DECLARATION AND AFFIRMATION OF BRENDA RAY I, Brenda Ray, being over 18 year of age and duly sworn, depose and say as follows: 1. lam an employee of the Auburn University Library, and specifically the Document Delivery Unit, located at Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849. I am familiar with the policies and procedures of the Library as they relate to the receipt, cataloging, and tracking of books and I have personal knowledge of the facts set forth below. I am familiar with these procedures because I have been employed by the Library since 1989, where I began in Binding and Receiving, then moved to Serials, then the Science and Technology Department, then the Architecture Library and finally the Document Delivery Unit. I have held my current position in the Document Delivery Unit for the last 17 years. 2. It is and has been standard operating procedure that when an item is received by the Library, it is received, cataloged, physically processed (spine label with call number, tattle-taped, ownership stamp, etc.). The item would then be stamped with date mark. The item would be made available to patrons within a few days of the item arriving at the library. 3. The Auburn University Library holds an original copy of Electronic Design Volume 45, Issue 27, December 1, 1997. I have been asked for information about Electronic Design specifically when this volume was first made publicly available by the Auburn University Library. From my review of the Library’s records, and my knowledge of the Library’s standard procedures, this issue of Electronic Design was cataloged and publicly available in the Library by no later than December 20, 1997, and was in current issues, shelved in alphabetical order within a few days after the date of December 20, 1997. 4. In my opinion, the journal Electronic Design was cataloged and available at the Auburn University Library on December 20, 1997 based on the date stamp on a preliminary page inside this volume of Electronic Design. I have not seen any indication that this volume of Electronic Design would have been an exception to the Library’s standard practice. The Library maintains a searchable and publicly accessible catalog of its publications. Therefore, as of December 31, 1997 any member of the public could have located this volume of Electronic Design by searching our catalog by the title, call number, and/or subject matter. 5. Exhibit A to this Declaration is a true and accurate copy of the cover, table of contents, preliminary page with date stamp and the article "MCNS/DOCSIS MAC Clears A Path For The Cable-Modem Invasion" by Lee Goldberg on pages 69-70, 74, 78, 80 from the journal Electronic Design Volume 45, Issue 27, December 1, 1997, ISSN 0013-4872 from the Auburn University Libraries collection.
`
`TCL, Hisense & ZyXel
`Ex. 1010
`Page 1
`
`

`

`I declare and affirm under penalty of perjury that all statements made herein of my own knowledge are true and that all statements made on information and belief are believed to be true; and further that these statements were made with the knowledge that willful false statements and the like are punishable by fine or imprisonment, or both, under Section 1001 of Title 18 of the United States Code. If called to testify, I could and would competently testify under oath to the facts set forth above. Unless otherwise noted, the facts and statements in this Declaration are based on my personal knowledge and my review of the documents discussed herein, and I am competent to testify to these facts. May 11, 2021 Auburn University Libraries 231 Mell Street Auburn, AL 36849-5606 tAR,1,0,_ 124 Brenda Ray Library Specialist, Tech II
`
`TCL, Hisense & ZyXel
`Ex. 1010
`Page 2
`
`

`

`Exhibit A
`
`TCL, Hisense & ZyXel
`Ex. 1010
`Page 3
`
`

`

`ELECTRONIC
`
`:71Til
`TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS• PRODUCTS • SOLUTIONS
`TECHNOLOGY· APPLICATIONS · PRODUCTS · SOLUTIONS
`A PENTON PUBLICATION $10.00
`A PENTON PUBLICATION $10.00
`DECEMBER 1, 1997
`DECEMBER 1, 199/
`.. , I
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`CNS/DOCSIS MAC Clears Path For Cable-Modem Invasion p. 69
`MCNS/DOCSIS MAC Clears Path For Cable-Modem Invasion p. 69
`Annual IEDM Conference Examines Leading-Edge Device Developments p. 39
`Annual IEDM Conference Examines Leading-Edge Device Developments p. 39
`At IEDM: Memory, Logic Power Devices, EDA, Sensors, And Displays p. 40
`At IEDM: Memory, Logic Power Devices, EDA, Sensors, And Displays p. 40
`Line-Driver Design For Broadband Communications Applications p. 81
`Line-Driver Design For Broadband Communications Applications p. 81
`Parasitic Extraction Tools Aid DSM IC Designs p.97
`Parasitic Extraction Tools Aid DSM IC Designs p.97
`Harness The Power Of The ACPI/Smart Battery Standard p. 113
`Harness The Power Of The ACPI/Smart Battery Standard p. 113
`Pick The Perfect Chassis To Ensure System Longevity p. 127
`Pick The Perfect Chassis To Ensure System Longevity p. 127
`
`TCL, Hisense & ZyXel Ex. 1010
`Page 4
`
`rA
`

`

`lil*COre
`
`If you're charged with designing low-power applications,
`a
`this little core is a mighty big friend. Motorola's new M•CO~
`
`~
`0
`~
`microRISC engine reduces costs, lengthens battery life and gives you ~
`
`performance for the future. A combination of brains and brawn.
`
`If you’re charged with designing low-power applications, t9 this little core is a mighty big friend. Motorola’s new NI..U) microRISC engine reduces costs, lengthens battery life and OVeOrou ‘=-1performance for the future. A combination of brains and brawn. A 48MIPS/50MHz RISC core design with I/O intelligence and interrupt performance built in. Plus, its development tool chains are fully complete and validated to interoperate, greatly reducing design time. In other words, it’s ready to fly! To find out how Motorola can help you save the day, direct your mouse to www.motorola.com/mcore or call 800.521.6274. MOTOROLA
`
`A 48MIPS/50MHz RISC core design with 1/0 intelligence
`
`and interrupt performance built in. Plus, its development
`
`tool chains are fully complete and validated to interoperate,
`
`greatly reducing design time. In other words, it's ready to fly!
`
`To find out how Motorola can help you save the day,
`
`direct your mouse to www.motorola.com/mcore
`
`or call 800.521.6274.
`
`@MOTOROLA
`Semiconductor Products Sector
`Semiconductor Products Sector
`
`What you never thought possible:"
`
`What you never thought possible
`
`<I> 1997 MOTOROLA, INC. AU RIGHTS RESERVED. MOTOROLA ANO " ARE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS
`®1991 MOTOROLA, INC ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. MOTOROLA AND 8 ARE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS
`AND THE M.DORE NAME AND LOGO ARE TRAOEMARKS OF MOTOROLA INC MIGHTY MOUSE, TM & C 147 VIACOM INTL INC.
`ANO THE M•CORE NAME ANO LOGO ARETAAOEMARKS Of MOTOROLA, INC. MIGHTY MOUSE, TM & II) 1997 VIACOM INrL INC
`
`TCL, Hisense & ZyXel Ex. 1010
`Page 5
`
`

`

`ELECTRONIC DESIGN
`ELECTRONIC DESIGN
`
`TECHNOLOGY• APPLICATIONS• PRODUCTS• SOLUTIONS
`TECHNOLOGY. APPLICATIONS. PRODUCTS. SOLUTIONS
`December 1, 1997 Volume 45, Number 27
`
`December 1, 1997 Volume 45, Number 27
`
`EDITORIAL OVERVIEW
`EDITORIAL OVERVIEW
`
`114
`is
`
`INA
`
`1'.
`it
`! ·
`I 1[1
`~
`
`~ --i) .-
`
`■ MCNS/DOCSIS MAC Clears Path For Cable-Modem Invasion 69
`• MCNS/DOCSIS MAC Clears Path For Cable-Modem Invasion 69
`
`IN Annual IEDM Conference Examines Leading-Edge Device Developments 39
`■ Annual IEDM Conference Examines Leading-Edge Device Developments 39
`■ At IEDM: Memory, Logic Power Devices, EDA, Sensors, And Displays 40
`• At IEDM: Memory, Logic Power Devices, EDA, Sensors, And Displays 40
`■ Line-Driver Design For Broadband Communications Applications 81
`II Line-Driver Design For Broadband Communications Applications 81
`■ Parasitic Extraction Tools Aid DSM IC Designs 97
`III Parasitic Extraction Tools Aid DSM IC Designs 97
`■ Harness The Power Of The ACPI/Smart-Battery Standard 113
`II Harness The Power Of The ACPI/Smart-Battery Standard 113
`■ Pick The Perfect Chassis To Ensure System Longevity 127
`III Pick The Perfect Chassis To Ensure System Longevity 127
`
`DEPARTMENTS
`DEPARTMENTS
`
`Upcoming Meetings ... 12,
`Upcoming Meetings ...12,
`. ...... . 16, 18, 54
`
`16, 18, 54
`
`Editorial ............ 22
`Editorial
`22
`• Tiny Engines Fuel A
`(cid:149) Tiny Engines Fuel A Revolution
`Revolution
`
`Technology Briefing .... 24
`Technology Briefing ....24
`• Consumer Electronics'
`(cid:149) Consumer Electronics’ Potential
`Potential
`
`Technology
`Technology
`Newsletter ..... . 27, 30
`Newsletter
`27, 30
`
`Technology
`Technology
`Breakthrough ........ 33
`Breakthrough
`33
`• 35-GHz 0.5-W GaA s
`pHE MT points the way
`toward low-cost volume
`production of MOCVD
`MMICs
`• 0.1-mm electrostatic
`microrelays switch at up
`to 100GHz
`• Development of blue
`phosphor spawns fu ll(cid:173)
`color EL displays
`
`(cid:149) 35-GHz 0.5-W GaAs pHE MT points the way toward low-cost volume production of MOCVD MMICs (cid:149) 0.1-mm electrostatic microrelays switch at up to 100 GHz (cid:149) Development of blue phosphor spawns full-color EL displays
`
`Info Page ........... 10
`Info Page
`10
`(how to find us)
`
`(how to find us)
`
`Index of Advertisers .. 184
`Index of Advertisers ..184
`
`Reader
`Reader
`Service Card .... 184A-D
`Service Card ....184A-D
`
`TECH INSIGHTS
`TECH INSIGHTS
`50 IEDM Focuses On Advanced Device Models
`50 IEDM Focuses On Advanced Device Models
`• Models offer new hope in tackling deep(cid:173)
`(cid:149) Models offer new hope in tackling deep-submicron issues dealing with process accuracy and interconnect.
`submicron issues dealing with process
`accuracy and interconnect.
`60 Sensors And Displays Highlighted At IEDM
`60 Sensors And Displays Highlighted At IEDM
`' • Advanced device structures and new
`(cid:149) Advanced device structures and new technologies are opening the door for emerging display and sensor-based applications.
`technologies are opening the door for emerging
`display and sensor-based applications.
`COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
`COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
`69 MCNS/DOCSIS MAC Paves The Way For A
`69 MCNS/DOCSIS MAC Paves The Way For A
`Cable-Modem Invasion
`Cable-Modem Invasion -
`•
`COVER
`t
`•
`: • The first standards-compliant chip
`, ,
`: means affordable, interoperable,
`STORY
`: cable modems, with speed and
`: security features.
`
`(cid:149) The first standards-compliant chip means affordable, interoperable, cable modems, with speed and security features.
`
`TECH INSIGHTS
`TECH INSIGHTS
`I
`39 Annual IEDM Conference Examines Leading-Edge
`39 Annual IEDM Conference Examines Leading-Edge
`Device Developments
`Device Developments
`• Hear about the latest in memory and logic
`(cid:149) Hear about the latest in memory and logic ICs, compound semiconductor devices, simulation tools, and sensors and displays.
`!Cs, compound semiconductor devices,
`simulation tools, and sensors and displays.
`40 Memory And Logic Structures Are Getting Faster
`40 Memory And Logic Structures Are Getting Faster
`And Denser
`And Denser
`• Designers detail advanced process techniques
`and finer-dimension design rules at IEDM to
`build next-generation memories and logic.
`
`48 Rivalries Between Silicon And Exotic Semiconductors
`48 Rivalries Between Silicon And Exotic Semiconductors
`Abound At IEDM
`Abound At IEDM
`• SiGe and vanilla silicon move into RF and
`(cid:149) SiGe and vanilla silicon move into RF and 1_ optical applications as compound semi-conductors stake out their niches.
`optical applications as compound semi(cid:173)
`conductors stake out their niches.
`
`(cid:149) Designers detail advanced process techniques and finer-dimension design rules at IEDM to build next-generation memories and logic. L
`
`ELECTRONIC DESIGN (ISSN 0013-4872) is published twice monthly except for 3
`ELECTRONIC DESIGN (ISSN 00 13-4872) is published twice monthly except for 3
`issues in May, 3 issues in August, 3 issues in October, and 3 issues in November by
`issues in May, 3 issues in August, 3 issues in October and 3 issues in November by
`Penton Publishing Inc., 1100 Superior Ave., Cleveland, OH 44114-2543. Paid rates
`Penton Publishing Inc., 1100 Superior Ave., Cleveland, OH 44114-2543 . Paid rates
`for a one.year subscription are as follows: $105 U.S., $185 Canada, $210, $255
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`International. Periodicals postage paid at Cleveland, OH, and additional mailing
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`offices. Editorial and advertising addresses: ELECTRONIC DESIGN, 611 Route #46
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`West, Hasbrouck Heights, NJ 07604. Telephone (201) 393-6060. Facsimile (20 1)
`West, Hasbrouck Heights, NJ 07604. Telephone (201) 393-6060. Facsimile (201)
`393-0204. Printed in U.S.A. Title registered in U.S. Patent Office.
`393-0204. Printed in U.SA Title registered in U.S. Patent Office.
`
`Copyright 1997 by Penton Publishing Inc. All rights reserved. The contents of this
`CoP.yright 1997 by Penton Publishing Inc. All rights reserved. The contents of this
`publication may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the consent of the
`pubhcation may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the consent of the
`copyright owner. For subscriber change of address and subscription inquiries, call
`copyright owner. For subscriber change of add ress and subscription inquiries, call
`(216) .596-7000. Mail your subscription requests to: Penton Publishing Subscription
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`
`TCL, Hisense & ZyXel Ex. 1010
`Page 6
`
`V
`

`

`OMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
`
`Highlights and insights from the frontline of the communications revolution
`
`MCNS /DOCSIS MAC Clears A Path For
`VICNS/DOCSIS MAC Clears A Path For
`The Cable-Modem Invasion
`The Cable-Modem Invasion
`
`The First Standards-Compliant Chip Means Affordable, Interoperable,
`The First Standards-Compliant Chip Means Affordable, Interoperable, Cable Modems, With Speed And Security Features.
`Cable Modems, With Speed And Security Features.
`Lee Goldberg
`Lee Goldberg
`
`With the introduction of
`
`it
`to
`
`1
`
`the IEEE's 802.14 cable data
`standards committee, a group
`of large cable interests formed
`the MCNS group. Comprised
`of heavyweights like Comcast
`../.1"•. •
`and Time-Warner, MCNS
`1 teamed with the cable indus(cid:173)
`try's research consortium, Ca(cid:173)
`ble Labs, Louisville,
`COVER FEATURE
`Colo., to produce
`their own open standard for
`11 moving data between cable
`m ..&--U4..lll'iim network headend s and sub(cid:173)
`scriber's homes.
`
`I
`
`the BCM3220 multime(cid:173)
`dia cable networking
`systems/Data-Over-Cable-Ser(cid:173)
`vice Interface Specification
`(MCNS/DOCSIS) compliant
`media-access controller (MAC)
`chip, the cable data revolution
`has begun in earnest. By rolling
`out the first integrated imple(cid:173)
`mentation of the cable industry's
`recently developed DOCSIS,
`Broadcom Corporation has
`paved the way for the rapid de(cid:173)
`velopment of inexpensive con(cid:173)
`sumer-oriented cable data appli(cid:173)
`ances. This move could provide a
`critical jump-start for the
`emerging cable data industry. If =
`the next year goes according to
`plan, we may see a device that
`delivers multimegabit down- ,...,,,,,
`stream Internet access being
`sold at K-Marts and electronic discount
`stores at prices comparable to today's
`56-kbit POTS modems.
`
`Vith the introduction of the BCM3220 multime-dia cable networking systems/Data-Over-Cable-Ser-vice Interface Specification (MCNS/DOCSIS) compliant media-access controller (MAC) chip, the cable data revolution has begun hi earnest. By rolling out the first integrated imple-mentation of the cable industry’s recently developed DOCSIS, Broadcom Corporation has paved the way for the rapid de-velopment of inexpensive con-sumer-oriented cable data appli-ances. This move could provide a critical jump-start for the emerging cable data industry. If the next year goes according to plan, we may see a device that delivers multimegabit down-stream Internet access being sold at K-Marts and electronic discount stores at prices comparable to today’s 56-kbit POTS modems.
`ne ’ (cid:149) , (cid:149) the IEEE’s 802.14 cable data standards committee, a group of large cable interests formed the MCNS group. Comprised of heavyweights like Comcast and Time-Warner, MCNS teamed with the cable indus-try’s research consortium, Ca-ble Labs, Louisville, Colo., to produce their own open standard for moving data between cable network headends and sub-scriber’s homes.
`
`Erb ahem ’ -,111 1913E11919 figofi surfing began to erode cable’s near-lock on passive leisure activities. After several ill-fated adventures with video-on-demand, interactive shopping, and other attempts to dic-tate consumer taste, cable marketeers stumbled over the obvious hot applica-tion, broadband Internet access. Once early trials demonstrated the eco-nomic potential, it became clear that the only way to achieve a critical mass of users was to develop a transmission standard that would enable the pro-duction of mass-produced, inexpen-sive, interoperable cable modems and set-top boxes (Fig. 1). Frustrated by the slow progress of The first fruit of this alliance is the DOCSIS specification, de-veloped by a group of manufac-turers, under the direction of MCNS and Cable Labs. Partic-ipants in the initial develop-ment of DOCSIS included Gen-eral Instruments, LAN City (now a part of Bay Networks), and Broadcom. This spec outlines the physical layer in-terfaces, MAC and transport proto-cols, security provisions, and other specifications necessary for designing interoperable cable data components. Subsequent fine-tuning was per-formed in an open forum hosted by Ca-ble Labs and attended by most major players in the cable industry. The re-sult is a standard that meets the needs of current users and anticipates the de-mands of future applications. DOCSIS is designed to employ one or more unused video channels within the 54-to-860-MHz cable broadcast
`The development of DOCSIS and the introduction of the BCM3220 mark the first hopeful chapter in the trou-bled history of cable media’s efforts to maintain its dominant role in captur-ing the hearts, minds, and eyes of the American consumer. In the early nineties, the cable television industry faced a double threat: While saturated subscriber markets yielded flattening revenues, satellite television, sophisti-cated computer games, and Internet ’ago Agfa am -11..111% ZIODI ElD11919 FS El MO EV
`
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`
`Enter DOCSIS
`Enter DOCSIS
`·· The first fruit of this alliance is
`the DOCSIS specification, de(cid:173)
`veloped by a group of manufac(cid:173)
`turers, under the direction of
`MCNS and Cable Labs. Partic(cid:173)
`ipants in the initial develop(cid:173)
`ment ofDOCSIS included Gen-
`' eral Instruments, LAN City (now a
`surfing began to erode cable's near(cid:173)
`lock on passive leisure activities.
`part of Bay Networks), and Broadcom.
`This spec outlines the physical layer in(cid:173)
`After several ill-fated adventures
`terfaces, MAC and transport proto(cid:173)
`with video-on-demand, interactive
`cols, security provisions, and other
`shopping, and other attempts to dic(cid:173)
`specifications necessary for designing
`tate consumer taste, cable marketeers
`stumbled over the obvious hot applica(cid:173)
`interoperable cable data components.
`Subsequent fine-tunin g was per(cid:173)
`tion, broadband Internet access. Once
`formed in an open forum hosted by Ca(cid:173)
`early trials demonstrated the eco(cid:173)
`ble Labs and attended by most major
`nomic potential, it became clear that
`players in the cable industry. The re(cid:173)
`the only way to achieve a critical mass
`sult is a standard that meets the needs
`of users was to develop a transmission
`of current users and anticipates the de(cid:173)
`standard that would enable the pro(cid:173)
`mands of future applications.
`duction of mass-produced, inexpen(cid:173)
`DOCSIS is designed to employ one
`sive, interoperable cable modems and
`, or more unused video channels within
`set-top boxes (Fig.1).
`the 54-to-860-MHz cable broadcast
`Frustrated by the slow progress of :
`
`··
`
`-
`
`-
`
`The Broadband Wars
`The Broadband Wars
`The development of DOCSIS and
`the introduction of the BCM3220 mark
`the first hopeful chapter in the trou(cid:173)
`bled history of cable media's efforts to
`maintain its dominant role in captur(cid:173)
`ing the hearts, minds, and eyes of the
`American consumer. In the early
`nineties, the cable television industry
`faced a double threat: While saturated
`subscriber markets yielded flattening
`revenues, satellite television, sophisti(cid:173)
`cated computer games, and Internet
`
`TCL, Hisense & ZyXel Ex. 1010
`Page 7
`
`

`

`W,1Jl'jll'jl 1lfl"''"'"t:WU:,,IWU'A'JW :::tlANUAKU:::t·DIUUI \.ADLl:·MUUl:M MAC J
`MAC
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`spectrum to transmit IP-based
`data across hybrid fiber coax-
`ial networks. Complex
`phase/amplitude modulation
`
`
`
`
`
`BC~~116 1-::,'_BD.,...at-:-ta ,;-,.LL_i_n:_~v_a~_Je ~
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`Downslrea
`Downstream processor
`mp~ MAC
`MAC
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`header
`pr~~~:::ng
`processing
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`'Address
`CPU bus
`CPU bus
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`Managemenl
`infomation
`infomation
`block (MIB)
`block (MIB)
`
`m
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`" 9
`
`2. The BCM3220 MAC chip incorporates all control, stream-processing, and security functions required for a
`2. The BCM3220 MAC chip incorporates all control, stream-processing, and security functions required for a
`MCNS/DOCSIS-compliant cable modem. A memory-based DMA interface assures efficient data transfers to
`MCNS/D00515-compliant cable modem. A memory-based DMA interface assures efficient data transfers to
`and from the host controller. Both baseline and high-security modes also are supported.
`and from the host controller. Both baseline and high-security modes also are supported.
`
`feature allows it to accommodate both
`traditional connectionless Internet
`traffic, as well as latency-sensitive
`multimedia streams. Selectable QoS
`also will let cable companies offer
`tiered services with various guaran(cid:173)
`teed bit rates and levels of latency to
`
`feature allows it to accommodate both traditional connectionless Internet traffic, as well as latency-sensitive multimedia streams. Selectable QoS also will let cable companies offer tiered services with various guaran-teed bit rates and levels of latency to
`
`Power
`amplifier
`
`Low-pass
`Low-pass
`filter
`filter
`
`5.65 MHz
`
`Gain
`control
`
`Coax
`Coax
`connector
`connector
`
`Diplex
`Diplex
`filter
`filter
`
`54-860 MHz
`54-860 MHz
`
`RF
`tuner
`
`SAW
`filter
`
`--AGC
`
`Low-pass
`Low-pass
`filter
`filter
`
`BCM3037
`BCM3037
`upstream
`upstream
`QPSK/16-QAM
`QPSK/16-QAM
`modulator
`modulator
`
`Clock
`Clock
`
`Data
`Dat
`
`BCM3220
`BCM3220
`MAC
`MAC
`
`Clock
`Clock
`
`Data
`Data
`
`, BCM3116
`BCM31 6
`: QAM receiver
`DAM receiver
`' with FEC
`with FEC
`
`Microcontroller
`Microcontroller
`with Ethernet MAC
`with Ethernet MAC
`
`-41----4-1 RAM
`
`-4-4 ROM
`
`10Base-T
`10Base-T
`transceiver
`transceiver
`
`RJ45
`RJ45
`connector
`connector
`
`1. A DOCSIS-complianl cable modem receives its data over unused 6-MHz video channels within
`1. A DOCSIS-compliant cable modem receives its data over unused 6-MHz video channels within
`the normal cable spectrum. Upstream traffic is carried back to the system headend in the 5-to-
`the normal cable spectrum. Upstream traffic is carried back to the system headend in the 5-to-
`45-MHz sub-split band. To ensure that the modem will operate properly and not interfere with
`45-MHz sub-split band. To ensure that the modem will operate properly and not interfere with
`other units, both the downstream receiver and upstream modulator/transmitter operate under
`other units, both the downstream receiver and upstream modulator/transmitter operate under
`the control of the BCM3220, or other DOCSIS·compatible MAC.
`the control of the BCM3220, or other DOCSIS-compatible MAC.
`
`businesses which need them.
`
`businesses which need them.
`
`MPEG Everywhere
`MPEG Everywhere
`One interesting aspect of DOCSIS
`is that it uses MPEG II transport
`streams to move IP data. While not es(cid:173)
`sential for today's applications, t he
`standard's developers were looking
`toward the future. Today, MPEG en(cid:173)
`capsulation provides DOCSIS with a
`reliable, well-defined method of set(cid:173)
`ting up multiple channels within a sin(cid:173)
`gle data stream. In the near future,
`MPEG encapsulation will allow a sin(cid:173)
`gle cable modem to support multiple
`sessions and multiple users, as well as
`delay-sensitive multimedia streams
`for voice or video over IP.
`Using MPEG II transport streams
`also will allow DOCSIS to interoperate
`with the Open Cable standard for digi(cid:173)
`tal cable television that is currently un-
`' der development. Open Cable also em(cid:173)
`ploys MPEG II transport streams for
`all of its media flows. This featur e
`should greatly simplify traffic switch(cid:173)
`ing and processing within tomorrow's
`cable networks
`Although it has some similarities to
`the carrier-sense multiple-access/colli(cid:173)
`sion-detect (CSMA/CD) protocol em-
`
`Message processor
`Message
`,. MAC
`MAC
`MAC
`MAC
`header
`.. message
`header
`message
`processing
`processor
`processing
`processor
`(wilh CRC)
`(with CRC)
`
`—
`
`
`
`-- Timing
`
`.
`
`Timing
`recovery
`recovery
`circuit (TAC)
`circuit (TRC)
`L__.
`L __
`Serial
`Serial
`programming
`• programming
`interlace
`interlace
`(SPI)
`(SPI)
`
`To
`To
`tuner and
`tuner and
`EEPRDM
`EEPROM
`SPI
`SPI
`bus
`has
`
`SRAM
`t_
`
`U
`
`
`
`Key
`
`Reference
`Reference
`clock
`clock
`
`BCM3037
`
`Clock
`Clock
`Serial data
`Control
`Control
`
`Bandwidth
`Bandwidth
`allocation
`*location
`map processor
`map posse
`I Map parser
`
`I parser
`Map
`2=, ~ Upstream
`~~
`-~~
`f
`~ BCM3037 ~S~er~ia~I d-at---1a -~~ - - ._ encrypt 7:5
`_[
`0
`L
`T_
`
`Dual-port
`'4". controller
`I
`4_,..
`Upstream
`Upstream
`DES
`•- □
`~,-----~ DES
`DMA
`heady
`CRC
`header-~
`encrypt
`processor
`Upstream control
`Mum
`Upstream control ~
`—
`
` Clock
`Clock
`Data
`BCM3116 /8
`:;r:!~sc~:~~eT~~:~n~oci:~~
`or
`Control
`BCM3118
`into subscribers' homes at up
`BCM3118 Control
`to 38 Mbits/s. Depending on ~
`the bit rate selected by the op-
`erator, the shared downstream
`channel uses either 64- or 256-
`point quadrature-amplitude
`modulation (QAM). While little
`is known about what actual
`bandwidth requirements will
`be, initial results from field tri(cid:173)
`als suggests that a single chan(cid:173)
`nel will provide groups of 200
`to 1000 subscribers with Inter(cid:173)
`net access that is substantially
`faster than today's best POTS(cid:173)
`based services.
`For communication from the
`home to headend, DO CSIS
`uses the 5-to-40-Hz sub-split
`band as a return path. Using
`QPSK today, or 16-QAM in sub(cid:173)
`sequent versions, the upstream
`channel has a theoretical maxi(cid:173)
`mum throughput of 10 Mbits/s
`(see "Broadband To The Home: Chal(cid:173)
`lenges On the Last Mile," Electronic
`Design, Oct. 2, 1995, pp 67-83).
`Since DOCSIS also is intended to
`support IP-based video, provisions
`have been made to support several
`levels of quality of service (QoS). This
`
`spectrum to transmit IP-based data across hybrid fiber coax-ial networks. Complex phase/amplitude modulation enables each 6-MHz down-stream channel to bring data into subscribers’ homes at up to 38 Mbits/s. Depending on the bit rate selected by the op-erator, the shared downstream channel uses either 64- or 256-point quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM). While little is known about what actual bandwidth requirements will be, initial results from field tri-als suggests that a single chan-nel will provide groups of 200 to 1000 subscribers with Inter-net access that is substantially faster than today’s best POTS-based services. For communication from the home to headend, DOCSIS uses the 5-to-40-Hz sub-split band as a return path. Using QPSK today, or 16-QAM in sub-sequent versions, the upstream channel has a theoretical maxi-mum throughput of 10 Mbits/s (see "Broadband To The Home: Chal-lenges On the Last Mile," Electronic Design, Oct. 2, 1995, pp 67-83).. Since DOCSIS also is intended to support IP-based video, provisions have been made to support several levels of quality of service (QoS). This
`One interesting aspect of DOCSIS is that it uses MPEG II transport streams to move IP data. While not es-sential for today’s applications, the standard’s developers were looking toward the future. Today, MPEG en-capsulation provides DOCSIS with a reliable, well-defined method of set-ting up multiple channels within a sin-gle data stream. In the near future, MPEG encapsulation will allow a sin-gle cable modem to support multiple sessions and multiple users, as well as delay-sensitive multimedia streams for voice or video over IP. Using MPEG II transport streams also will allow DOCSIS to interoperate with the Open Cable standard for digi-tal cable television that is currently un-der development. Open Cable also em-ploys MPEG II transport streams for all of its media flows. This feature should greatly simplify traffic switch-ing and processing within tomorrow’s cable networks Although it has some similarities to the carrier-sense multiple-access/colli-sion-detect (CSMA/CD) protocol em-70
`
`TCL, Hisense & ZyXel Ex. 1010
`Page 8
`
`mudixjanajaliallnijaalial=
`DES
`4
`

`

`1G•tl'lfM,rn@i0Mi,111◄ mt,n•tif■ STANDARDS - BASED CABLE-MODEM MACJ
`STANDARDS-BASED CABLE-MODEM MAC
`COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
`
`DOCSIS Security: Baseline Privacy
`DOCSIS Security: Baseline Privacy
`S ecurity for the DOCSIS
`
`'
`'
`'
`
`1byte
`1 byte
`
`'
`'
`'
`
`1byte
`1 byte
`
`'
`'
`'
`
`Type
`Type
`
`LEN
`LEN
`. 3 or 4
`= 3 or 4
`
`KEY_SEQ
`KEY_SE0
`
`Version
`Version
`. 1
`=1
`
`E T
`T
`
`2 bytes
`2 bytes
`
`SID
`SID
`
`'
`'
`'
`
`1byte
`1 byte
`
`' ' '
`
`Request
`Request
`(upstream only)
`(upstream only)
`
`~
`
`BP EH
`BP EH
`element
`element
`(4 to 5 bytes)
`(4 to 5 bytes)
`
`\
`
`""'
`
`Other EH elements
`Other EH elements
`—
`
`I
`-------=====: Encrypted
`
`HCS
`HCS
`(2 bytes)
`(2 bytes)
`
`Packet POU
`Packet POU
`(18 to 1518 bytes)
`(18 to 1518 bytes)
`
`Encrypted
`
`Extended header
`Extended header
`( 4 to 255 bytes)
`(4 to 255 bytes)
`
`Security for the DOCSIS cable modem system is divided between an elaborate Full-Security Specification with remov-able, renewable security modules, and a low-cost, sim-pler scheme called Baseline Privacy (BPI). BPI is based on full-bodied concepts, be-ginning with the 56-bit Digi-tal Encryption Standard (DES) Cipher Block Chain-ing algorithm, yet unbur-dened by some of the more costly and complex security features of its heavy twin. All DOCSIS cable modems are required to support BPI, ensuring that basic data pri-vacy is maintained in the shared cable environment. Privacy is more than sufficient for Internet access appli-cations because it makes a number of assumptions on the ap-plication it serves, namely that Internet access is two way, and therefore not susceptible to passive theft of service; that it’s not particularly valuable to anyone, but the user; that re-ally important transactions over the Internet (like banking) will be secured with end to end application layer security; and that by changing keys often, individual keys are not worth the trouble of stealing. It also is much easier to detect clones and unauthorized users of cable modems because the service is two-way. The modem system is unlike