1111111111111111 IIIIII IIIII 111111111111111 1111111111 111111111111111 IIIII IIIIII IIII 11111111
`US 20140107493Al
`
`c19) United States
`c12) Patent Application Publication
`Yuen et al.
`
`c10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0107493 Al
`Apr. 17, 2014
`(43) Pub. Date:
`
`(54) PORTABLE BIOMETRIC MONITORING
`DEVICES AND METHODS OF OPERATING
`SAME
`
`(71) Applicant: Fitbit, Inc.
`
`(72)
`
`Inventors: Shelten Gee Jao Yuen, Berkeley, CA
`(US); Mark Manuel Martinez, San
`Francisco, CA (US); Andrew Cole
`Axley, Oakland, CA (US); Eric Nathan
`Friedman, San Francisco, CA (US);
`James Park, Berkeley, CA (US)
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 13/924,784
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Jun.24,2013
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(60) Provisional application No. 61/662,961, filed on Jun.
`22, 2012, provisional application No. 61/752,826,
`filed on Jan. 15, 2013.
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(51)
`
`(2006.01)
`
`Int. Cl.
`A61B 51024
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`CPC ......... A61B 5102427 (2013.01); A61B 5102438
`(2013.01); A61B 5102433 (2013.01)
`USPC ........................................... 600/473; 600/479
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`The present inventions, in one aspect, are directed to portable
`biometric monitoring device including a housing having a
`physical size and shape that is adapted to couple to the user's
`body, at least one band to secure the monitoring device to the
`user, a physiological sensor, disposed in the housing, to gen(cid:173)
`erate data which is representative of a physiological condition
`of the user data. The physiological sensor may include a light
`source to generate and output light having at least a first
`wavelength, and a photodetectorto detect scattered light ( e.g.,
`from the user). A light pipe is disposed in the housing and
`optically coupled to the light source directs/transmits light
`therefrom along a predetermined path to an outer surface of
`the housing. Processing circuitry calculates a heart rate of the
`user using data which is representative of the scattered light.
`
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`Device housing
`(steel, aluminum,
`plastic, etc.)
`
`Securement method:
`Hook and loop
`Clasp
`Band Shape memory
`
`i
`\
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`Attachment
`Band
`
`APPLE 1008
`
`1
`
`

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`FIG. 15
`
`Activity level: Low
`
`HR 73 bpm
`8:16 pm
`·¥titbit
`
`Save and display HR data
`
`consumption
`
`detection to reduce power
`Initiate low sampling rate HR
`
`User is sedentary
`
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`
`ActiYity Level: High
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`HR 110 bpm
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` titbit
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`(cid:157)·
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`Initiate high sampling
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Apr. 17, 2014 Sheet 30 of 30
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`US 2014/0107493 Al
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`

`

`US 2014/0107493 Al
`
`Apr. 17, 2014
`
`1
`
`PORTABLE BIOMETRIC MONITORING
`DEVICES AND METHODS OF OPERATING
`SAME
`
`RELATED APPLICATION
`
`[0001] This non-provisional application claims priority to
`(i) U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/662,961, entitled
`"Wireless Personal Biometrics Monitor", filed Jun. 22, 2012,
`and (ii) U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/752,826,
`entitled "Portable Monitoring Devices and Methods of Oper(cid:173)
`ating Same", filed Jan. 15, 2013; the contents of these Provi(cid:173)
`sional Applications are incorporated by reference herein in
`their entirety.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`[0002] The present inventions relate to a biometric moni(cid:173)
`toring device and methods and techniques to collect one or
`more types of physiological and/or environmental data from
`embedded or resident sensors and/or external devices and
`communicates or relays such information to other devices or
`other internet-viewable sources. (See, for example, FIG. 1).
`While the user is wearing or manipulating the biometric
`monitoring device, through one or a plurality of sensors, the
`device may detect one or many of physiological metrics
`including, but not limited to, the user's heart rate.
`[0003] The device may have a user interface directly on the
`device that indicates the state of one or more of the data types
`available and/or being tracked/acquired. The user interface
`may also be used to display data from other devices or Inter(cid:173)
`net sources.
`[0004] The device may implement wireless communica(cid:173)
`tions so that when the user and device comes within range of
`a wireless base station or access point, the stored data auto(cid:173)
`matically uploads to an internet viewable source such as a
`website.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`[0005]
`In the course of the detailed description to follow,
`reference will be made to the attached drawings. These draw(cid:173)
`ings show different aspects of the present inventions and,
`where appropriate, reference numerals illustrating like struc(cid:173)
`tures, components, materials and/or elements in different fig(cid:173)
`ures are labeled similarly. The various embodiments dis(cid:173)
`closed herein are illustrated by way of example, and not by
`way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying draw(cid:173)
`ings and in which like reference numerals refer to the same
`and/or similar structures/components/features/elements. It is
`understood that various combinations of the structures, com(cid:173)
`ponents, features and/or elements, other than those specifi(cid:173)
`cally shown, are contemplated and are within the scope of the
`present inventions.
`[0006] Moreover, there are many inventions described and
`illustrated herein. The present inventions are neither limited
`to any single aspect nor embodiment thereof, nor to any
`combinations and/or permutations of such aspects and/or
`embodiments. Moreover, each of the aspects of the present
`inventions, and/or embodiments thereof, may be employed
`alone or in combination with one or more of the other aspects
`of the present inventions and/or embodiments thereof. For the
`sake of brevity, certain permutations and combinations are
`not discussed and/or illustrated separately herein.
`[0007] The various embodiments disclosed herein are illus(cid:173)
`trated by way of example, and not by way oflimitation, in the
`
`figures of the accompanying drawings and in which like ref(cid:173)
`erence numerals refer to similar elements and in which:
`[0008] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary portable monitoring
`device which enables user interaction via a user interface,
`wherein the portable monitoring device may have a user
`interface, processor, biometric sensor(s), memory, environ(cid:173)
`mental sensor(s) and/or a wireless transceiver which may
`communicate with an external device (for example, a client
`and/or server);
`[0009] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary portable biometric
`monitoring device which may be secured to the user through
`the use of a band; the exemplary portable biometric monitor(cid:173)
`ing device may have a display, button(s ), electronics package,
`and/or a band or an attachment band; notably, the band or
`attachment band is employed to secure the portable biometric
`monitoring device to the user, for example, an appendage of
`the user, for example, via hooks and loops ( e.g., Velcro), a
`clasp, and/or a band having memory of its shape ( e.g. through
`the use of, for example, a spring metal band, elastic band, a
`"rubber" band, and/or a watch-like band);
`[0010] FIG. 3 illustrates a view of the skin facing portion of
`the portable biometric monitoring device of, for example,
`FIG. 2; notably, in this embodiment, the portable monitoring
`device includes a sensor protrusion and recess for mating a
`charger and/or data transmission cable; notable, the protru(cid:173)
`sion may more firmly maintain the sensor in contact with the
`skin of the user (for example, predetermined or fixed rela(cid:173)
`tional contact with the skin of the user);
`[0011] FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view (through the
`electronics package) of an exemplary portable biometric
`monitoring device;
`[0012] FIG. 5 illustrates a cross sectional view of a sensor
`protrusion of an exemplary portable biometric monitoring
`device; notably, two light sources (e.g. LED's) may be
`located on one or more sides of the photodetector (for
`example, either side or opposing sides of a photodetector) to
`enable photoplethysmography (PPG) sensing wherein light
`blocking material may be placed between the light sources
`and the photodetector to prevent any light from the light
`sources from going through the device body and being
`detected by the photodetector (in one embodiment, the light
`sources and photodetector are placed on a flexible PCB); a
`flexible transparent layer may be placed on the lower surface
`of the sensor protrusion to form a seal wherein the transparent
`layer may provide other functions such as preventing liquid
`from entering the device where the light sources or photode(cid:173)
`tectors are disposed or placed; notably, the transparent layer
`may be formed through in-mold labeling or "IML";
`[0013] FIG. 6 illustrates a cross sectional view of a sensor
`protrusion of an exemplary portable biometric monitoring
`device; notably, the protrusion is similar to that illustrated in
`the exemplary portable biometric monitoring device of FIG.
`5; however, the light sources and photodetector are placed on
`a flat and/or rigid PCB;
`[0014] FIG. 7 illustrates another cross-sectional view of a
`PPG sensor, wherein in this embodiment, the PPG sensor
`does not include a protrusion; moreover, a gasket and/or a
`pressure sensitive adhesive may be employed to resist, inhibit
`and/or prevent liquid from entering the body of the device;
`[0015] FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary geometry of a PPG
`light source and photodetector wherein, in this embodiment,
`two light sources are placed on either side of a photodetector;
`notably, the lights sources and photodetector may be disposed
`or located in a protrusion on the back of a portable biometric
`
`32
`
`

`

`US 2014/0107493 Al
`
`Apr. 17, 2014
`
`2
`
`monitoring device which may also operate as a smart watch
`(the side which faces the skin of the user);
`[0016] FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary PPG sensor having a
`photodetector and two LED light sources which may be dis(cid:173)
`posed or located in a portable biometric monitoring device
`having a protrusion; notably, in this embodiment, light pipes
`are optically connected the LED's and photodetector to the
`surface of the user's skin, wherein, in operation, the light
`from the light sources scatters/reflects off of blood in the
`body, some of which reaches the photodetector via the light
`pipes; notably, the light pipes preferentially direct or transmit
`light along a predetermined path, for example, defined by the
`geometry and/or material of the light pipe;
`[0017] FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary PPG detector hav(cid:173)
`ing a protrusion with curved sides to reduce and/or minimize
`any discomfort to the user during operation and/or to more
`firmly maintain the sensor in contact with the skin of the user
`(for example, predetermined or fixed relational contact with
`the skin of the user); in this embodiment, the surface oflight
`pipes are connect the photodetector and LEDs to the user's
`skin and are contoured to enhance and/or maximize light flux
`coupling between the LEDs and photodetectors to the light
`pipes; notably, the end of the light pipes which face the user's
`skin may also contoured wherein this contour may provide
`focusing or defocusing to enhance and/or optimize the PPG
`signal (for example, the contour may focus light to a certain
`depth and location which coincides with an area where blood
`flow is likely to occur); in addition, the vertex of these foci
`overlap or are very close together so that the photodetector
`may receive, for example, the maximum possible amount of
`scattered/reflected light;
`[0018] FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary portable biometric
`monitoring device having a band and optical sensors and light
`emitters disposed therein;
`[0019] FIG. 12 illustrates a portable biometric monitoring
`device having a display and wristband; an optical PPG ( e.g.
`heart rate) detection sensors and/or emitters may be disposed
`or located on the side of the device; notably, in one embodi(cid:173)
`ment, the sensors and/or emitters are disposed or located in
`buttons mounted on the side of the device;
`[0020] FIG. 13 illustrates a user who is inputting a user
`input by pressing the side of a portable biometric monitoring
`device wherein, in response, the device takes a heart rate
`measurement from a side mounted optical heart rate detection
`sensor; a display of the device may thereafter display whether
`or not the heart rate has been detected and/or display the
`user's heart rate;
`[0021] FIG. 14 illustrates functionality of a portable bio(cid:173)
`metric monitoring device smart alarm feature wherein, in this
`embodiment, the monitoring device may be able to detect or
`may be in communication with a device which can detect the
`sleep stage or state of a user ( e.g. light or deep sleep); the user
`may set a window of time which they would like to be awoken
`(e.g. 6:15 am to 6:45 am); the smartalarmmaybetriggered by
`the user going into a light sleep state during the alarm win(cid:173)
`dow;
`[0022] FIG. 15 illustrates, in a flow diagram form, the
`operation of a portable biometric monitoring device which
`changes how the device detects a user's heart rate based on
`how much movement the device is experiencing; in this
`embodiment, there is motion detected ( e.g. through the use of
`an accelerometer), the user may be considered active and high
`sampling rate heart rate detection may occur to reduce motion
`artifacts in the heart rate measurement; the data may be saved
`
`and/or displayed; notably, where the user is not moving, low
`sampling heart rate detection (which does not consume as
`much power) may be adequate to measure a heart rate;
`[0023] FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary portable monitor(cid:173)
`ing device which has a bicycle application (resident thereon)
`which may display speed and/or cadence among other met(cid:173)
`rics; the application may be activated whenever the monitor(cid:173)
`ing device comes into proximity of a passive or active NFC
`tag, which may be attached to or disposed on the bicycle, for
`example, the bicycle handlebar(s), frame and/or pedal(s);
`[0024] FIG. 17 illustrates an exemplary PPG sensor having
`a light source, light detector, ADC, processor, DAC/GPIOs,
`and light source intensity and on/off control;
`[0025] FIG. 18 illustrates an exemplary PPG sensor which
`is similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 17; in this
`embodiment, however, the sensor employs a sample and hold
`circuit as well as analog signal conditioning;
`[0026] FIG. 19 illustrates an exemplary PPG sensor which
`is similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 17; in this
`embodiment, however, the sensor employs a sample and hold
`circuit (and, in one embodiment, oversamples the signals);
`[0027] FIG. 20 illustrates an exemplary PPG sensor having
`multiple switchable light sources and detectors, light source
`intensity and on/off control, and signal conditioning circuitry
`[0028] FIG. 21 illustrates an exemplary PPG sensor which
`uses synchronous detection; notably, in this embodiment, a
`demodulator is employed to detect/recover the signal;
`[0029] FIG. 22 illustrates an exemplary PPG sensor which
`is similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 17; in this
`embodiment, however, the sensor employs a differential
`amplifier in the signal detection path;
`[0030] FIG. 23 illustrates an exemplary PPG sensor having
`many of the features/circuitry illustrated in FIG. 17-22;
`[0031] FIG. 24 illustrates certain circuitry/elements of an
`exemplary portable biometric monitoring device having a
`heart rate or PPG sensor, motion sensor, display, vibromotor/
`vibramotor, and communication circuitry which are con(cid:173)
`nected to a processor;
`[0032] FIG. 25 illustrates certain circuitry/elements of an
`exemplary portable biometric monitoring device having a
`heart rate or PPG sensor, motion sensor, display, vibromotor/
`vibramotor, location sensor, altitude sensor, skin conduc(cid:173)
`tance/wet sensor and communication circuitry which is con(cid:173)
`nected to a processor;
`[0033] FIG. 26 illustrates certain circuitry/elements of an
`exemplary portable monitoring device having physiological
`sensors, environmental sensors, and/or location sensors con(cid:173)
`nected to a processor;
`[0034] FIG. 27 illustrates, in block diagram form, exem(cid:173)
`plary signal flow of motion signals and optical PPG signals
`which are employed to measure a heart rate of the user;
`[0035] FIG. 28 illustrates, in block diagram form, exem(cid:173)
`plary signal flow of motion signals and optical PPG signals
`which are employed to measure a heart rate of the user;
`[0036] FIG. 29 illustrates a sensor which has an analog
`connection to a sensor processor which, in turn, has a digital
`connection to an application processor;
`[0037] FIG. 30 illustrates a sensor device which has one or
`multiple sensors connected to an application processor; and
`[0038] FIG. 31 illustrates a sensor device which has one or
`multiple sensors connected to sensor processors which, in
`turn, are connected to an application processor.
`[0039] Again, there are many inventions described and
`illustrated herein. The present inventions are neither limited
`
`33
`
`

`

`US 2014/0107493 Al
`
`Apr. 17, 2014
`
`3
`
`to any single aspect nor embodiment thereof, nor to any
`combinations and/or permutations of such aspects and/or
`embodiments. Each of the aspects of the present inventions,
`and/or embodiments thereof, may be employed alone or in
`combination with one or more of the other aspects of the
`present inventions and/or embodiments thereof. For the sake
`ofbrevity, many of those combinations and permutations are
`not discussed separately herein.
`[0040] Moreover, many other aspects, inventions and
`embodiments, which may be different from and/or similar to,
`the aspects, inventions and embodiments illustrated in the
`drawings, will be apparent from the description, illustrations
`and claims, which follow. In addition, although various fea(cid:173)
`tures and attributes have been illustrated in the drawings
`and/or are apparent in light thereof, it should be understood
`that such features and attributes, and advantages thereof, are
`not required whether in one, some or all of the embodiments
`of the present inventions and, indeed, need not be present in
`any of the embodiments of the present inventions.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`[0041] At the outset, it should be noted that there are many
`inventions described and illustrated herein. The present
`inventions are neither limited to any single aspect nor
`embodiment thereof, nor to any combinations and/or permu(cid:173)
`tations of such aspects and/or embodiments. Moreover, each
`of the aspects of the present inventions, and/or embodiments
`thereof, may be employed alone or in combination with one
`or more of the other aspects of the present inventions and/or
`embodiments thereof. For the sake of brevity, many of those
`permutations and combinations will not be discussed sepa(cid:173)
`rately herein.
`[0042] Further, in the course of describing and illustrating
`the present inventions, various circuitry, architectures, struc(cid:173)
`tures, components, functions and/or elements, as well as com(cid:173)
`binations and/or permutations thereof, are set forth. It should
`be understood that circuitry, architectures, structures, com(cid:173)
`ponents, functions and/or elements other than those specifi(cid:173)
`cally described and illustrated, are contemplated and are
`within the scope of the present inventions, as well as combi(c