1/25/22, 12:13 PM
`
`Determining Sample Size: How Many Survey Participants Do You Need?
`
`== CloudResearch
`
`Home > Resources> Guides >
`
`A Researcher's Guide To Statistical Significance And Sample Size Calculations
`
`Determining Sample Size: How Many Survey Participants Do You
`Need?
`
`CloudResearch
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`
`Part Ill: Sample Size: How Many Participants Do | need for a Survey to be
`Valid?
`
`In the U.S., there is a Presidential election every four years. In election years, there is a steady stream ofpolls in
`
`the monthsleading up to the election announcing which candidates are up and which are downin the horse race
`
`of popular opinion.
`
`If you have ever wondered what makesthesepolls accurate and how each poll decides how manyvotersto talk
`
`to, then you have thoughtlike a researcher who seeks to know how many participants they need in order to
`
`obtain statistically significant survey results.
`
`https:/Avww.cloudresearch.com/resources/guides/statistical-significance/determine-sample-size/
`
`1/10
`
`U.S. Pat. 9,254,338, Exhibit 2171
`
`Mylan v. Regeneron, IPR2021-00881
`
`Exhibit 2171
`Page 01 of 10
`
`
`
`Determining Sample Size: How Many Survey Participants Do You Need?
`
`== CloudResearch
`
`Home > Resources> Guides >
`
`A Researcher's Guide To Statistical Significance And Sample Size Calculations
`
`Determining Sample Size: How Many Survey Participants Do You
`Need?
`
`CloudResearch
`
`Ne?
`,
`aT SIO
`
` 4a ! tgs
`8
`
`i*
`
`|
`
`a) x.
`
`;
`
`Sk.
`
`4
`
`f
`
`or
`
`a
`
`s.
`
`i
`
`4
`
`:
`
`é
`
`v
`
`Quick Navigation:
`
`Select Option
`
`Part Ill: Sample Size: How Many Participants Do | need for a Survey to be
`Valid?
`
`In the U.S., there is a Presidential election every four years. In election years, there is a steady stream ofpolls in
`
`the monthsleading up to the election announcing which candidates are up and which are downin the horse race
`
`of popular opinion.
`
`If you have ever wondered what makesthesepolls accurate and how each poll decides how manyvotersto talk
`
`to, then you have thoughtlike a researcher who seeks to know how many participants they need in order to
`
`obtain statistically significant survey results.
`
`https:/Avww.cloudresearch.com/resources/guides/statistical-significance/determine-sample-size/
`
`1/10
`
`U.S. Pat. 9,254,338, Exhibit 2171
`
`Mylan v. Regeneron, IPR2021-00881
`
`Exhibit 2171
`Page 01 of 10
`
`
`
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`
`Exhibit 2171
`Page 02 of 10
`
`
`
` '
`
`Exhibit 2171
`Page 02 of 10
`
`
`
`1/25/22, 12:13 PM
`
`Determining Sample Size: How Many Survey Participants Do You Need?
`
`Population size is the total numberof people in the group youare trying to study. If, for example, you were
`
`conducting a poll asking U.S. voters about Presidential candidates, then your population of interest would be —_—
`
`everyoneliving in the U.S.—about 330 million people.
`
`Determining the size of the population you're interested in will often require some background research. For
`
`instance, if your companysells digital marketing services and you're interested in surveying potential customers,
`it isn’t easy to determine the size of your population. Everyone who is currently engagedin digital marketing may
`
`be a potential customer. In situations like these, you can often use industry data or other information to arrive at
`
`a reasonable estimate for your population size.
`
`e What margin of error should you use?
`
`Margin of error is a percentage that tells you how muchthe results from your sample may deviate from the views
`
`of the overall population. The smaller your margin of error, the closer your data reflect the opinion of the
`population at a given confidence level.
`
`Generally speaking, the more people you gather data from the smaller your margin of error. However, becauseit
`is almost never feasible to collect data from everyone in the population, some margin of error is necessary in
`most studies.
`
`e Whatis your survey's significance level?
`
`Thesignificancelevel is a percentage that tells you how confident you can bethat the true population value lies
`
`within your margin of error. So, for example,if you are asking people whether they support a candidate for
`President, the significance level tells you howlikely it is that the level of support for the candidatein the
`population(i.e., people not in your sample)falls within the margin of error found in your sample.
`
`Commonsignificance levels in survey research are 90%, 95%, and 99%.
`
`Once you knowthe values above, you can plug them into a sample size formula or more conveniently an online
`calculator to determine your sample size.
`
`The table below displays the necessary sample size for different sized populations and margin of errors. As you
`
`can see, even whena populationis large, researchers can often understandthe entire group with about 1,000
`respondents.
`
`Population
`Size
`
`Sample Size Based on +3%
`Margin of Error
`
`Sample Size Based on +5%
`Margin of Error
`
`Sample Size Based on +10%
`Margin of Error
`
`350
`
`500
`
`1,000
`
`3,000
`
`345
`
`525
`
`810
`
`220
`
`285
`
`80
`
`90
`
`https:/Avww.cloudresearch.com/resources/guides/statistical-significance/determine-sample-size/
`
`3/10
`
`Exhibit 2171
`
`Page 03 of 10
`
`Exhibit 2171
`Page 03 of 10
`
`
`
`1/25/22, 12:13 PM
`
`Determining Sample Size: How Many Survey Participants Do You Need?
`
`Population
`Size
`
`Sample Size Based on +3%
`Marginof Error
`
`Sample Size Based on +5%
`Margin of Error
`
`Sample Size Based on +10%
`Margin of Error
`
`370
`
`385
`
`400
`
`100
`
`100
`
`100
`
`5,000
`
`910
`
`10,000
`
`1,000
`
`100,00+
`
`1,100
`
`¢ How Many People Should | Invite to My Study?
`
`Sample size calculations tell you how manypeople you need to complete your survey. What they do not tell you,
`however, is how many people you needto invite to your survey. To find that number, you need to consider the
`
`responserate.
`
`For example, if you are conducting a study of customersatisfaction and you know from previous experience that
`
`only about 30% of the people you contactwill actually respond to your survey, then you can determine how many
`people you should invite to the survey to wind up with your desired sample size.
`
`All you have to do is take the numberof respondents you need, divide by your expected responserate, and
`multiple by 100. For example,if you need 500 customers to respond to your survey and you know the response
`rate is 30%, you should invite about 1,666 people to your study (500/30*100 = 1,666).
`
`Determining SampleSize for Controlled Surveys
`
`Sample size formulas are based on probability sampling techniques—methodsthat randomly select people from
`the population to participate in a survey. For most market surveys and academic studies, however, researchers
`do not use probability sampling methods.Instead they use a mix of convenience and purposive sampling
`
`methodsthat werefer to as controlled sampling.
`
`Whensurveys and descriptive studies are based on controlled sampling methods, how should researchers
`calculate sample size?
`
`Whenthestudy's aim is to measure the frequency of something or to describe people's behavior, we recommend
`
`following the calculations made for probability sampling. This often translates to a sample of about 1,000 to
`2,000 people. Whena study's aim is to investigate a correlational relationship, however, we recommend sampling
`
`between 500 and 1,000 people. Moreparticipants in a study will always be better, but these numbersare a useful
`
`rule of thumb for researchers seeking to find out how manyparticipants they need to sample.
`
`Determining Sample Size for Experiments
`
`If you look online, you will find many sources with information for calculating sample size when conducting a
`
`survey, but fewer resourcesfor calculating sample size when conducting an experiment. Experiments involve
`randomly assigning people to different conditions and manipulating variables in order to determine a cause-and-
`
`https:/Avww.cloudresearch.com/resources/guides/statistical-significance/determine-sample-size/
`
`4/0
`
`Exhibit 2171
`
`Page 04 of 10
`
`Exhibit 2171
`Page 04 of 10
`
`
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`Page 07 of 10
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`Page 07 of 10
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`WhatIs Data Quality and WhyIs It Important?
`Aaron Moss, PhD 08/27/19
`
`1/25/22, 12:13 PM
`
`
`If you were a researcher studying human behavior 30 years ago, your options for identifying
`participants for your studies werelimited. If you worked at a university, you mightbe...
`
`Read More >
`
`How to Identify and Handle Invalid Responsesto Online Surveys
`
`Aaron Moss, PhD 08/27/19
`
`As a researcher, you are aware that planning studies, designing materials and collecting data each
`
`take a lot of work. So whenyou get your hands on a new dataset...
`
`Read More >
`
`https:/Avww.cloudresearch.com/resources/guides/statistical-significance/determine-sample-size/
`
`8/10
`
`Exhibit 2171
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`Page 08 of 10
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`Exhibit 2171
`Page 08 of 10
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`
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`1/25/22, 12:13 PM
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`Determining Sample Size: How Many SurveyParticipants Do You Need?
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`9/10
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`Exhibit 2171
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`Page 09 of 10
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`Exhibit 2171
`Page 09 of 10
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`
`
`1/25/22, 12:13 PM
`
`Determining Sample Size: How Many SurveyParticipants Do You Need?
`
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`10/10
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`Exhibit 2171
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`Page 10 of 10
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`Exhibit 2171
`Page 10 of 10
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