UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`___________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`___________
`
`CLOUDFLARE, INC. and
`SPLUNK INC.,
`Petitioners,
`
`v.
`
`SABLE NETWORKS, INC.
`Patent Owner.
`
`___________
`
`IPR2021-009091
`Patent 8,243,593 B2
`___________
`
`DECLARATION OF MARGI SPITZER
`
`1 Splunk, Inc., which filed a petition in IPR2022-00228, has been joined as a
`petitioner in this proceeding.
`
`
`
`Cloudflare – Exhibit 1098, page 1
`
`

`

`
`
`I, Margi Spitzer, declare as follows:
`
`1.
`
`I make this declaration based on my personal knowledge and if called
`
`to do so could and would testify to the facts stated in this declaration. I am not
`
`being paid to prepare or sign this declaration.
`
`2. My resume (from 2004) is attached to this declaration. I hold a
`
`Bachelor of Science degree, summa cum laude, in Computer Science from San
`
`Diego State University. I worked as a software engineer at Amdahl Corporation
`
`from 1984 until 1991, and as a technical trainer at Amdahl Corporation from 1991-
`
`1992. I worked at Netlabs from 1992 until 1997 as a technical trainer and
`
`curriculum developer, and during that time I began writing technical marketing
`
`documents.
`
`3.
`
`From 1998 through 2004, I worked at Packeteer, Inc., reaching the
`
`title of Technical Communications Lead. My role with Packeteer included
`
`technical writing, competitive analysis, preparing marketing collateral (such as
`
`datasheets, brochures, and customer success stories), writing product white papers,
`
`and writing material for Packeteer’s website. My work spanned the various
`
`Packeteer product lines, including the PacketShaper product line. PacketShaper
`
`was the major product for Packeteer.
`
`4. When I was working for Packeteer, I wrote the paper entitled “Four
`
`Steps to Application Performance Across the Network” dated September 2002 (the
`
`40197\14829525.1
`
`
`
`
`
`Cloudflare – Exhibit 1098, page
`
`2
`
`

`

`
`
`“Four-Steps Whitepaper”) that is attached to this declaration. I understand that it
`
`has been identified as Exhibit 1006. When I wrote the Four-Steps Whitepaper, I
`
`worked with engineers at Packeteer to obtain updated lists of both a) the
`
`applications PacketShaper automatically identified and classified and b) the
`
`metrics that PacketShaper collected to use in its own analysis graphs and to export
`
`to third-party applications. Those lists are reflected on pages 5-6 and 18 of the
`
`Four-Steps Whitepaper. I waited for the PacketShaper software to be sufficiently
`
`complete so that we could include screenshots from the software in the Four-Steps
`
`Whitepaper. Examples of such screenshots are shown throughout the Four-Steps
`
`Whitepaper including on pages 4, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 21, and 25. After writing this
`
`and other whitepapers, a team of at least two engineers, one marketing person, and
`
`one director reviewed my documents to ensure accuracy.
`
`5.
`
`I also drafted an earlier version of the Four-Steps Whitepaper in 2001.
`
`I revised that earlier version to generate the September 2002 version. One purpose
`
`of updating the paper’s contents was to ensure that the whitepaper on Packeteer’s
`
`website reflected the latest release and features of the PacketShaper software.
`
`Another purpose of updating the whitepaper was to make it ready for distribution
`
`at upcoming trade shows and industry events. The September 2002 version of the
`
`Four-Steps Whitepaper (the one that is attached to this declaration) was made
`
`available to the public in September 2002 as indicated on the cover of the paper.
`
`
`
`
`
`Cloudflare – Exhibit 1098, page 3
`
`

`

`
`
`6.
`
`The Four-Steps Whitepaper was a big part of Packeteer’s marketing of
`
`the PacketShaper product. I understood when I wrote it that the purpose was to
`
`inform prospective customers’ IT decisionmakers about the functions and
`
`capabilities of the PacketShaper. I also understood that the different versions of
`
`the whitepaper, including the September 2002 Four-Steps Whitepaper, were
`
`intended to be handed out at the seminars and trade shows where we presented the
`
`PacketShaper. Our salespeople and sales engineers would typically send
`
`whitepapers, including the September 2002 Four-Steps Whitepaper, to prospective
`
`customer accounts as part of their outreach.
`
`7.
`
`I also know from my time at Packeteer that sales and marketing
`
`employees as well as channel partners would e-mail the Four-Steps Whitepaper,
`
`including the September 2002 version, to potential sales contacts at other
`
`companies or institutions. On many occasions, I myself emailed the Four-Steps
`
`Whitepaper (the September 2002 version) to people at other companies and
`
`institutions. For example, I recall several instances when a Packeteer engineer,
`
`marketing director, or VP came to my desk and asked me to email the Four-Steps
`
`Whitepaper to a potential customer, which I did.
`
`8.
`
`I specifically recall that on one occasion, I sent the Four-Steps
`
`Whitepaper (the September 2002 version) via email to an Information Technology
`
`staff person at the University of Southern California. I had learned from a contact
`
`
`
`
`
`Cloudflare – Exhibit 1098, page 4
`
`

`

`
`
`at USC that the school was experiencing network delays and application
`
`slowdowns due to students’ use of their campus network for music and
`
`entertainment downloads, and I thought sending the Four-Steps Whitepaper might
`
`generate some interest in the PacketShaper as a solution to the problem.
`
`9.
`
`Different versions of Four-Steps Whitepaper were posted on
`
`Packeteer’s website at different times on the PacketShaper product page. A
`
`customer, or anyone with interest in Packeteer products, could access the website
`
`and navigate to the PacketShaper product page. The PacketShaper product page
`
`had a link to the paper. Beginning in September 2002, the PacketShaper product
`
`page linked to the version of the Four-Steps Whitepaper that is attached to this
`
`declaration. The whitepaper could be accessed and downloaded by anyone without
`
`using any access credentials like a password and without getting advanced
`
`permission from Packeteer. We wanted people to download and read Packeteer’s
`
`product literature, including the Four-Steps Whitepaper.
`
`10. On the cover of the September 2002 version of the Four-Steps
`
`Whitepaper there is a copyright notice. I included that notice to signify only that
`
`Packeteer owned the whitepaper and to dissuade other companies from coopting
`
`any part of it to promote competing products. The copyright notice was not
`
`intended to prevent people from reading the Four-Steps Whitepaper or from
`
`sharing the URL where the Four-Steps Whitepaper could be viewed. Again, this
`
`
`
`
`
`Cloudflare – Exhibit 1098, page 5
`
`

`

`
`
`was an important marketing document, and we wanted it to be reviewed by as
`
`many of our potential customers as possible.
`
`11. After I left Packeteer at the end of 2004, I worked as a vocational and
`
`interview consultant for job seekers with disabilities for such organizations as the
`
`CA Dept. of Rehabilitation, Project Hired, World Institute on Disability, and
`
`others. I went back to school for a master’s degree in TESOL (“Teaching English
`
`to Speakers of other Languages,” offered in the Linguistics department) from San
`
`Jose State University in 2008. Since then, I have had an additional career teaching
`
`English as a second language. I have not taught since the onset of COVID-19 in
`
`2020.
`
`12.
`
`I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the United States
`
`of America that the foregoing is true and correct.
`
`Executed this 27th day of May, 2022, in San Jose.
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`
`Margi Spitzer
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Cloudflare – Exhibit 1098, page 6
`
`

`

`Attachment 1 of 2
`
`Resume of Margi Spitzer
`
`Cloudflare - Exhibit 1098, page 7
`
`

`

`1462 Bing Dr.
`San Jose, CA 95129
`
`Margi Spitzer
`
`408-252-7053
`margi_spitzer@yahoo.com
`
`Objective
`A position as a technical storyteller writing white papers, sales collateral, product solutions, and/or
`training curriculum where I can work with talented enthusiastic people and intriguing products
`Strengths
` A knack for translating technical complexity into approachable, understandable prose
` Diverse background as a software engineer, product manager, technical trainer, and writer
` Thorough understanding of all phases of the product development lifecycle
` Ability to recognize core issues quickly amid confusing complexity
` Talent for spotting customer needs and turning them into product requirements
` Unusual combination of technical depth, customer empathy, sales perspective, and writing
`skills
`
`Experience
`Technical Communications Lead
`1998-2004
`Packeteer, Cupertino, CA
` Created and maintained white papers to explain the value, technology, and competitive
`advantages of a large, multi-featured networking product line; wrote the paper that had the
`most hits per month of all web-based company material and was the sales team’s favorite
`revenue-generating tool
` Wrote and published 30+ magazine articles on WAN optimization and application
`performance improvement
` Designed and developed a best-practices website to guide customers through the phases of
`large deployments, including product evaluation, purchase, installation, and day-to-day usage
` Coordinated IPO-preparation activities, serving as the company’s liaison to the team of
`bankers and lawyers charged with the task of taking the company public; wrote the business
`section of the IPO S1 materials for the SEC
` Designed and developed course curriculum on application performance management tools;
`course materials consistently garnered top scores (9.5/10) in class evaluations for all five
`years in use
` Wrote 90+ briefings on how to use company products to solve common industry problems:
`DoS attacks, universities’ music-download floods, bandwidth bottlenecks, stutter and static
`from VoIP and streaming media, and more
`Product Manager
`1997
`e-traffic, San Jose, CA
`Juggled a variety of responsibilities for a new start-up including product definition, technical
`marketing, and feature and user-interface design
`Technical Trainer, Program Manager Netlabs, Los Altos, CA
`1992-1997
` Served as technical liaison between engineering and marketing – designed new features,
`reviewed architecture proposals, negotiated release contents and priorities, and provided user
`advocacy
` Developed and delivered training to field engineers, consultants, and customers on the use of
`SNMP-based event-correlation tools
` Wrote white papers that analyzed solutions for managing large corporate networks; one paper
`prompted our product’s first unsolicited sale
` Served as program manager for a product’s first two releases, coordinating interdepartmental
`product development efforts (schedules, dependencies, release contents, technical issues)
`
`Cloudflare - Exhibit 1098, page 8
`
`

`

`Technical Trainer
`1991-1992
`Amdahl Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA
` Developed and delivered a series of classes to 70 engineers covering the organization of 1.5
`million lines of C code, debuggers, error handling, and inter-process communication
` Trained technicians and engineers on topics including source control, software development
`scheduling, presentation skills, and FrameMaker
`Software Engineer
`1984-1991
`Amdahl Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA
`Designed, coded, and tested numerous C/UNIX software projects leading to positions in project
`management and technical leadership
`
`Skills
`MS Word, MS Powerpoint, FrameMaker, DreamWeaver, RoboHelp, Visio, C, Perl, HTML, SNMP,
`TCP/IP, VoIP, PacketShaper, HP OpenView, Network Node Manager, NerveCenter
`Education
`BS in Computer Science with minors in Mathematics and Spanish, San Diego State University,
`Summa cum Laude
`A wide variety of classes from UCSC and Stanford extension and other sources, including:
` Networking Fundamentals
` The Art of Persuasion
` SNMP Network Management
` Marketing Writing
` WAN Optimization
` Presentation Skills
` Creating Web-Based Documentation
` Training Adults
` FrameMaker
` Training for Different Learning Styles
` DreamWeaver
` Facilitation Skills
`
`Cloudflare - Exhibit 1098, page 9
`
`

`

`Attachment 2 of 2
`
`4 Steps to Application Performance
`Across the Network With Packeteer’s
`PacketShaper®
`
`Cloudflare - Exhibit 1098, page 10
`
`

`

`Technical Product Overview
`
`
`
`
`Four Steps to Application Performance
`Across the Network
`
` With Packeteer’s PacketShaper®
`
`
`September 2002
`
`
`Packeteer, Inc.
`Cupertino, CA 95014
`408.873.4400
`info@packeteer.com
`www.packeteer.com
`
`
`
`
`
`Company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Copyright 2002 Packeteer,
`Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, photocopied, stored on a retrieval system, transmitted, or
`translated into another language without the express written consent of Packeteer, Inc.
`
`
`
`
`P/N 1600.B
`
`Cloudflare - Exhibit 1098, page 11
`
`

`

`Table of Contents
`Four Steps to Application Performance ..........................................................................3
`What Is PacketShaper? .................................................................................................3
`Ease of Deployment and Use........................................................................................4
`A Four-Step Snapshot...................................................................................................4
`Step One: Classifying Network Traffic............................................................................5
`Applications and Protocols — Automatically ..............................................................5
`Classification, a Step Above.........................................................................................6
`Common Classification Approaches ............................................................................8
`Step Two: Analyzing Traffic.............................................................................................9
`Utilization Analysis ......................................................................................................9
`Performance Analysis.................................................................................................14
`Raw Metrics................................................................................................................18
`Step Three: Controlling Traffic......................................................................................19
`Partitioning Bandwidth...............................................................................................19
`Per-Session Rate Policies ...........................................................................................21
`Other Policies..............................................................................................................22
`Rate-Control Features.................................................................................................22
`Universal Translator ...................................................................................................24
`Detecting and Avoiding Attacks.................................................................................24
`Step Four: Generating Reports ......................................................................................24
`Following a Typical Investigation...................................................................................26
`Deployment — When and Where...................................................................................27
`Most Appropriate Situations.......................................................................................27
`Choosing a Deployment Strategy ...............................................................................28
`Feature Sets.........................................................................................................28
`Locations .............................................................................................................28
`Topology Pictures................................................................................................29
`Story of a Deployment Progression.....................................................................30
`Questions to Ponder ............................................................................................30
`For More Information .....................................................................................................30
`
`
`
`
`Packeteer, Inc.
`
`2
`
`
`
`Cloudflare - Exhibit 1098, page 12
`
`

`

`Four Steps to Application Performance
`Sluggish mission-critical applications are bad for business. Unfortunately,
`non-critical or less urgent applications tend to dominate when applications
`battle for bandwidth on congested WAN access links. Large email
`attachments or high-capacity file transfers consume more than their share
`of bandwidth, while Oracle, SAP, Citrix, and other critical applications
`struggle. Do any of these problems sound familiar to you?
`• A user downloads a large file and SAP performance lags.
`• An employee synchronizes his laptop with the message server and clogs the branch office’s
`WAN link for 15 minutes.
`• Music enthusiasts’ MP3 downloads cause more urgent, interactive applications to struggle.
`Intranet applications served from a central site offer employees easy access but poor
`•
`performance.
`• Repeated bandwidth upgrades fail to address performance problems but do increase costs
`substantially.
`Today’s enterprises require performance, predictability, and consistency from their networks and
`the applications that traverse them. And that’s precisely what PacketShaper® from Packeteer
`delivers.
`This paper describes a process to avoid problems like those described in the examples above and
`serves as a technical product overview for the PacketShaper product line. The paper is intended
`for system and network administrators in organizations that manage their own applications and
`network performance.
`What Is PacketShaper?
`In enterprise networks that are overwhelmed by increasing amounts of traffic, unmanaged
`congestion at WAN-access links and Internet links undermines application performance,
`resulting in impaired employee and company productivity. Network managers spend increasing
`portions of the budget on bandwidth upgrades in attempts to solve the performance problems,
`only to find that the problems persist.
`PacketShaper is the bandwidth-management solution that brings predictable, efficient
`performance to applications running over enterprise wide-area networks (WANs) and the
`Internet. It balances traffic’s demands, giving each type of traffic the bandwidth it needs to
`perform. PacketShaper protects critical traffic, paces bandwidth-greedy traffic, and prevents any
`single type of traffic from monopolizing resources. It provisions bandwidth to applications,
`sessions, branch offices, and/or users.
`PacketShaper’s four-step approach safeguards application performance and maximizes return on
`network capacity. It provides insight into and control over network usage. PacketShaper
`discovers and classifies applications, analyzes their performance, enforces policy-based
`bandwidth allocation, and generates reports on the results. With PacketShaper, you can control
`application performance to suit business priorities, make efficient use of a limited-capacity link,
`increase throughput, and protect critical applications.
`
`
`
`Packeteer, Inc.
`
`3
`
`
`
`Cloudflare - Exhibit 1098, page 13
`
`

`

`Ease of Deployment and Use
`PacketShaper sits behind WAN-link routers and/or Internet-link routers at main sites and at
`branch offices. PacketShaper must be positioned so that it sees all traffic you intend it to manage.
`You can choose to deploy PacketShaper comprehensively throughout many or all offices, or you
`can start more slowly and follow a phased deployment strategy by starting with a main site first.
`Benefits vary with topology and deployment strategy. PacketShaper is available in a variety of
`models based on capacity and features. For more detail, see Deployment — When and Where
`later in this paper.
`PacketShaper installation is easy and consists of plugging in two cables and entering address and
`access information on a web-based setup page. PacketShaper integrates cleanly with existing
`network infrastructure, imposing no changes on router configuration, topologies, desktops, or
`servers. It also integrates smoothly with central, third-party management platforms and reporting
`tools such as HP OpenView®, HP Policy Xpert™, Micromuse NETCOOL™, InfoVista™,
`Microsoft Excel®, and others. In addition, Packeteer’s PolicyCenter™ provides the convenience
`of centralized management in large deployments, and Packeteer’s ReportCenter provides full-
`featured reports
`analyzing utilization and
`performance for
`multiple locations.
`A web-based user
`interface offers access to
`PacketShaper from any
`desktop with a web
`browser. A command-
`line interface offers fast,
`detailed control from a
`Telnet session. You
`choose the level of
`security required to
`examine and alter
`PacketShaper’s
`configuration and
`measurement data.
`A Four-Step Snapshot
`Each step in PacketShaper’s four-step bandwidth-management strategy is an integral part of
`managing application performance. The steps are introduced below and explained in more detail
`in the remainder of the paper.
`One: Classify Network Traffic
`It’s hard to protect an application if you can’t differentiate it from other types of
`traffic. PacketShaper detects and identifies thousands of types of traffic. You can
`isolate traffic associated with applications, protocols, subnets, web pages, users, and
`more.
`
`
`
`Packeteer, Inc.
`
`4
`
`
`
`Cloudflare - Exhibit 1098, page 14
`
`

`

`Two: Analyze Behavior
`How is limited bandwidth consumed? Why do critical applications move so slowly?
`PacketShaper provides detailed analysis of network and application behavior. It
`tracks traffic levels, detects network trends, measures response time, and calculates
`network efficiency.
`Three: Control Performance
`Managing application performance is a matter of precisely allocating bandwidth
`according to business requirements and the needs of the applications themselves.
`PacketShaper enables the control of all types of traffic: steady rates for voice or
`video streams; immediate passage for small, delay-sensitive traffic such as Telnet;
`and a balance of consistent access and a bandwidth limit for applications such as
`Microsoft Exchange that are both bandwidth-hungry and critically important.
`Four: Report Results
`Comprehensive reports, graphs, and tables provide easy insight into historical
`performance, load, efficiency, and application-based service-level compliance.
`If performance is not suitable, control policies can be modified to bring
`response times within range and keep new traffic and applications from
`unintended impact. Reports offer proof that applications continue to perform as
`desired, even during network growth.
`
`
`Step One: Classifying Network Traffic
`Identifying and categorizing the types of network traffic that compete for limited bandwidth is
`the first step toward solving performance problems. Packeteer calls this process classification.
`Rich traffic classification is crucial — bandwidth controls are useful only if you can apply them
`to the precise traffic you have in mind. In addition, administrators are usually surprised to see the
`diversity of their network applications.
`You can classify traffic by application, protocol, port number, URL or
`wildcard, host name, LDAP host lists, Diffserv setting, MPLS labels, IP
`precedence bits, IP or MAC address, subnet, travel direction
`(inbound/outbound), source, destination, host speed range, Mime type, web
`browser, Oracle database, Citrix published application, Citrix ICA priority
`tagging, VLAN varieties, and more. PacketShaper builds a hierarchical
`traffic-classification tree, inserting an entry for every distinct traffic type it
`observes. Each traffic category is called a traffic class.
`While most products can differentiate traffic based on layers two through four of the standard
`OSI networking model, PacketShaper classifies traffic based on layers two through seven, telling
`you precisely which applications are in use.
`Applications and Protocols — Automatically
`Packeteer continually adds to the list of protocols and applications PacketShaper classifies
`automatically. A recent list includes the following services:
`
`
`
`Packeteer, Inc.
`
`5
`
`
`
`Cloudflare - Exhibit 1098, page 15
`
`

`

`Messaging
`AOL Instant Msging
`ICQ Chat
`MSN Messenger
`Yahoo! Messenger
`Internet Relay Chat
`
`Misc
`CiscoCTI
`Date-Time
`DICOM
`HL7
`NewsStand
`Time Server
`WebShots
`
`MultiMedia
`Multi-cast
` NetShow
`NetMeeting
`QuickTime
`RTP
`Real Audio
`Streamworks
`RTSP
`MPEG
`ST2
`SHOUTcast
`WebEx
`WindowsMedia
`
`
`Music P2P
`Aimster
`AudioGalaxy
`Blubster
`DirectConnect
`eDonkey
`FileRogue
`Gnutella
`Groove
`Hotline
`iMesh
`KaZaA
`Napster
`Scour
`Tripnosis
`
`Network
`Management
`Cisco Discovery
`ICMP by
` packet type
`Microsoft SMS
`NTP
`RSVP
`SNMP
`SYSLOG
`
`Print
`LPR
`IPP
`TN5250p
`TN3287
`
`Thin Client or
`Server Based
`Citrix
` Published Apps
` and VideoFrame
`RDP/Terminal
` Server
`
`Voice over IP
`Clarent
`CUSeeMe
`Dialpad
`H.323
`I-Phone
`MCK Commun.
`Micom VIP
`Net2Phone
`RTP
`RTCP
`T.120
`VDOPhone
`
`
`Routing
`AURP
`BGP
`CBT
`DRP
`EGP
`EIGRP
`IGMP
`IGP
`MPLS (+tag, +app)
`OSPF
`PIM
`RARP
`RIP
`Spanning Tree
`VLAN (802.1p/q)
`
`Security
`Protocol
`DLS
`DPA
`GRE
`IPSEC
`ISAKMP/IKE
` key exchange
`L2TP
`PPTP
`SOCKS Proxy
`
`Session
`REXEC
`rlogin
`rsh
`Telnet
`Timbuktu
`VNC
`Xwindows
`
`Client/Server
`CORBA
`CVS
`Folding@Home
`FIX (Finance)
`Java Rmt Mthd
`MATIP (Airline)
`MeetingMaker
`NetIQ AppMngr
`OpenConnect JCP
`SunRPC (dyn
`port)
`
`Content
`Delivery
`Backweb
`Chaincast
`EntryPoint
`Kontiki
`Marimba
`PointCast
`
`ERP
`Baan
`JavaClient
`JD Edwards
`Oracle (7,8,9i)
`SAP
`
`Games
`Asheron’s Call
`Battle.net
`Diablo II
`Doom
`EverQuest
`Kali
`Half-Life
`LucasArts (Jedi*)
`MSN Zone
`Mythic
`Quake I, II, & III
`SonyOnline
`Tribes I,II
`Unreal
`Warcraft III
`Yahoo! Games
`
`Host Access
`ATSTCP
`Attachmate
` SHARESUDP
`Persoft Persona
`SMTBF
`TN3270
`TN5250
`
`Legacy LAN
`and Non-IP
`AFP
`AppleTalk
`DECnet
`IPX
`FNA
`LAT
`NetBEUI
`MOP-DL/RC
`PPPoE
`SNA
`
`
`Database
`FileMaker Pro
`MS SQL
`Oracle 7/8i
`Progress
`
`Directory
`Services
`CRS
`DHCP
`DNS
`DPA
`Finger
`Ident
`Kerberos
`LDAP
`RADIUS
`TACACS
`WINS
`whois
`
`E-mail,
`Collaboration
`Biff
`cc:MAIL
`IMAP
`LotusNotes MSSQ
`Microsoft DCOM
` (MS Exchange)
`Novell
` GroupWise
`POP3
`SMTP
`
`File Server
`AFS
`CVSup
`Lockd
`Microsoft-ds
`NetBIOS-IP
`NFS
`Novell
` NetWare5
`
`Internet
`ActiveX
`FTP, Passive FTP
`Gopher
`IP, IPIP, UDP, TCP
`IPv6
`IRC
`Mime type
`NNTP
`SSHTCP
`SSL
`TFTP
`UUCP
`URL
`Web browser
`New applications come along at quite a pace these days. Packeteer makes new application
`classification features available to customers between software releases with an easy plug-in
`feature. When the next obtrusive or critical application comes along, a small download enables
`your PacketShaper to automatically detect it.
`Classification, a Step Above
`The number of applications is growing, and many of them are extremely bandwidth intensive.
`Limited bandwidth and shrinking or flat-line budgets are placing a further strain on networks.
`The growing complexities associated with network traffic make sophisticated classification
`techniques a necessity. Simple IP-address or static-port schemes fall short. PacketShaper detects
`dynamic port assignments, tracks transactions with migrating port assignments, differentiates
`among different applications using the same port, and uses layer-seven indicators to identify
`applications.
`
`Web Classification
`Sometimes it seems that two-thirds of network traffic is web traffic — from web browsing to
`web-based clients for mission-critical applications to XML-based e-commerce. But not all web
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`Packeteer, Inc.
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`6
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`Cloudflare - Exhibit 1098, page 16
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`traffic requires or deserves the same treatment. Web traffic can vary in urgency, sensitivity to
`latency, and performance requirements. PacketShaper can differentiate between different types
`of web traffic so that you can manage each with an appropriate strategy.
`For example, PacketShaper can use travel direction, server location, and/or URLs to distinguish
`employee browsing from your own (potentially profitable) customers’ shopping. It can separate
`critical HTTP XML from recreational HTTP MPEGs, preventing someone’s enthusiasm for
`Madonna or Metallica from interfering with e-business. Some very thin web-based clients, such
`as Oracle’s WebForms™ and web-based S390/AS400 host access, can look like normal HTTP
`traffic, but PacketShaper can classify them separately.
`
`Citrix and Oracle Classification
`PacketShaper can automatically isolate each published application running within a Citrix
`environment. For example, it can distinguish Microsoft Word from PeopleSoft, and it can
`distinguish interactive PeopleSoft traffic from its print traffic.
`PacketShaper differentiates many types of Oracle traffic, allowing you to tailor your analysis or
`management strategies. For example, PacketShaper can separate Oracle traffic accessing the
`“sales” database from Oracle traffic accessing the “accounting” database. PacketShaper
`identifies Oracle8i/9i and netv2 protocols using a multi-threaded server as well as the older
`Oracle 7 (or before) and netv1 protocols using a dedicated server.
`
`Intricate Port Classification
`When multiple applications use the
`same port, it is usually difficult to
`apply different management or
`analysis strategies because they
`appear as one application. Not so for
`PacketShaper. For example,
`PacketShaper can distinguish
`TN3270 and TN5250 sessions from
`other Telnet sessions even though
`all use well-known port 23.
`In addition, an application that hops
`from port to port can be a challenge
`to identify, because it looks like
`different applications. But, as
`before, not so for PacketShaper. For
`example, AOL instant messaging
`and passive FTP both hop ports
`frequently, but PacketShaper tracks
`them both throughout their journeys.
`
`File-Sharing Protocols
`Although specific peer-to-peer applications come and go with political and legal battles, there are
`now whole genres of peer-to-peer applications that facilitate file sharing. These favorites of
`music lovers have taken a heavy toll on network performance. Schools, businesses, and other
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`Packeteer, Inc.
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`7
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`Cloudflare - Exhibit 1098, page 17
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`organizations have no desire to issue oppressive and controversial mandates regarding
`unsanctioned use of the network. However, they do want to maintain control over their networks
`and uphold acceptable performance for mission-critical applications.
`PacketShaper automatically identifies a large number of these file-sharing applications, enabling
`you to control their behavior (with control features, coming later). These include Aimster,
`AudioGalaxy, Blubster, DirectConnect, eDonkey, Gnutella (BearShare, Furi, Gnotella,
`Gnucleus, Gnut, Gnewtellium, Hagelslag, LimeWire, Mactella, Newtella, Phex, ToadNode),
`Groove, Hotline, Imesh, KaZaA, Napster (amster, BeNapster, BitchX, TekNap, crapster, gnap,
`gnapster, gnome-napster, hackster, iNapster, jnap, Knapster, Lopster, MacStar, MyNapster, nap,
`NapAmp, TkNap, Riscster, Shuban, snap, webnap, XmNap, AudioGnome, Rapigator, potlight,
`StaticNap, Swaptor, WinMX, macster, Rapster, PMNapster QNX, phaster), Scour, Tripnosis,
`and, believe it or not, even more of these popular vehicles.
`
`Multiple Locations
`When customers choose main-site deployment, the ability to distinguish traffic from each branch
`office becomes crucial. PacketShaper can classify traffic according to subnet, IP address, address
`ranges, and host lists, which can all work to discern different offices’ traffic. Even better,
`PacketShaper can then automatically discover all applications used by any location. It keeps
`them separate from those discovered at other locations, allowing different management strategies
`for the same application at different offices.
`
`Classification in Heterogeneous Networks
`PacketShaper can also identify and track hosts by their DNS name, even if DHCP (Dynamic
`Host Configuration Protocol) changes the host’s IP address frequently. You can use