IPR2021-00831
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`AMISH
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`MicrosoftEx. 1033, p. 1
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
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`Microsoft Ex. 1033, p. 1
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
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`

`

`Distributed Operating
`Systems
`The Logical Design
`
`Andrzej Goscinski
`
`University College
`The University of New South Wales
`Australian Defence Force Academy
`
`ADDISON-WESLEY
`PUBLISHING
`COMPANY
`
`Sydney · Wokingham, England · Reading, Massachusetts
`Menlo Park, California · New York · Don Mills, Ontario
`Amsterdam · Bonn · Singapore · Tokyo
`Madrid · San Juan
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1033, p. 2
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
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`

`

`© 1991 Addison-Wesley Publishers Ltd.
`© 1991 Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
`
`All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
`retrieval system, or translated in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
`photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the
`publisher.
`
`The programs in this book have been included for their instructional value. They
`have been tested with care but are not guaranteed for any particular purpose. The
`publisher does not offer any warranties or representations, nor does it accept any
`liabilities with respect to the programs.
`
`Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their
`products are claimed as trademarks . Addison-Wesley has made every attempt to
`supply trademark information about manufacturers and their products mentioned
`in this book. A list of the trademark designations and their owners appears on p. vi.
`
`Cover designed by Jan Golembiewski, Australia
`Typeset by Quaser Technology Pte. Ltd.
`Printed in Singapore.
`
`First printed 1991. Reprinted with corrections 1992.
`
`National Library of Australia Cataloguing in Publication Data
`Goscinski, Andrzej, 1944-
`Distributed operating systems.
`
`Bibliography.
`Includes index.
`ISBN O 201 41704 9.
`
`l. Operating systems (Computers) 2. Electronic data processing - Distributed
`processing. I. Title.
`
`005.43
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Gosciriski, Andrzej.
`Distributed operating systems: the logical design/ Andrzej Goscinski.
`cm.
`p.
`Includes bibliographical references and index.
`Undergraduate text.
`ISBN 0-201-41704-9
`l. Distributed operating systems (Computers) 2. System design. I. Title.
`QA76.76.063G68 1991
`004' .36-dc20
`
`90-47725
`CIP
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1033, p. 3
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
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`

`

`Contents
`
`Preface
`
`1
`
`Introduction
`1.1 Moti vation for distributed operating systems
`A definition and functions of a distributed operating
`1.2
`system
`1.3 What issues are to be studied in the area of distributed
`operating systems? - The goal of this work
`Organization and the contents
`Potential readers - how to use this text ?
`
`1.4
`1.5
`
`2.1
`
`2 Network operating systems versus distributed operating systems
`Characterizing the distinction between network and
`distributed operating systems
`2.1.1 Basic features of network operating systems
`2.1.2 Differences between network operating systems
`and distributed operating systems
`Network operating system concepts
`2.2.1 The National Software Works
`2.2.2 Simple network operating system
`The UNIX-based network operating systems
`Summary
`Bibliography
`
`2.2
`
`2.3
`2.4
`
`3 Communication issues of distributed cqmputer systems
`Selected aspects of distributed computer systems
`Protocols
`
`3.1
`3.2
`
`vii
`
`1
`
`3
`
`7
`
`9
`13
`16
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`19
`
`21
`21
`
`23
`26
`26
`29
`33
`35
`35
`
`37
`
`40
`42
`
`xv
`
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`Motivation for distribut ed operating systems 3
`
`T he usefulness of computer systems, the scope and quality of ser(cid:173)
`
`vices provided , and their user-friendliness depend very strongly
`on their operating systems. An operating system can be defined
`as that part of a computer which transforms
`lifeless hardware
`into a
`powerful and usable system. Operating systems are continually behind
`in the race with computer hardware to achieve the goal of meeting user
`expectations. There are many reasons for this situation , and an analysis
`of the history of operating systems and their current state of develop(cid:173)
`ment makes it possible to identify the majority of them. Despite this , we
`can say that an operating system can improve the performance of hard(cid:173)
`ware on which it runs or in the worst case, can hide all possibilities pro(cid:173)
`vided by that hardware.
`To date, a large number of operating systems have been con(cid:173)
`structed for centralized computing systems , and detailed performance
`studies have been made on a number of them. Simulation models of the
`major functions exist , and their critical design parameters and architec (cid:173)
`ture are well understood. A theory of centralized operating systems does
`exist and the methodology of operating system development (for a given
`application and defined requirements)
`is well known.
`At present we are in the next stage of the development and use of
`computer systems . Research
`is being carried out both to increase the
`processing capacity of a single computer
`system , by using closely(cid:173)
`coupled multiprocessors , and also to improve performance within the
`bounds of fixed and marginally increasing processing capacity . The lat(cid:173)
`ter is due to connections of computers spread over geographic distances
`and the development of distributed systems. This implies a need for
`specialized operating systems .
`At the same time , the goal is to provide the user with a large
`virtual computing environment
`in which placement of data and locus of
`computation
`is handled automatically . As the user is interested
`in short
`response time , class of services provided , and the quality of these ser(cid:173)
`vices work needs to be carried out in the area of distributed operating
`systems.
`
`1.1 Motivation for distributed operating systems
`
`Distributed
`systems are developed because of the enormous
`rate of
`technological change in microprocessor
`technology. Distributed systems
`is a term used to define a wide range of computer systems, from
`weakly-coupled systems such as wide area networks to strongly-coupled
`systems such as local area networks to very strongly-coupled
`systems
`such as multiprocessor systems. In this book we address local area net(cid:173)
`works and in some cases wide area networks which are those with high
`bandwidth.
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1033, p. 5
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`IPR2021-00831
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`IPR2021-00831
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`Microsoft Ex. 1033, p. 6
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