`to show where the changes have been made.
`
`Docket No.: RFID-081C1
`
`In the United States Patent and Trademark Office
`
`US Utility Patent Application for
`
`Method and apparatus for }*"'lv-kUn~1--funding an electronic
`purse
`
`lnventor(s): Liang Seng Koh
`41291 Carmen Street
`Fremont, CA 94539, USA
`Citizenship: Singapore
`
`Futong Cho
`397 Sandhurst Drive
`Milpitas, CA 95035, USA
`Citizenship: U.S.A.
`
`Hsin Pan
`2374 Olive Avenue
`Fremont, CA 94539, USA
`Citizenship: U.S.A.
`
`Fuliang Cho
`5812 McKellar Drive
`San Jose, CA 95129, USA
`Citizenship: U.S.A.
`
`RFCyber Corp.
`4160 Technology Drive, Suite A
`Fremont, CA 94538
`USA
`
`# E-filing
`
`Express Mail Label
`2012
`I hereby certify that this paper or fee is being deposited with the United States Postal Service using
`"Express Mail Post Office To Addressee" service under 37 CFR 1.10 on the date indicated above and is
`addressed to "Mail Stop: New Application, Commissioner for Patents, P.O. Box 1450, Alexandria, VA
`22313"
`
`Signed:
`
`/ joe zheng /
`Joe Zheng
`
`Samsung Ex. 1007, Page 1 of 148
`Samsung Electronics America, Inc. v. RFCyber Corp.
`IPR2021-00981
`
`
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`Method and apparatus for F--ir{_'H{¾d~-f~--funding an electronic
`purse
`
`CROSS~REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
`
`This application is a continuation of co-pending US Pat App. Serial No.:
`
`11 /534,653, filed on 09/24/2006, now US Pat. No.: 8.118,218.
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`Technical Field
`
`[0001]
`
`The present invention is generally related to commerce over networks.
`
`Particularly, the present invention is related to electronic purses that can be
`
`advantageously used in portable devices configured for both electronic commerce
`
`(a.k.a., e-commerce) and mobile commerce (a.k.a., m-commerce).
`
`Description of the Related Art
`
`[0002]
`
`Single functional cards have been successfully used in enclosed
`
`environments such as transportation systems. One example of such single functional
`
`cards is MIFARE that is the most widely installed contactless smart card technology in
`
`the world. With more than 500 million smart card ICs and 5 million reader components
`
`sold, MIFARE has been selected as the most successful contactless smart card
`
`technology. MIFARE is the perfect solution for applications like loyalty and vending
`
`cards, road tolling, city cards, access control and gaming.
`
`[0003]
`
`It is noticed that such enclosed systems are difficult to be expanded into
`
`other areas such as e-commerce and m-commerce because stored values and
`
`transaction information are stored in data storage of each tag that is protected by a set
`
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`of keys. The nature of the tag is that the keys need to be delivered to the card for
`
`authentication before data can be accessed during a transaction. This constraint
`
`makes systems using such technology difficult to be expanded to an open environment
`
`such as the Internet for e-commerce and cellular networks for m-commerce as the key
`
`delivery over a public domain network causes security concerns.
`
`[0004]
`
`There is, thus, a need for a mechanism in devices, especially portable
`
`devices, functioning as an electronic purse (e-purse) to be able to conduct
`
`transactions over an open network with a payment server without compromising
`
`security.
`
`SUMMARY
`
`[0005]
`
`This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of
`
`embodiments of the present invention and to briefly introduce some preferred
`
`embodiments. Simplifications or omissions in this section as well as the title and the
`
`abstract of this disclosure may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section,
`
`the title and the abstract. Such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit
`
`the scope of the present invention.
`
`[0006]
`
`Broadly speaking, the invention is related to a mechanism provided to
`
`devices, especially portable devices, functioning as an electronic purse (e-purse) to be
`
`able to conduct transactions over an open network with a payment server without
`
`compromising security. According to one aspect of the present invention, a device is
`
`loaded with an e-purse manager. The e-purse manager is configured to manage
`
`various transactions and functions as a mechanism to access an emulator therein. The
`
`transactions may be conducted over a wired network or a wireless network.
`
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`[0007]
`
`According to another aspect of the present invention, a three-tier
`
`security model is proposed, based on which the present invention is contemplated to
`
`operate. The three-tier security model includes a physical security, an e-purse security
`
`and a card manager security, concentrically encapsulating one with another. Security
`
`keys (either symmetric or asymmetric) are personalized within the three-tier security
`
`model so as to personalize an e-purse and perform secured transaction with a
`
`payment server. In one embodiment, the essential data to be personalized into an e(cid:173)
`
`purse include one or more operation keys (e.g., a load key and a purchase key),
`
`default PINs, administration keys (e.g., an unblock PIN key and a reload PIN key), and
`
`passwords (e.g., from Mifare). During a transaction, the security keys are used to
`
`establish a secured channel between an embedded e-purse and an SAM (Security
`
`Authentication Module) or backend server.
`
`[0008]
`
`The invention may be implemented in numerous ways, including a
`
`method, system, and device. In one embodiment, the present invention is a method for
`
`providing an e-purse, the method comprises providing a portable device embedded
`
`with a smart card module pre-loaded with an emulator, the portable device including a
`
`memory space loaded with a midlet that is configured to facilitate communication
`
`between an e-purse applet therein and a payment server over a wireless network,
`
`wherein the portable device further includes a contactless interface that facilitates
`
`communication between thee-purse applet therein and the payment server, and
`
`personalizing thee-purse applet by reading off data from the smart card to generate
`
`one or more operation keys that are subsequently used to establish a secured channel
`
`between the e-purse and a SAM or a payment server.
`
`[0009]
`
`According to another embodiment, the present invention is a system
`
`for providing an e-purse, the system comprises a portable device embedded with a
`
`smart card module pre-loaded with an emulator, the portable device including a
`
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`memory space loaded with a midlet that is configured to facilitate wireless
`
`communication between an e-purse applet therein and a payment server over a
`
`wireless network, the portable device further including a contactless interface that
`
`facilitates communication between thee-purse applet therein and the payment server,
`
`the payment server associated with an issuer of the e-purse, and a SAM module
`
`configured to enable the e-purse, wherein the SAM module is behind the payment
`
`server when thee-purse is caused to communicate with the payment server via the
`
`midlet over a wireless network (M-commerce in FIG.2) or via the agent on a PC over a
`
`wired network (E-commerce in FIG.2).
`
`[0010]
`
`Accordingly one of the objects of the present inventions is to provide a
`
`mechanism to be embedded in devices, especially portable devices, to function as an
`
`electronic purse (e-purse) to be able to conduct transactions over an open network
`
`with a payment server without compromising security.
`
`[0011]
`
`Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will
`
`become apparent upon examining the following detailed description of an embodiment
`
`thereof, taken in conjunction with the attached drawings.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`[0012]
`
`The invention will be readily understood by the following detailed
`
`description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference
`
`numerals designate like structural elements, and in which:
`
`[0013]
`
`FIG. 1A shows a three-tier security model based on which the present
`
`invention is contemplated to operate according to one embodiment thereof;
`
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`[0014]
`
`FIG. 1 B shows a data flow in accordance with the three-tier security
`
`model among three entities;
`
`[0015]
`
`FIG. 2 shows an exemplary architecture diagram according to one
`
`embodiment of the present invention;
`
`[0016]
`
`FIG. 3A a block diagram of related modules interacting with each other to
`
`achieve what is referred to herein as e-purse personalization by an authorized person
`
`as shown in FIG. 2;
`
`[0017]
`
`FIG. 3B shows a block diagram of related modules interacting with each
`
`other to achieve what is referred to herein as e-purse personalization by a user of the
`
`e-purse as shown in FIG. 2;
`
`[0018]
`
`FIG. 3C shows a flowchart or process of personalizing an e-purse
`
`according to one embodiment of the present invention;
`
`[0019]
`
`FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B show together a flowchart or process of financing
`
`an e-purse according to one embodiment of the present invention; and
`
`[0020]
`
`FIG. 4C shows an exemplary block diagram of related blocks interacting
`
`with each other to achieve the process FIG. 4A.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0021]
`
`In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to
`
`provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may
`
`be practiced without these specific details. The description and representation herein
`
`are the means used by those experienced or skilled in the art to effectively convey the
`
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`substance of their work to others skilled in the art. In other instances, well-known
`
`methods, procedures, components, and circuitry have not been described in detail
`
`since they are already well understood and to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects
`
`of the present invention.
`
`[0022]
`
`Reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that
`
`a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the
`
`embodiment can be included in at least one implementation of the invention. The
`
`appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification
`
`are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or
`
`alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Further, the order
`
`of blocks in process, flowcharts or functional diagrams representing one or more
`
`embodiments do not inherently indicate any particular order nor imply limitations in the
`
`invention.
`
`[0023]
`
`Embodiments of the present invention are discussed herein with
`
`reference to FIGS. 1A- 4C. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate
`
`that the detailed description given herein with respect to these figures is for
`
`explanatory purposes only as the invention extends beyond these limited
`
`embodiments.
`
`[0024]
`
`FIG. 1A shows a three-tier security model 100 based on which the
`
`present invention is contemplated to operate according to one embodiment thereof.
`
`The three-tier security model 100 includes physical security 102, e-purse security 104
`
`and card manager security 106.
`
`[0025]
`
`Physical security 102 refers to a security mechanism provided by a
`
`single functional card to protect data stored on the card. The card may be hardware
`
`implemented or software emulated running on a type of media. Data on a single
`
`7
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`function card is protected by a set of access keys. These keys are configured onto the
`
`card when the card is issued. To avoid obscuring aspects of the present invention, the
`
`process of how the keys are configured onto the cards is to be omitted. For accessing
`
`the data, related keys are delivered to a reader for authentication.
`
`[0026]
`
`E-purse security 104 defines a set of protocols that enable micro
`
`payment transactions to be carried out in both wired and wireless environments. With
`
`an electronic purse (a.k.a., e-purse) stored on a smart card, a set of keys (either
`
`symmetric or asymmetric) is personalized into the purse when the purse is being
`
`issued. During a transaction, the purse uses a set of respective keys for encryption
`
`and MAC computation in order to secure the message channel between the purse and
`
`the SAM or backend servers. For a single functional card, thee-purse security 104 will
`
`act as gates to protect actual operations performed on a single functional card. During
`
`personalization, the single functional card access keys (or its transformation) are
`
`personalized into the purse with the purse transaction keys.
`
`[0027]
`
`Card Manager Security 106, referring to a general security framework of
`
`a preload operating system in a smart card, provides a platform for PIN management
`
`and security channels (security domains) for card personalization. This platform via a
`
`card manager can be used to personalize a purse in one embodiment. One example
`
`of the card manager security 106 is what is referred to as a Global Platform (GP) that
`
`is a cross-industry membership organization created to advance standards for smart
`
`card growth. A GP combines the interests of smart card issuers, vendors, industry
`
`groups, public entities and technology companies to define requirements and
`
`technology standards for multiple application smart cards. In one embodiment, a
`
`global platform security is used to personalize a smart card. As a result, both e-purse
`
`keys and card access keys are personalized into the target tag.
`
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`[0028]
`
`FIG. 1 B shows a data flow in accordance with the three-tier security
`
`model among three entities a land-based SAM or a network e-purse server 112, e(cid:173)
`
`purse 114 acting as a gate keeper, and a single function tag 116. According to one
`
`embodiment of the present invention, communications between the land-based SAM
`
`or the network e-purse server 112 and thee-purse 114 are conducted in sequence of
`
`a type of commands (e.g., APDU) while communications between thee-purse 114 and
`
`the single function tag 116 are conducted in sequence of another type of commands,
`
`wherein thee-purse 114 acts as the gate keeper to ensure only secured and
`
`authorized data transactions could happen.
`
`[0029]
`
`In reference to FIG. 1A, the physical security is realized in an emulator.
`
`As sued herein, an emulator means a hardware device or a program that pretends to
`
`be another particular device or program that other components expect to interact with.
`
`Thee-purse security is realized between one or more applets configured to provide e(cid:173)
`
`purse functioning and a payment server. The card manager security (e.g., global
`
`platform security) is realized via a card manager to update security keys to establish
`
`appropriate channels for interactions between the server and the applets, wherein the
`
`e-purse applet(s) acts as a gatekeeper to regulate or control the data exchange.
`
`[0030]
`
`According to one embodiment, a smart card has a preloaded smart card
`
`operation system that provides security framework to control the access to the smart
`
`card (e.g., an installation of external applications into the smart card). In order to
`
`manage the life cycle of an external application, a card manager module is configured
`
`by using the smart card security framework. For instance, a Java based smart card,
`
`SmartMX, is preloaded with an operating system JCOP 4.1. The Global Platform 2.1
`
`installed on the SmartMX performs the card manager functionality.
`
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`[0031]
`
`Referring now to FIG. 2, there shows an exemplary architecture diagram
`
`200 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The diagram 200 includes
`
`a cellphone 202 embedded with a smart card module. An example of such a cell
`
`phone is a near field communication (NFC) enabled cellphone that includes a Smart
`
`MX (SMX) module. The SMX is pre-loaded with a Mifare emulator 208 (which is a
`
`single functional card) for storing values. The cellphone is equipped with a RFID
`
`interface (e.g., ISO 144443) that allows the cellphone to act as a tag. In addition, the
`
`SMX is a JavaCard that can run Java applets. According to one embodiment, an e(cid:173)
`
`purse is built on top of the global platform and implemented as an applet in SMX. The
`
`e-purse is configured to be able to access the Mifare data structures with appropriate
`
`transformed passwords based on the access keys.
`
`[0032]
`
`In the cellphone 202, a purse manager midlet 204 is provided. For M-
`
`commerce, the midlet 204 acts as an agent to facilitate communications between an e(cid:173)
`
`purse applet 206 and one or more payment network and servers 210 to conduct
`
`transactions therebetween. As used herein, a midlet is a software component suitable
`
`for being executed on a portable device. The purse manager midlet 204 is
`
`implemented as a "midlet" on a Java cellphone, or an "executable application" on a
`
`PDA device. One of the functions this software component provides is to connect to a
`
`wireless network and communicate with an e-purse applet which can reside on either
`
`the same device or an external smart card. In addition, it is configured to provide
`
`administrative functions such as changing a PIN, viewing a purse balance and a
`
`history log. In one application in which a card issuer provides a SA module 212 that is
`
`used to enable and authenticate any transactions between a card and a corresponding
`
`server (also referred to as a payment server). As shown in FIG. 2, APDU commands
`
`are constructed by the servers 210 having access to a SA module 212, where the
`
`APDU stands for Application Protocol Data Unit that is a communication unit between
`
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`a reader and a card. The structure of an APDU is defined by the ISO 7816 standards.
`
`Typically, an APDU command is embedded in network messages and delivered to the
`
`server 210 or thee-purse applet 206 for processing.
`
`[0033]
`
`For e-commerce, a web agent 214 on a computing device (not shown) is
`
`responsible for interacting with a RFID reader and the network server 210. In
`
`operation, the agent 214 sends the APDU commands or receives responses thereto
`
`through the RFID reader 216 to/from thee-purse applet 206 residing in the cellphone
`
`202. On the other hand, the agent 214 composes network requests (such--a-se.g., an
`
`HTTP request) and receives responses thereto from the payment server 210.
`
`[0034]
`
`To personalize the cellphone 202, FIG. 3A shows a block diagram 300 of
`
`related modules interacting with each other to achieve what is referred to herein as e(cid:173)
`
`purse personalization by an authorized person as shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 3B shows a
`
`block diagram 320 of related modules interacting with each other to achieve what is
`
`referred to herein as e-purse personalization by an user of thee-purse as shown in
`
`FIG. 2.
`
`[0035]
`
`FIG. 3C shows a flowchart or process 350 of personalizing an e-purse
`
`according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3C is suggested to be
`
`understood in conjunction with FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B. The process 350 may be
`
`implemented in software, hardware or a combination of both.
`
`[0036]
`
`As described above, an e-purse is built on top of a global platform to
`
`provide a security mechanism necessary to personalize applets designed therefor. In
`
`operation, a security domain is used for establishing a secured channel between a
`
`personalization application and thee-purse. According to one embodiment, the
`
`essential data to be personalized into the purse include one or more operation keys
`
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`(e.g., a load key and a purchase key), default PINs, administration keys (e.g., an
`
`unblock PIN key and a reload PIN key), and passwords (e.g., from Mifare).
`
`[0037]
`
`It is assumed that a user desires to personalize an e-purse embedded in
`
`a device (e.g., a cellphone). At 352 of FIG. 3C, a personalization process is initiated.
`
`Depending on implementation, the personalization process may be implemented in a
`
`module in the device and activated manually or automatically, or a physical process
`
`initiated by an authorized person (typically associated with a care issuer). As shown in
`
`FIG. 3A, an authorized personal initiates a personalization process 304 to personalize
`
`the e-purse for a user thereof via an existing new e-purse SA module 306 and a SA
`
`module 308 with the RFID reader 310 as the interface. The card manager 311
`
`performs at least two functions: 1. establishing a security channel, via a security
`
`domain, to install and personalize an external application (e.g., e-purse applet) in the
`
`card personalization; and 2. creating security means (e.g., PINs) to protect the
`
`application during subsequent operations. As a result of the personalization process
`
`304, thee-purse applet 312 and the emulator 314 are personalized.
`
`[0038]
`
`Similarly, as shown in FIG. 3B, a user of an e-purse desires to initiate a
`
`personalization process to personalize thee-purse wirelessly (e.g., via them(cid:173)
`
`commerce path of FIG. 2). Different from FIG. 3A, FIG. 3B allows the personalization
`
`process to be activated manually or automatically. For example, there is a mechanism
`
`on a cellphone that, if pressed, activates the personalization process. Alternatively, a
`
`status of "non-personalized" may prompt to the user to start the personalization
`
`process. As described above, a midlet 322 in a device acts as an agent to facilitate the
`
`communication between a payment server 324 and thee-purse 312 as well as the
`
`emulator 314, wherein the payment server 324 has the access to the existing new e(cid:173)
`
`purse SA module 306 and a SA module 308. As a result of the personalization
`
`process, thee-purse applet 312 and the emulator 314 are personalized.
`
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`[0039]
`
`Referring now back to FIG. 3C, after the personalization process is
`
`started, in view of FIG. 3A, the RFID reader 310 is activated to read the tag ID and
`
`essential data from a card in the device at 354. With an application security domain
`
`(e.g., a default security setting by a card issuer), a security channel is then established
`
`at 356 between a new e-purse SAM (e.g., the SAM 306 of FIG. 3A) and an e-purse
`
`applet (e.g., thee-purse applet 312 of FIG. 3A) in the device.
`
`[0040]
`
`Each application security domain of a global platform includes three
`
`3DES keys. For example:
`
`Key1: 255/1/DES-ECB/4041424344454647 48494a4b4c4d4e4f
`
`Key2: 255/2/DES-ECB/404142434445464 7 48494a4b4c4d4e4f
`
`Key3: 255/3/DES-ECB/404142434445464 7 48494a4b4c4d4e4f
`
`A security domain is used to generate session keys for a secured session
`
`between two entities, such as the card manager applet and a host application, in which
`
`case the host application may be either a desktop personalization application or a
`
`networked personalization service provided by a backend server.
`
`[0041]
`
`A default application domain can be installed by a card issuer and
`
`assigned to various application/service providers. The respective application owner
`
`can change the value of the key sets before the personalization process (or at the
`
`initial of the process). Then the application can use the new set to create a security
`
`channel for performing the personalization process.
`
`[0042]
`
`With the security channel is established using the application provider's
`
`application security domain, the first set of data can be personalized to the purse
`
`applet. The second set of data can also be personalized with the same channel, too.
`
`However, if the data are in separate SAM, then a new security channel with the same
`
`key set (or different key sets) can be used to personalize the second set of data.
`
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`[0043]
`
`Via the new purse SAM 306, a set of e-purse operation keys and pins
`
`are generated for data transactions between the new e-purse SAM and the e-purse
`
`applet to essentially personalize thee-purse applet at 358.
`
`[0044]
`
`A second security channel is then established at 360 between an existing
`
`SAM (e.g., the SAM 308 of FIG, 3A) and thee-purse applet (e.g., thee-purse applet
`
`312 of FIG, 3A) in the device. At 362, a set of transformed keys is generated using the
`
`existing SAM and the tag ID. The generated keys are stored in the emulator for
`
`subsequent data access authentication. At 358, a set of MF passwords is generated
`
`using the existing SAM and the tag ID, then is stored into thee-purse applet for future
`
`data access authentication. After it is done, thee-purse including thee-purse applet
`
`and the corresponding emulator is set to a state of "personalized".
`
`[0045]
`
`FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B show together a flowchart or process 400 of
`
`financing an e-purse according to one embodiment of the present invention. The
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`process 400 is conducted via them-commerce path of FIG. 2. To better understand
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`the process 400, FIG. 4C shows an exemplary block diagram 450 of related blocks
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`interacting with each other to achieve the process 400. Depending on an actual
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`application of the present invention, the process 400 may be implemented in software,
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`hardware or a combination of both.
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`[0046]
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`A user is assumed to have obtained a portable device (e.g., a cellphone)
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`that is configured to include an e-purse. The user desires to fund the e-purse from an
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`account associated with a bank. At 402, the user enters a set of personal identification
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`numbers (PIN). Assuming the PIN is valid, a purse manger in the device is activated
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`and initiates a request (also referred to an OTA top off request) at 404. The midlet in
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`the device sends a request to thee-purse applet at 406, which is illustrated in FIG. 4C
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`where thee-purse manager midlet 434 communicates with thee-purse applet 436.
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`[0047]
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`At 408, thee-purse applet composes a response in responding to the
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`request from the midlet. Upon receiving the response, the midlet sends the response
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`to a payment network and server over a wireless network. As shown in FIG. 4C, thee(cid:173)
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`purse manager midlet 434 communicates with thee-purse applet 436 for a response
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`that is then sent to the payment network and server 440. At 410, the process 400
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`needs to verify the validity of the response. If the response can not be verified, the
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`process 400 stops. If the response can be verified, the process 400 moves to 412
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`where a corresponding account at a bank is verified. If the account does exist, a fund
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`transfer request is initiated. At 414, the bank receives the request and responds to the
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`request by returning a response. In general, the messages exchanged between the
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`payment network and server and the bank are compliant with a network protocol (e.g.,
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`HTTP for the Internet).
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`[0048]
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`At 416, the response from the bank is transported to the payment
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`network and server. The midlet strips and extracts the APDU commands from the
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`response and forward.§ the commands thee-purse at 418. Thee-purse verifies the
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`commands at 420 and, provided they are authorized, send the commands to the
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`emulator at 420 and, meanwhile updating a transaction log. At 422, a ticket is
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`generated to formulate a response (e.g., in APDU format) for payment server. As a
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`result, the payment server is updated with a successful status message for the midlet,
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`where the APDU response is retained for subsequent verification at 424.
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`[0049]
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`As shown in FIG. 4C, the payment network and server 440 receives a
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`response from the purse manager midlet 434 and verifies that the response is from an
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`authorized e-purse originally issued therefrom with a SAM module 444. After the
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`response is verified, the payment network and server 440 sends a request to the
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`financing bank 442 with which the user 432 is assumed to maintain an account. The
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`bank will verify the request, authorize the request and return an authorization number
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`in some pre-arranged message format. Upon receiving the response from bank, the
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`server 440 will either reject the request or form a network response to be sent to the
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`midlet 434.
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`[0050]
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`Thee-purse verifies the authenticity (e.g., in APDU format) and sends
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`commands to the emulator 438 and updates the transaction logs. By now, the e-purse
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`finishes the necessary steps and returns a response to the midlet 434 that forwards an
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`(APDU) response in a network request to the payment server 440.
`
`[0051]
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`Although the process 400 is described as funding the e-purse. Those
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`skilled in the art can appreciate that the process of making purchasing over a network
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`with thee-purse is substantially similar to the process 400, accordingly no separate
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`discussion on the process of making purchasing is provided.
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`[0052]
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`The invention is preferably implemented by software, but can also be
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`implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The invention
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`can also be embodied as computer readable code on a computer readable medium.
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`The computer readable medium is any data storage device that can store data which
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`can thereafter be read by a computer system. Examples of the computer readable
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`medium include read-only memory, random-access memory, CD-ROMs, DVDs,
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`magnetic tape, optical data storage devices, and carrier waves. The computer
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`readable medium can also be distributed over network-coupled computer systems so
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`that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion.
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`[0053]
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`The present invention has been described in sufficient details with a
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`certain degree of particularity. It is understood to those skilled in the art that the
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`present disclosure of embodiments has been made by way of examples only and that
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`numerous changes in the arrangement and combination of parts may be resorted
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`without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. Accordingly,
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`the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the
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`foregoing description of embodiment.
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`Method and apparatus for F--ir{_'H{¾d~-f~--funding an electronic
`purse
`
`Abstract
`
`purse) are disclosed. According to one aspect of the invention, a mechanism is
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`provided to enable a portable device to conduct transactions over an open network
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`with a payment server without compromising security. In one embodiment, a device is
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`loaded with an e-purse manager. The e-purse manager is configured to manage
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`various transactions and functions as a mechanism to access an e-purse e-r-nl:ik-1to-r
`
`therein. The e-ourse is funded by interactions among thee-purse manager, a payment
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`server and a financial institution (its server) that maintains an account therefor.The
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`Docket No.: RFID-081C1
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`In the United States Patent and Trademark Office
`
`US Utility Patent Application for
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`Method and apparatus for funding an electronic purse
`
`lnventor(s): Liang Seng Koh
`41291 Carmen Street
`Fremont, CA 94539, USA
`Citizenship: Singapore
`
`Futong Cho
`397 Sandhurst Drive
`Milpitas, CA 95035, USA
`Citizenship: U.S.A.
`
`Hsin Pan
`2374 Olive Avenue
`Fremont, CA 94539, USA
`Citizenship: U.S.A.
`
`Fuliang Cho
`5812 McKellar Drive
`San Jo