
`-50
`
`-30
`
`

`

`~ w
`'N
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`~
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`~
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`
`~N
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`'<
`
`~ = ....
`~ ....
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`•
`00
`d •
`
`(GC Mlinlng Tower)
`Delay Spread: MS RX of BS-152
`
`10uSec.
`
`8
`
`6
`
`4
`
`2
`
`... -... l. .......... ,4,-....... ·t-· --·1 .. ·---"?r'"·"
`--.. -t-•
`•••--.. •t-"•• .. •--1•-U••u•~
`-·-.. ·r···-.. -1·-·········t"1·~t·1-........... f2nd
`·--r·-·--j ___ ...... ..i.. ...... _J_ .. _ ... _ .. L .....
`_,,. .. _,.J.-.. ,.,..,. .. ~., .......... 4., ..... _..,~-•-•u-•~• .. ••
`
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`:
`
`!
`
`-110
`
`-90
`
`-70
`
`-50
`
`-30
`
`Figure 19: MS Received Delay Spreads of 3 Base Stations (Rural Setting)
`
`Delay Spread: MS RX of BS-154 (Hwy 91 & Rocky Flats)
`
`10uSec.
`
`8
`
`6
`
`4
`
`2
`
`.. --r·--+ ... -··-r---;---·· -·-
`l
`............ L ......... 4-............ L...... I -j-··
`·-·-+-··--· .. ➔-· .. -..... + ............ ➔1st•···
`·-·t-.... -.. ,4 ........... -4 ............ ...(. .. _ .... _J_ ..
`-·--·r··-·· .. t····--·-.. r ............. 1 ............... i ...... .
`
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`!
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`I
`
`;
`
`!
`
`-110
`
`-90
`
`-70
`
`-50
`
`-30
`
`(South Table Mesa C.O.)
`
`Delay Spread: MS RX of BS-151
`
`10uSec.
`
`8
`
`6
`
`2
`
`-110
`
`j st
`-t
`-t
`............
`....... -.. ,... ... _ ... ....,........
`.. ............. r ..... ..
`I
`I
`.......... '--·-····-J .... _., __ .f-.... -.-t'· ......... _l ...... .
`i
`.. ·--··••+•-· .............. -......... "'" ......