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Overview
`
`Wet macular degeneration is a chronic eye
`
`disorder that causesblurred vision or a blind
`
`spot in yourvisual field. It's generally caused by
`abnormalblood vessels that leak fluid or blood
`
`into the macula (MAK-u-luh). The maculais in
`the part of the retina responsible for central
`vision.
`
`
`
` Aska
`retina specialist.
`
`Vision with macular
`degeneration
`
`e
`
`EYLEA?® (aflibercept) Injection is a
`prescription medicine administered by
`injection into the eye. You should not
`use EYLEAif you have an infection in or
`‘| ae Brescribing Informat
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`Patient Care & Health Information ? Diseases & Conditions
`Ln<-r0 [0-1-1a=18)
`
`Wet macular degeneration
`
`v Appointment
`
`Symptoms & causes
`
`Diagnosis & treatment
`
`Doctors & departments
`
`Care at MayoClinic
`
`= Print
`
`
`Advertisement
`
`&y
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`.
`.
`Wet macular degeneration is one of two types
`of age-related macular degeneration. The othertype —dry macular
`degeneration — is more commonandless severe. The wet type always
`begins as the dry type.
`
`MayoClinic does not endorse companies or
`products. Advertising revenue supports our n
`for-profit mission.
`Early detection and treatment of wet macular degeneration may help reduce
`Advertising & Sponsorship
`vision loss and, in some instances, recovervision.
`Policy|Opportunities|Ad Choices [>
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`Exhibit 2222
`Page 01 of 06
`
`

`

`Wet macular degeneration symptoms usually appear suddenly and worsen
`NEW-Live Younger Longer
`rapidly. They mayinclude:
`
`Simple, effective Home Remedies
`
`&)
`
`EYLEAmay help
`Wet AMD. Aska
`retina specialist.
`LEARN MORE >
`
`Arnis na than Ain AIA BAIA Ar EAAKACrR Ar
`
`
`
`EYLEA*®(aflibercept) Injection is a
`prescription medicine administered by
`injection into the eye. You should not
`use EYLEAif you have an infection in or
`
`e Visual distortions, such as straight lines seeming bent
`
`e Reduced central vision in one or both eyes
`
`e The needfor brighterlight when reading or doing close-up work
`
`e
`
`Increased difficulty adapting to low light levels, such as when entering a
`dimlylit restaurant
`
`¢
`
`Increased blurriness of printed words
`
`¢ Decreasedintensity or brightness of colors
`
`¢ Difficulty recognizing faces
`
`¢ A well-defined blurry spot or blind spot in yourfield of vision
`
`Macular degeneration doesn't affect side (peripheral) vision, soit rarely
`causestotal blindness.
`
`When to see a doctor
`
`See your eye doctorif:
`
`e You notice changesin your central vision
`
`e Yourability to see colors and fine detail becomes impaired
`
`These changes maybethefirst indication of macular degeneration,
`particularly if you're older than age 60.
`
`More Information
`
`
`
`
`
`WetmaculardegenerationcareatMayoClinic
`
`Wetage-relatedmaculardegenerationsymptoms
`
`RequestanAppointmentatMayoClinic
`
`Causes
`
`Exhibit 2222
`
`Page 02 of 06
`
`Exhibit 2222
`Page 02 of 06
`
`

`

`No one knowsthe exact cause of wet macular
`
`degeneration, but it develops in people who
`have had dry macular degeneration. Ofall
`people with age-related macular degeneration,
`about 20% havethe wet form.
`
`Wet macular degeneration can develop in
`different ways:
`
`
`
`Vision loss caused by abnormal blood
`vessel growth. Sometimes abnormal new
`blood vessels grow from the choroid under
`and into the macula (choroidal
`neovascularization). The choroid is the
`layer of blood vessels betweenthe retina
`and the outer, firm coat of the eye (sclera).
`These abnormal blood vessels mayleakfluid or blood, interfering with
`the retina's function.
`
`Parts of the eye
`
`Vision loss causedbyfluid buildup in the back of the eye. When
`fluid leaks from the choroid, it can collect between the thin cell layer
`called the retinal pigment epithelium and the retina or within the layers
`of the retina. This may cause a bumpin the macula, resulting in vision
`loss or distortion.
`
`Risk factors
`
`Factors that may increase yourrisk of macular degeneration include:
`
`Age. This disease is most commonin people over 55.
`
`Family history and genetics. This disease has a hereditary
`component. Researchers haveidentified several genes related to
`developing the condition.
`
`Race. Macular degeneration is more common in Caucasians.
`
`Smoking. Smoking cigarettes or being regularly exposed to smoke
`significantly increases yourrisk of macular degeneration.
`
`Obesity. Research indicates that being obese increases the chance
`that early or intermediate macular degeneration will progress to a more
`severe form of the disease.
`
`Cardiovascular disease. If you have diseasesthat affect your heart
`and blood vessels, you may beat higherrisk of macular degeneration.
`
`Complications
`
`Exhibit 2222
`
`Page 03 of 06
`
`Exhibit 2222
`Page 03 of 06
`
`

`

`People whose wet macular degeneration has progressed to central vision
`loss have a higherrisk of depression and social isolation. With profound loss
`of vision, people maysee visual hallucinations (Charles Bonnet syndrome).
`
`Prevention
`
`It's important to have routine eye examsto identify early signs of macular
`degeneration. The following measures mayhelp reduce yourrisk of
`developing wet macular degeneration:
`
`¢ Manageyourother medical conditions. For example,if you have
`cardiovascular disease or high blood pressure, take your medication
`andfollow your doctor's instructions for controlling the condition.
`
`¢ Don't smoke. Smokers are morelikely to develop macular
`degeneration than are nonsmokers. Ask your doctor for help to stop
`smoking.
`
`Maintain a healthy weight and exercise regularly. If you need to lose
`weight, reduce the numberof calories you eat and increase the amount
`of exercise you get each day.
`
`Choosea diet rich in fruits and vegetables. Choosea healthy diet
`that's full of a variety of fruits and vegetables. These foods contain
`antioxidant vitamins that reduce your risk of developing macular
`degeneration.
`
`Include fish in your diet. Omega-3 fatty acids, which are found in fish,
`may reducethe risk of macular degeneration. Nuts, such as walnuts,
`also contain omega-3 fatty acids.
`
`ByMayoClinicStaff
`
`
`
`
`
`WetmaculardegenerationcareatMayoClinic
`
`RequestanAppointmentatMayoClinic
`
`Diagnosis & treatment
`
`Share on: [FJ Eacebook [J Iwitter
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`[=| Print
`
`Dec. 11, 2020
`
`Showreferences V
`
`Exhibit 2222
`
`Page 04 of 06
`
`Exhibit 2222
`Page 04 of 06
`
`

`

`Related
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`Howcan|reducemyriskofwetage-relatedmaculardegeneration?
`
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`Livingbetterwithvisionloss
`
`Clinic Mi
`Mayo
`degeneration
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