OVER
`10,000
`Sas
`
`Microsoft
`
`Definitive cove.
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1028, p. 1
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
`
`

`

`Microsoft®
`
`· Computer
`Dictionary
`Fifth Edition
`
`i
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1028, p. 2
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
`
`

`

`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 2002 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary.--5th ed.
`p. cm.
`ISBN 0-7356-1495-4
`1. Computers--Dictionaries. 2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
`
`AQ76.5. M52267 2002
`004' .03--dc2 l
`
`200219714
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 QWT
`
`7 6 5 4 3 2
`
`Distributed in Canada by H.B. Fenn and Company Ltd.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further informa(cid:173)
`tion about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft
`Press International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at www.microsoft.com/mspress.
`Send comments to mspinput@microsoft.com.
`
`Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, ActiveStore, ActiveSync, ActiveX, Authenticode,
`BackOffice, BizTalk, ClearType, Direct3D, DirectAnimation, DirectDraw, Directlnput, DirectMusic,
`DirectPlay, DirectShow, DirectSound, DirectX, Entourage, FoxPro, FrontPage, Hotmail, IntelliEye,
`IntelliMouse, IntelliSense, JScript, MapPoint, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, Mobile Explorer, MS-DOS,
`MSN, Music Central, NetMeeting, Outlook, PhotoDraw, PowerPoint, SharePoint, UltimateTV, Visio,
`Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, Visual InterDev, Visual J++, Visual SourceSafe, Visual Studio,
`Win32, Win32s, Windows, Windows Media, Windows NT, Xbox are either registered trademarks or
`trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places,
`and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product,
`domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Alex Blanton
`Project Editor: Sandra Haynes
`
`Body Part No. X0S-41929
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1028, p. 3
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
`
`

`

`.
`
`irectional
`
`．
`
`I
`
`'l
`
`．
`
`
`
`, 11·11ce level for its operation. 4. In communications, a type
`111 distortion in the length of transmitted bits, caused by a
`|11从that occurs as voltage builds up or falls off each time
`tl11• signal changes from O to 1 or vice versa.
`bidirectional adi. 0
`lj. Operating in two directi in two directions. A bidirec-
`
`11111,ul printer can print from left to right and from right to
`11'1 t; a bidirectional bus can transfer signals in both direc­
`th111s between two devices.
`hl(llrectional parallel port n. An interface that supports
`111111 way parallel communication between a device, such
`1, 11 printer, and a computer. See also interface (definition
`t 1, purallel port.
`hlcllrectional printing n. The ability of of an impact or ink-
`I• t printer to print from left to right and from right to left
`llldlrcctional printing improves speed substantially
`l1,•1·11use no time is wasted returning the print head to the
`l1t•11,l11ning of the next line, but it may lower print quality.
`hi ondlan adj. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of pro-,
`心11rs and other chips that can be switched to work in big
`11iliu11 or little endian mode. The PowerPC chip has this
`仙lily, which.allows it to run the little endian Windows
`I 1ll'the big endian MacOS/PPC. See also big endian,
`皿It• cndian, PowerPC.
`IFF 11. Short for Binary Interchange File Format. The
`11,1tlvc file format used by Microsoft Excel.
`hlrt 11. I. A BSD utility that issues a signal when new mail
`I,.,� 111 l'ived. Biff was named after a University of California
`叫lllllC student's dog who had a habit of barking at the
`111,1111111111 at the time the utility was developed. 2. See BlFF.
`hlrt \ Iii. To provide notification of new (incoming) e-mail.
`hlf11rcatlon n. A split that results in two possible out-
`, 1111\'S, such as 1 and O or on and off.
`11. Traditional Chinese encoding.
`II(Blue 11. The International Business Machines (IBM)
`1,11 !Hll'11tion. This nickname comes from the corporate
`111111 used on IBM's early mainframes and still used in the
`11111p1111y logo.
`hlM undlan ad j. Ii, Storing numbers in such a way that the
`'”“•I N11;1iilicant byte is placed first. For example, given
`11,, l11•x11th;c;illlal nulllber A02B, the big endian method
`111ild l'11usc the number Lo be stored as A02B, and the lit-
`11.
`1111dl1111 mclhod would cuusc lhc number to be stored a�
`
`2BAO. The big endian method is used by Motorola micro­
`processors; Intel microprocessors use the little endian
`method. The term big endian is derived from Jonathan
`Swift's Gulliver's Travels, in which the Big-Endians were
`a group of people who opposed the emperor's decree that
`eggs should be broken at the small end before they were
`eaten. Compare little endian.
`bigint data type n. In an Access project, a data type of 8
`bytes (64 bits) that stores whole numbers in the range of
`-2"63 (-9,223,372,036,854,775,808) through 2"63-1
`(9,223,372,036,854,775,807).
`big iron n. One or more large, fast, and expensive com­
`puters, such as a Cray supercomputer or a room-filling
`mainframe system.
`big red switch n. The power on/off switch of a computer,
`thought of as a灼nd of inte盯upt or last resort. On the orig­
`inal IBM PC and many other computers, it was indeed big
`and red. Using the switch is an inte盯upt of last resort
`because it deletes all the data in RAM and can also dam­
`age the hard drive. Acronym: BRS.
`billboard 11. A primitive inserted into a 3-D scene that is
`oriented so that one face is toward the viewer. A texture,
`usually an animated sprite, is applied to the billboard to
`give the appearance of a 3-D object in the scene.
`billion n. 1. In American usage (as is usual with micro­
`computers), a thousand million, or 109. Computer termi­
`nology uses the prefixes gig a- for 1 billion and nano- for 1
`billionth. 2. In British usage, a million million, or 10庄
`which is a trillion in American usage.
`billisecond n. See nanosecond.
`bimodal virus n. See multipartite virus.
`.bin n. A file n扣ne extension for a file encoded with Mac­
`Binary. See also MacBin扛y.
`binary1 adj. Having two components, alternatives, or out­
`comes. The binary number system has 2 as its base, so val­
`ues are expressed as combinations of two digits, 0 and 1.
`These two digits can represent the logical values true and
`false as well as numerals, and they can be represented in
`an electronic device by the two states on and off, recog­
`nized as two voltage levels. Therefore, the binary number
`system is at the heart of digital computing. Although ideal
`伽computers, binary numbers are usually山fficult for
`people to interpret because they are repetitive strings of ls
`
`, I
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1028, p. 4
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
`
`

`

`lllll ·hin s 1111d XJ)' l"I syst ·ms. 81'1' 11/.1'() 111·1ili ·ltd inl ·Iii 1 ' 11 . '.
`expert system. 3. 'ee Lightweight Internet P rson S ·h 111·1.
`liquid crystal display n. A type of display that uses a I iq(cid:173)
`uid compound having a polar molecular structure, sand(cid:173)
`wiched between two transparent electrodes. When an
`electric field is applied, the molecules align with the field,
`forming a crystalline arrangement that polarizes the light
`passing through it. A polarized filter laminated over the
`electrodes blocks polarized light. In this way, a grid of
`electrodes can selectively "turn on" a cell, or a pixel, con(cid:173)
`taining the liquid crystal material, turning it dark. In some
`types of liquid crystal displays, an electroluminescent
`panel is placed behind the screen to illuminate it. Other
`types of liquid crystal displays are capable of reproducing
`color. Acronym: LCD. See also supertwist display, twisted
`nematic display.
`liquid crystal display printer n. See LCD printer.
`
`liquid crystal shutter printer n. See LCD printer.
`
`LISP n. Short for List Processing. A list-oriented pro(cid:173)
`gramming language developed in 1959-60 by John
`McCarthy and used primarily to manipulate lists of data.
`LISP is heavily used in research and academic circles
`and is considered the standard language for artificial(cid:173)
`intelligence research. See also artificial intelligence.
`Compare Prolog.
`list n. A multielement data structure that has a linear
`(first, second, third, ... ) organization but that allows ele(cid:173)
`ments to be added or removed in any order. Queues,
`deques, and stacks are simply lists with restrictions on
`adding and removing elements. See also deque, element
`(definition 1), linked list, queue, stack.
`
`list box n. A control in Windows that enables the user to
`choose one option from a list of possibilities. The list box
`appears as a box, displaying the currently selected option,
`next to a button marked with a down arrow. When the user
`clicks the button, the list appears. The list has a scroll bar if
`there are more options than the list has room to show.
`
`listing n. A printed copy of program source code. Some
`compilers and assemblers produce optional assembly list(cid:173)
`ings during compilation or assembly. Such listings of code
`often have additional information such as line numbers,
`nested block depth, and cross-reference tables. See also
`assembly listing.
`list processing n. The maintenance and manipulation of
`multielement data structures. This involves adding and
`deleting elements, writing data into elements, and travers-
`
`IIV! W Il l
`
`In~ 111 • ll sl. Li si p10~ ·sslni Is Iii · h11sis oi' Iii · 11r1ili ·iul(cid:173)
`i111c lli 1 ' 11 ·• pm 1ru 11111ii11 g lunguu, · LI SP.Se<' u!.,·o LISP,
`list, node (d~liniti on I).
`
`LISTSERV n .. One or the most p pu lar commercial mail(cid:173)
`ing list managers, marketed by L-SOFT International in
`versions for BITNET, UNIX, and Windows. See also
`mailing list, mailing list manager.
`
`literal n. A value, used in a program, that i_s expressed as
`itself rather than as a variable's value or the result of an
`expression. Examples are the numbers 25 and 32.1 , the
`character a, the string Hello, and the Boolean value
`TRUE. See also constant, variable.
`
`lithium ion battery n. An energy storage device based on
`the conversion of chemical to electrical energy in "dry"
`chemical cells. Despite the higher cost, the laptop industry
`is quickly adopting lithium ion batteries because of their
`increased storage capacity over both nickel cadmium and
`nickel metal hydride batteries, in response to the demand
`for greater power brought on by higher processor speeds
`and the use of devices such as CD-ROM drives. Compare
`nickel cadmium battery, nickel metal hydride battery.
`
`little endian adj. Of, pertaining to, or being a method of
`storing a number so that the least significant byte appears
`first in the number. For example, given the hexadecimal
`number A02B, the little endian method would cause the
`number to be stored as 2BA0. The little endian method is
`used by Intel microprocessors. Also called: reverse byte
`ordering. Compare big endian.
`live1 adj. 1. Of or relating to real-world data or a program
`working with it, as opposed to test data. 2. Of or relating
`to audio or video that is transmitted from one site to
`another as it is being produced, as opposed to being
`recorded before broadcast time. See also synchronous
`transmission. 3. Capable of being manipulated by a user to
`cause changes in a document or part of a document.
`live2 n. Used to identify a Web site that has been pub(cid:173)
`lished to a Web server and can be browsed by site visitors.
`Also called: going live.
`Live3D n. A Netscape proprietary Virtual Reality Model(cid:173)
`ing Language (VRML) plug-in for Web browsers that
`allows users to view and interact with a virtual-reality
`world. See also VRML.
`liveware n. A slang term for people, to distinguish them
`from hardware, software, and firmware . Also called:
`wetware.
`
`314
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1028, p. 5
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
`
`

`

`Ml ·r •,o ft Ill' 1tl •r
`
`111l!11 , 111111 1.()111 111111 I
`
`Microsoft Reader n. A software application dcvclope I
`by Microsoft for downloading electronic books and other
`publications onto any personal computer, laptop computer,
`or Pocket PC handheld device. Additional features allow
`users to bookmark pages, highlight text, write notes, and
`look up definitions.
`
`Microsoft Tech•Ed n. An annual training conference
`held by Microsoft Corporation to educate engineers and
`businesses using Microsoft technology. The conference
`provides attendees with access to information, experts,
`and training labs on Microsoft's latest technologies.
`
`Microsoft Visual lnterDev n. See Visual InterDev.
`
`Microsoft Visual Studio n. See Visual Studio.
`
`Microsoft Visual Studio .NET n. A complete develop(cid:173)
`ment environment for building on the Microsoft .NET
`technology. Using Visual Studio .NET, developers can
`create secure, scalable applications and Web services
`quickly in the language of their choice, leveraging existing
`systems and skills.
`
`Microsoft Windows n. See Windows.
`
`Microsoft Windows 2000 n. See Windows 2000.
`Microsoft Windows 95 n. See Windows 95.
`
`Microsoft Windows 98 n. See Windows 98.
`
`I
`
`Microsoft Windows CE n. See Windows CE.
`
`Microsoft Windows Messenger n. See .NET Messen(cid:173)
`ger Service.
`
`Microsoft Windows NT n. See Windows NT.
`
`Microsoft Word n. See Word.
`
`Microsoft XML n. See MSXML.
`microspace justification n. The addition of thin spaces
`between characters within words to fill out a line for justi(cid:173)
`fication, instead of relying only on adding space between
`words. Good micros pace justification gives justified text a
`more polished, professional look; excessive microspace
`justification causes words to lose visual coherence. Also
`called: microjustification. See also justify (definition 2),
`microspacing.
`
`microspacing n. In printing, the process of adjusting
`character placement by very small increments.
`
`mlcrotransactlon 11 . A busin ss trunsu ·ti on that. invo lv ·
`a very ~mall amount of money, ty1 ically under aboul $5,
`See also millicent technology .
`
`microwave relay n. A communications link that uses
`point-to-point radio transmissions at frequencies higher
`than approximately 1 gigahertz (1000 megahertz).
`middleware n. 1. Software that sits between two or mo11•
`types of software and translates information between
`them. Middleware can cover a broad spectrum of softwan·
`and generally sits between an application and an operatin
`system, a network operating system, or a database man(cid:173)
`agement system. Examples of middleware include
`CORBA and other object broker programs and network
`control programs. See also CORBA. 2. Software that pro
`vides a common application programming interface (API) .
`Applications written using that API will run in the same
`computer systems as the middleware. An example of th is
`type of middleware is ODBC, which has a common AP!
`for many types of databases. See also application pro(cid:173)
`gramming interface, ODBC. 3. Software development
`tools that enable users to create simple programs by
`selecting existing services and linking them with a script•
`ing language. See also scripting language.
`
`MIDI n. Acronym for Musical Instrument Digital Inter(cid:173)
`face. A serial interface standard that allows for the con(cid:173)
`nection of music synthesizers, musical instruments, and
`computers. The MIDI standard is based partly on hard-
`, ware and partly on a description of the way in which
`music and sound are encoded and communicated between
`MIDI devices. The information transmitted between MID I
`devices is in a form called a MIDI message, which
`encodes aspects of sound such as pitch and volume as 8-
`bit bytes of digital information. MIDI devices can be used
`for creating, recording, and playing back music. Using
`MIDI, computers, synthesizers, and sequencers can com(cid:173)
`municate with each other, either keeping time or actually
`controlling the music created by other connected equip(cid:173)
`ment. See also synthesizer.
`
`MIDL n. Acronym for Microsoft Interface Definition Lan(cid:173)
`guage. Microsoft implementation and extension of the
`Interface Definition Language (IDL). See also IDL.
`
`midrange computer n. A medium-size computer. The
`term is used interchangeably with minicomputer, except
`midrange computers do not include single-user worksta(cid:173)
`tions. See also minicomputer.
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1028, p. 6
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
`
`

`

`Net surfing
`
`Network Control Protocol
`
`Net surfing n. The practice of exploring the Internet
`without a specific goal in mind. The concept of Net surf(cid:173)
`ing is similar to (and probably derived from) "channel
`surfing" in reference to watching television.
`
`Net TV n. See Internet television.
`
`NetWare n. A family of LAN (local area network) operat(cid:173)
`ing system products developed by Novell, Inc. Designed
`to run on PCs and Macintoshes, Novell NetWare allows
`users to share files and system resources such as hard
`disks and printers. See also network operating system.
`
`network n. A group of computers and associated devices
`that are connected by communications facilities. A network
`can involve permanent connections, such as cables, or tem(cid:173)
`porary connections made through telephone or other com(cid:173)
`munication links. A network can be as small as a LAN
`(local area network) consisting of a few computers, printers,
`and other devices, or it can consist of many small and large
`computers distributed over a vast geographic area (WAN, or
`wide area network). See also ALOHAnet, Ethernet (defini(cid:173)
`tion 1), LAN, WAN.
`
`Network Access Point n. One of the interchange points
`for Internet traffic, where various Internet network carriers
`and major ISPs exchange data. When Internet traffic origi(cid:173)
`nates on one network and goes to another network, it
`almost always passes through at least one Network Access
`Point, or NAP. In the United States, major NAPs include
`MAE East, in Vienna, Virginia, and MAE West, in San
`Jose, California (both operated by MCI WorldCom); the
`Chicago NAP (operated by Ameritech); the Pacific Bell
`NAP (with multiple locations in California); the Digital
`Internet Exchange in Palo Alto, California (operated by
`Digital/Compaq); and the Sprint NAP in Pennsauken,
`New Jersey. Additional local and regional exchange points
`are located in many other locations around the world.
`Acronym: NAP. Also called: National Attachment Point.
`
`network adapter n. See network interface card.
`
`Network Address Translation n. See NAT.
`
`network administrator n. The person in charge of oper(cid:173)
`ations on a computer network. The duties of a network
`administrator can be broad and might include such tasks
`as installing new workstations and other devices, adding
`and removing individuals from the list of authorized users,
`archiving files , overseeing password protection and other
`security measures, monitoring usage of shared resources,
`and handling malfunctioning equipment. See also system
`administrator.
`
`network architecture n. The underlying structure of a
`computer network, including hardware, functional layers,
`interfaces, and protocols, used to establish communication
`and ensure the reliable transfer of information. Network
`architectures are designed to provide both philosophical
`and physical standards for the complexities of establishing
`communications links and transferring information with(cid:173)
`out conflict. Various network architectures exist, including
`the internationally accepted seven-layer ISO Open Sys(cid:173)
`tems Interconnection (OSI) model and IBM's Systems
`Network Architecture (SNA). See also ISO/OSI reference
`model, SNA.
`
`Network-Attached Storage n. See NAS.
`
`network boot n. See PXE boot.
`
`network card n. See network interface card.
`network-centric computing n. A computing environ(cid:173)
`ment in which a network server or servers represent the
`hub of activity. Considered the "third wave" in large-sys(cid:173)
`tem computing after mainframe and desktop develop(cid:173)
`ments, network-centric computing establishes servers as
`the main source of computing power, to give users direct
`access to network-based applications and information. In
`network-centric computing systems, applications are not
`preinstalled or uninstalled locally, that is, on the desktop;
`they are accessed on an as-needed, "on-the-fly" basis.
`:rhus, individual desktop computers do not have to main(cid:173)
`tain large amounts of disk storage or load and manage
`application programs. See also server.
`
`network computer n. A computer designed for use on a
`network in which programs and storage are provided by
`servers. Network computers, unlike dumb terminals, have
`their own processing power, but their design does not
`include local storage and they depend on network servers
`for applications. Acronym: NC.
`
`network congestion n. See congestion.
`
`network connection n. See Ethernet.
`
`network control program n. In a communications net(cid:173)
`work that includes a mainframe c~mputer, a program that
`usually resides in a communications controller and takes
`over communications tasks such as routing, error control,
`line control, and polling ( checking terminals for transmis(cid:173)
`sions), leaving the main computer free for other functions.
`See also communications controller.
`
`Network Control Protocol n. See Point-to-Point Protocol.
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1028, p. 7
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
`
`

`

`I rnap
`
`platform
`
`I map n. A data structure that describes the pixel
`, 111' a graphic, including such features as color,
`, , 1· ·solution, dimensions, storage format, and num-
`111 hlls used to describe each pixel. See also pixel, pixel
`
`,, Sl'e Printer Job Language.
`NI 11 , Acronym for projection-join normal form. See
`1111 11 l'orm (definition 1).
`IN IP n. A shareware utility program that uncom-
`liles compressed by the PKZIP shareware utility
`'
`1,1111. I KUNZIP is generally made available with
`II 1, di stribution of PKUNZIP for commercial pur-
`11ot permitted without obtaining permission from
`l
`11 il 1li ~her, PK ware, Inc. See also PKZIP.
`II
`11 . A widely used shareware utility program for
`'I''' sing files. Developed by PK ware, Inc., in 1989
`I , ,11 lnble from a wide variety of sources, PKZIP can
`,1,11w one or more files into a compressed output file
`"'I' Ill ' extension .zip. A companion utility program,
`I N/ ,1 P, is required to uncompress the compressed
`, ,,,, also PKUNZIP, shareware, utility program.
`
`/\c ronym for programmable logic an-ay. See field(cid:173)
`11
`, 1111111able logic an-ay.
`
`11
`
`holder n.. 1. A character that masks or hides another
`" 11·r ror security reasons. For example, when a user
`,1 puss word, an asterisk is displayed on the screen to
`tit, place of each character typed. 2. Text or some
`, , 11•111 nt used in an application as an indicator that
`, 1 Hhould enter in his or her own text.
`II Old Telephone Service n. See POTS.
`nt Kt 11 . I. Nonencrypted or decrypted text. See also
`pll1 111, encryption. 2. A tile th at is stored as pl ain
`II d11 111 . ompare c iphertext.
`IV mllla ac(j. O rdinary; the stan lard version of hard -
`111 ofl ware without any e nhancements. For exa mple,
`,111 v1111illa mode m mi ghl hav clata tra nsl'cr capability
`
`II 11 /\Ii i · in u UN IX 11 s •r's ll0 111 d ir
`·1ory 1ha1 is di s(cid:173)
`,! wlt,·n olh ·r 11.~ •rs ll n
`·r 1'1111 uc ·ount. Us ' rs ·t111
`, 111h 1111 n11 io11 i111 0 ,pl 11 11 11 1 ·s 111111 · ir dis ·r ·1io11 10 pro
`11t1 11 1111111irn 1111 11ddl 1 011 10 1111111 11 H111 11 II di Npl 1 ,·ti h
`1111111•1 \'\l it lll lll lld S,•1•11/111 I 11 / l'I,
`
`planar adj. 1. In computer graphics, lying within a plane.
`2. In the fabrication of semiconductor materials, maintain(cid:173)
`ing the original flat surface of the silicon wafer throughout
`processing, while the chemicals that make up the elements
`that control the flow of cun-ent are diffused into (and
`beneath) the surface.
`
`planar transistor n. A special form of transistor that is
`fabricated with all three 1:;lements (collector, emitter, and
`base) on a single layer of semiconductor material. The
`structure of a planar transistor permits it to dissipate rela(cid:173)
`tively large amounts of heat, making this design suitable
`for power transistors. See the illustration.
`
`Insulating layer
`
`Collector
`
`Planar transistor.
`
`plasma display n.. See gas-discharge display.
`
`plastic leadless chip carrier n. See PLCC.
`
`plastic transistor n. A transistor produced entirely from
`plastic rather than the traditional silicon. A plastic transis(cid:173)
`tor is flexible enough to be embedded in curved surfaces
`or folded. Production of plastic transistors begins with a
`thin piece of clear plastic, onto which layers of plastic are
`printed or sprayed through a mesh. The result is a light(cid:173)
`weight, flexible and transparent transistor that can be man(cid:173)
`ufactured in high volumes for a fraction of the cost of
`silicon transi stors. The flexibility and low-cost of plastic
`transistors make them useful in applications from trans(cid:173)
`parent foldable di splays to one-use product containers. See
`also electronic paper.
`
`platen n. The cylinder in most impact printers and type(cid:173)
`writers, around which the paper wraps and against which
`lh print mechanism slrikes the paper. T he paper bail , a
`spring- load cl ba r with small roll ers, ho lds lhe paper
`lh ' prinl 111 ' ·hanism,
`s11mo1hl y 11gai ns t th plut ·n ,iusl uhov
`pl tform 11 . I. Th · l'rn 111du 1i1 i11, · ·1111 0101• o r u '(ll up111 ,,,
`ll' ll l, 11\'('II II Nl' ('lllll p11 tr 1 Ill • I 'Yl'I ·ti 11\- vi '\' ~ 'Ollll ll)'l\'d
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1028, p. 8
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
`
`

`

`l'I 11 1111111 1111 1111, 111111 11111, 111
`
`,, Ir, 111111
`
`or u chi p-1 ·v ·I hul'(Jwu r · I 1y ·r, 1 I 1111 w111 l' 111d up ,, 11 111
`system layer, and an uppli ·111i o11s pro rn111 lny ·r, 111 · hul
`tom most layer of a machine is ol'I n ·till d a I lul l'onn.
`2. In everyday usage, the type of com puter or op ' ru ling
`system being used.
`
`Platform for Internet Content Selection n. A specifi(cid:173)
`cation for rating and labeling Internet content. Originally
`developed by the World Wide Web Consortium to enable
`parents, teachers, administrators, and other caretakers to
`control the material to which children have online access,
`its use has expanded to include the protection of privacy
`and intellectual property. PICS is not itself a system for rat(cid:173)
`ing Internet content. Rather, it specifies the format conven(cid:173)
`tions to be used by rating systems in devising labels that
`can be read by PICS-compatible software. Acronym: PICS.
`
`Platform for Privacy Preference Project n. See P3P.
`Platform for Privacy Preferences n. See P3P.
`
`platform invoke n. The functionality provided by the run
`time to enable managed code to call unmanaged native
`DLL entry points.
`platter n. One of the individual metal data storage disks
`within a hard disk drive. Most hard disks have from two to
`eight platters. See the illustration. See also hard disk.
`
`Platter.
`
`player n. In relation to digital audio, a program that plays
`music and other audio files that have been ripped (trans(cid:173)
`ferred from a compact disc to a hard disk) and then
`encoded in a playable format, such as MP3. See also
`encoder, MP3, ripper.
`
`PlayStation n. Sony Corporation's console computer
`entertainment gaming system. PlayStation 2, the latest
`version, is a 128-bit system that features a 300-Mhz pro-
`
`v1•~ 0 1, \ M Ii ol I i11• •1 l{ I 1~/\ M 11 11 ii11111 · 111111 , 111 111 1
`ll u11 1l11 poi 11 1p ·11'1>11111111 ·1• ol'/1 .2 ( WI.OPS . Jll11yS1 111 11111
`ulso off •r·s 111 • ·11111hi li1 y Ill pluy
`'I s ond I Y I s . .\'1•1 11/
`<.:0 1111 ulcr gum , ·o nso l • gumc.
`'111111111r e I r •; 11 11 ·111, 1,
`ame ub '. Xbox .
`PL/C n. A ve rsion o r lhc I L/1 1 rogra mming lungu l/ '1
`developed at Cornell Uni versity uncl used on 111u i11 1'1 11 111
`computers . See also PL/1.
`PLCC n. Acronym for p lastic leadless chip carrie r. /\ 11
`inexpensive variation of the leadless chip carrier (U '( 1
`method of mounting chips on boards. Although th l\\11
`carriers are similar in appearance, PLCCs are phys i~· ill
`incompatible with leadless chip carriers, which arc 1111 11 1,
`from a ceramic material. See also leadless chip carri 1·1
`
`PLD n. See programmable logic device.
`
`PL/I n. Acronym for Programming L anguage I (Orw I
`programming language developed by IBM (1964- 19(1111
`designed to bring together the key features of FORTH
`COBOL, and ALGOL while introducing such new ·011
`cepts as condition-based error handling and multitaski11
`The result of this effort was a compiled, structured la11
`guage that was so complex that it never gained wides p, 1 ,1 I
`acceptance. Nevertheless, PL/I is still used in some uc11
`demic and research environments. See also ALGOL,
`COBOL, compiled language, FORTRAN.
`PL/M n. Acronym for Programming L anguage for
`Microcomputers. A programming language derived fro111
`PL/I and developed in the early 1970s by Intel Corport1
`tion for microprocessors. PL/M was used primarily for 11 11
`·creation of operating systems. See also PL/I.
`
`plot vb. To create a graphic or a diagram by connectillf
`points representing variables (values) that are defined hy
`their positions in relation to a horizontal (x) axis and a v1 1
`tical (y) axis (and sometimes a depth, or z, axis).
`plotter n. Any device used to draw charts, diagrams, u11d
`other line-based graphics. Plotters use either pens or ell.'1
`trostatic charges and toner. Pen plotters draw on paper or
`transparencies with one or more colored pens. Electro(cid:173)
`static plotters "draw" a pattern of electrostatically chargl'I I
`dots on the paper and then apply toner and fuse it in pla_.,.
`Plotters use three basic types of paper handling: flatbed,
`
`408
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1028, p. 9
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
`
`

`

`v •1·sions o r Wi nd ows 11r · Wl 11dows
`enlerLainm 111 us ) and I ru l' ·ssion ul (11dv11 n · •d ·11111pu1 l11
`.
`businesses, and large organi z.a1i ons) . T he n ·xi , n · rati on
`of Windows server products will be Lhe Windows .N 1T
`Server family. Windows provides a standw·d graphi cal
`interface based on drop-down menus, windowed regions
`on the screen, and a pointing device such as a mouse.
`
`Windows 95 n. An operating system with a graphical
`user interface for 80386 and higher processors, released
`by Microsoft Corporation in 1995. Intended to replace
`'Windows 3.11 , Windows for Workgroups 3.11 , and MS (cid:173)
`DOS, Windows 95 is a complete operating system, rather
`than a shell that requires MS-DOS, as does Windows 3.x.
`For backward compatibility, Windows 95 can run MS-DOS
`software. Under Windows 95, filenames can be up to 255
`characters long and may include dots and spaces. Windows
`95 supports the Plug and Play method for installing and
`configuring hardware and can access Windows, NetWare,
`and UNIX networks. The minimum configuration for Win(cid:173)
`dows 95 is an 80386 processor with 4 MB of RAM, but an
`i486 or higher processor with at least 8 MB of RAM is
`recommended. Internet functionality is provided in large
`part in Windows 95 by Microsoft Internet Explorer. See
`also MS-DOS, NetWare, Plug and Play, Windows.
`
`Windows 98 n. An operating system with a graphical
`user interface for i486 and higher processors, released by
`Microsoft Corporation in 1998. Building upon Windows
`95, Windows 98 features an improved interface and more
`robust functionality. With the Active Desktop, Windows
`98 integrates Internet connectivity even more closely,
`allowing users to access remote files in the same way they
`would access files on their hard drives. Hardware support
`includes USB, IEEE 1394, AGP ports, television tuner
`cards, DVD drives, multiple modems, and multiple moni(cid:173)
`tors. Windows 98, Second Edition, released in 1999,
`builds on the