DONALD CHRISTIANSEN
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`DONALD G . FINK
`Consulting Editor
`
`RONALD K . .JURGEN • EDWARD A . TORRERO
`Assistant Editors
`
`ParkerVision Ex. 2023
`IPR2021-00990
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Electronics engineers' handbook / Qonald Christiansen, editor.-4th
`ed.
`
`cm.
`p.
`Includes index.
`ISBN 0-07-021077-2.(hc)
`I. Electronics-Handbooks, '~uals, etc.
`Donald.
`.
`TK7825.E34 1996
`62 l .38 l-dc20
`
`I .. Christiansen,
`
`96-3269~
`CIP
`
`McGraw-Hill
`A Division o{TheMcGn,111-HillCompanies
`
`tl
`
`Copyright© 1997, 1989, 1982, 1975 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
`Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright
`Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any
`means, or stored in a data base or retrieval systein, without the prior written permission of the
`publisher.
`3 4 5 6 7 8 9 O DOC/DOC 9 0 1 O 9 8 7
`
`ISBN 0-07-021077-2
`
`The sponsoring editor for this book was St eye Chapman, the editing supervisor was Suzanne
`lngrao, and the production supervisor was Pamela Pelton. It was set in nmes Roman by Pro(cid:173)
`Image Corporation.
`
`Printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company.
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`McGraw-Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales
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`the Director of Special Sales, McGraw-Hill, I I West 19th Street, New York, NY 1001 I. Or
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`Information contained in this work has been obtained by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
`("McGraw-Hill") from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither McGraw-Hill nor its
`authors guarantees the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein and
`neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages
`arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that
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`This book is printed on acid-free paper.
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`.-;
`Input
`sitnal
`
`,;,
`
`Difference 1icJna1
`Xc'-.-;-x,
`
`x,-sxo
`Feedback sicJnal
`
`CIRCUIT PRINCIPLES
`
`3.35
`
`Output siQnol
`Xo-AXi
`
`•
`
`~
`
`Basic
`octive
`network
`
`Feedbac:11
`
`network -
`
`FIGURE 3.40 Basic feedback-circuit configuration.
`
`TABLE 3.5 Effect of Negative Feedback on Circuit Pelformance
`
`Voltage
`
`Transconductance
`
`Current
`
`Transresistance
`
`lype of amplifier
`
`Decreases
`
`Increases
`
`Increases
`
`Decreases
`
`Increases
`Voltage gain
`Increases
`Decreases
`
`Increases
`Transconductance
`Increases
`Decreases
`
`Decreases
`Current gain
`Increases
`Decreases
`
`Decreases
`Transresistance
`Increases
`Decreases
`
`Output
`resistance
`Input
`resistance
`Reduces
`Bandwidth
`Distortion
`
`An unstable circuit may oscillate wildly or perform poorly in some other manner and is to be avoided.
`Various stability tests have been developed to locate potentially unstable circuit conditions easily.
`
`3.4.18 Operational Amplifiers
`
`Many electronic circuits use operational amplifiers, which are high-gain voltage amplifiers. If the
`amplifier has two nongrounded input terminals, it is a differential amplifier, since it amplifies the
`voltage difference between the two inputs. Operational amplifiers are nearly always used in feedback
`circuits, in such a way that the properties of the circuit are controlled by the circuit parameters and
`not by the characteristics of the operational amplifier. This is judicious since amplifier open-loop gains
`can vary considerably above some minimum value.
`In analyzing an operational-amplifier feedback circuit, one uses the properties of high gain and
`high input impedance to establish a virtual short between the amplifier input terminals. This means
`that the voltage between the input terminals is essentially zero, while no current flows in them.
`Figure 3.41 shows some common operational-amplifier circuits and their transfer functions.
`
`3.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF SPEC/RC NETWORK CONFIGURATIONS
`
`A number of networks are both very common and illustrative of many fundamental concepts.
`
`3.5.1 Frequency- and Time-Domain Properties of Single-Port Circuits
`
`.The frequency- and time-domain properties of examples of simple equivalent circuits of resistors,
`capacitors, and/or inductors in one-port (two-terminal) configurations are shown in Table 3.6. The
`time-domain response given is the response current to a step function of voltage Eo- The frequency(cid:173)
`domain description comprises the terminal (phasor) impedance Zah and its phase angle (Jab"
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