Microsoft
`
`Microsoft
`
`Computer
`Dictionary
`Fifth Edition
`
`PHI Learning Pro
`
`Q___Qj
`
`Delhi-110092
`2013
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1015, p. 1
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
`
`

`

`This Indian Reprint—-? 425.00
`(Original U.S. Edition—^ 1998.00)
`
`MICROSOFT® COMPUTER DICTIONARY, 5th Ed.
`by Microsoft Corporation
`
`© PHI Learning Private Limited [2013]. Authorised English Reprint of IVIicrosoft Computer
`Dictionary, 5th ed. ISBN.-978-0-7356-1495-4 © 2002, Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
`No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic
`or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system,
`without permission in wnting from the publisher.
`
`Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, ActiveStore, ActiveSync, Activex, Authenticode, Backoffice,
`BizTalk, ClearType, DirectSD, DirectAnimation, directDraw, Directlnput, DirectMusic, DirectPlay, DirectShow,
`DirectSound, DirectX, Entourage, FoxPro, Frontpage, Hotmail, IntelliEye, IntelliMouse, InteiliSense, JScript,
`MapPoint, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, Mobile Explorer, MS-DOS, MSN, Music Central, NetMeeting, Outlook,
`PhotoDraw, Powerpoint, SharePoint, UltimateTV, Visio, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, Visual InterDev,
`Visual J++, Visual SourceSafe, Visual Studio, Win32, Win32s, Windows, Windows Media, Windows NT, Xbox are
`either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft. Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.
`Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places, and
`events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product, domain name,
`e-mail adress, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.
`
`This Eastern Economy Edition is the authorized, unabridged reprint published by PHI Learning
`Private Limited, © 2002 by arrangement with original publisher, Microsoft Press, a division of
`Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, U.S.A.
`
`This edition is authorised for sale in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan,
`Myanmar and Maldives only.
`
`ISBN-978-81 -203-2055-0
`
`The export rights of this book are vested solely with the publisher.
`
`Published by Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning Private Limited, Rimjhim House, 111, Patparganj
`Industrial Estate, Delhi-110092 and Printed by Syndicate Binders, A-20, Hosiery Complex, Noida,
`Phase-11 Extension, Noida-201305 (N.C.R. Delhi).
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1015, p. 2
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
`
`

`

`^isK'operatjnglsysteiTp^
`
`IpaGel
`
`each of which ideally is attached to its own controller.
`With disk mtn-oring, any change made to the original disk
`is simultaneously made to the other disks so that if the
`original disk becomes damaged or corrupted, the mirror
`disks will contain a current, undamaged collection of the
`data from the original disk. Also called: disk duplexing.
`See also fault tolerance.
`
`disk operating system n. See DOS.
`
`disk pack n. A collection of disks in a protective con-
`tainer. Used primarily with minicomputers and mainframe
`computers, a disk pack is a removable medium, generally
`a stack of 14-inch disks in a plastic housing.
`
`disk partition n. A logical compartment on a physical
`disk drive. A single disk might have two or more logical
`disk partitions, each of which would be referenced with a
`different disk drive name. Multiple partitions are divided
`into a primary (boot) partition and one or more extended
`partitions.
`
`disk server n. A node on a local area network that acts
`as a remote disk drive shared by network users. Unlike a
`file server, which performs the more sophisticated tasks
`of managing network requests for files, a disk server
`functions as a storage medium on which users can read
`and write files. A disk server can be divided into sections
`(volumes), each of which appears to be a separate disk.
`Compare file server.
`
`disk striping n. The procedure of combining a set of
`same-size disk partitions that reside on separate disks
`(from 2 to 32 disks) into a single volume, forming a virtual
`stripe across the disks that the operating system recog-
`nizes as a single drive. Disk striping enables multiple I/O
`operations in the same volume to proceed concurrently,
`thus offering enhanced performance. See also disk striping
`with parity, input/output.
`
`disk striping with parity n. The technique of maintain-
`ing parity infonnation across a disk stripe so that if one
`disk partition fails, the data on that disk can be re-created
`using the information stored across the remaining parti-
`dons in the disk stripe. See also disk striping, fault toler-
`ance, panty.
`
`disk unit n. A disk drive or its housing.
`
`dispatcher n. In .some multitasking operating systems,
`the set of routines responsible for allocating CPU (central
`processing unit) dme to various applications.
`
`dispatch table n, A table of identifiers &nd addresses for
`a certain class of routines such as interrupt handlers (rou-
`tines earned out in response to certmn signals or condi-
`tions). Also called: interrupt vector table, jump table,
`vector table. See also interrupt handler,
`
`disperse vb. To break up and place in more than one loca-
`tion—for example, to disperse results among several gets
`of data or to disperse items (such as fields in records) so
`that they appear in more than one plaee in the output,
`Compare distribute.
`
`dispersion n. The degree to which, at any given time,
`data in a distributed (interconnected) system of computers
`is stored at different locations or on different devices,
`
`display n. The visual output device of a computer, which
`is commonly a CRT-based video display, With portable
`and notebook computers, the display is usually an LCD-
`based or a gas plasma-based flat-panel display. See also
`Hat-panel display, liquid crystal display, video adapter,
`video display.
`
`display adapter n. See video adapter.
`
`display attribute n. A quality assigned to a character or
`an image displayed-on the screen. Display attnbutes-include
`such features as color, intensity, and blinMng. Users of
`appUcadons can control display attributes when programs
`allow them to change color and other screen elements, •
`
`display background n. In computer graphics, the portion
`of an on-screen image that remains static while other ele"
`ments change; for example, window-borders on a screen,
`or a palette of shapes or patterns in a drawing program.
`
`display board n. See video adapter.
`
`display card n. See video adapter.
`
`display cycle n. The complete set of events that must
`occur in order for a computer image to be displayed on
`the screen, including both the software creation pfan .
`image in a computer's video memory and the hardware
`operations required for accurate on-screen display. See
`also refresh cycle.
`
`Display Data Channel n. See DDC.
`
`display device n. See display.
`
`display element n. See graphics primitive.
`
`display entity n. See entity, graphics primitive.
`
`display face n. A typeface suitable for headings an'd titles
`in documents, distinguished by its ability to stand out from
`
`166
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1015, p. 3
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
`
`

`

`||ex|§n§i6le|ling:i^^i§|gii||ilii^^
`
`'^M^
`
`extensible language n. A computer language that allows
`the user to extend or modify the syntax and semantics of the
`language. In the strict sense, the term relates to only a few
`of the languages actually used that allow the programmer to
`change the language itself, such as Forth. See also computer
`language, semantics (definition 1), syntax.
`
`Extensible Markup Language or extensible Markup
`Language n. See XML.
`
`extensible style language n. See XSL.
`
`extensible Stylesheet Language n. See XSL.
`
`extensible Stylesheet Language Formatting
`Objects n. See XSL-FO.
`
`Extensible Stylesheets Language-Transformations n.
`See XSLT.
`
`extension n. 1. A set of characters added to a filename
`that serves to extend or clarify its meaning or to identify a
`file as a member of a category. An extension may be
`assigned by the user or by a program, as, for example,
`.corn or .exe for executable programs that MS-DOS can
`load and run. 2. A supplemental set of codes used to
`include additional characters in a particular character set.
`3. A program or program module that adds functionality
`to or extends the effectiveness of a program. 4. On the
`Macintosh, a program that alters or augments the function-
`ality of the operating system. There are two types: system
`extensions, such as QuickTime, and Chooser extensions,
`such as printer drivers. When a Macintosh is turned on, the
`extensions in the Extensions folder within the System
`folder are loaded into memory. See also Chooser exten-
`sion, QuickTime, System folder.
`
`Extension Manager n. A-Macintosh utility developed by
`Apple that allows the user to determine which extensions
`are loaded when the computer is turned on. See also exten-
`sion (definition 4).
`
`extent n. On a disk or other direct-access storage device,
`a continuous block of storage space reserved by the oper-
`atmg system for a particular file or program.
`
`exterior gateway protocol n. A protocol used by routers
`(gateways) on separate, independent networks for distrib-
`uting routing information between and among them-
`selves—for example, between hosts on the Internet.
`Acronym: EGP. Also called: external gateway protocol.
`Compare interior gateway protocol.
`
`external command n. A program included in an operat-
`ing system such as MS-DOS that is loaded into memory
`
`and executed only when its name is entered at the system
`prompt. Although an external command is a program in its
`own right, it is called a command because it is included
`with the operating system. See also XCMD. Compare
`internal command.
`
`external function n. See XFCN.
`
`External Gateway Protocol n. A protocol for distnbut-
`ing information regarding availability to the routers and
`gateways that interconnect networks. Acronym: EGP. See
`also gateway, router.
`
`external gateway protocol n. See exterior gateway
`protocol.
`
`external hard disk n. A free-standing hard disk with its
`own case and power supply, connected to the computer
`with a data cable and used mainly as a portable unit. See
`also hard disk.
`
`external interrupt n. A hardware interrupt generated by
`hardware elements external to the microprocessor. See
`also hardware interrupt, internal interrupt, interrupt.
`
`external modem n. A stand-alone modem that is con-
`nected via cable to a computer's serial port. See also
`internal modem.
`
`external reference n. A reference in a program or rou-
`tine to some identifier, such as code or data, that is not
`declared within that program or routine. The term usually
`refers to an idendfier declared in code that is separately
`compiled. See also compile.
`
`external storage n. A storage medium for data, such as a
`disk or tape unit, that is external to a computer's memory.
`
`external viewer n. A separate application used to view
`documents that are of a type that cannot be handled by the
`current application. See also helper program.
`
`extract vb. 1. To remove or duplicate items from a larger
`group in a systematic manner. 2. In programming, to
`derive one set of characters from another by using a mask
`(pattern) that determines which characters to remove.
`
`extra-high-density floppy disk n. A 3.5-inch floppy disk
`capable of holding 4 MB of data and requiring a special
`disk drive that has two heads rather than one. See also
`floppy disk.
`
`extranet n. An extension of a corporate intranet using
`World Wide Web technology to facilitate communication
`with the corporation's suppliers and customers. An extra-
`net allows customers and suppliers to gain limited access
`
`203
`
`l^lrt^lUJIngiiigl
`
`itecture n. See EISA.
`
`ory beyond 1 mega-
`.0x86 processors. This
`0386 or higher-level
`ide or m emulation on
`MS-DOS programs
`nly places the proces-
`of features in the '
`map portions of
`nemory. Extended
`x, all versions of Wm-
`wsXP. See also EMS,
`cted mode.
`
`!. A specification
`, and AST Research
`ving real-mode appli-
`areas of memory not
`.anagedbyaninstall-
`mory Manager
`s driver to access the
`See also Expanded
`
`r )
`
`f Video Graphics '
`Ie of displaying an
`00 x 1200 pixels and
`7 million (224) col-
`tillion colors fhat a
`3 considered a digital
`;ls analog television.
`? also analog-to-digi-
`
`•ard.
`
`In computers with
`ace between the
`low-level booting
`face is made up of
`;ed information, plus
`re available to the
`'vide a standard envi-
`:em and running pre-
`
`uage or extensible
`XFDL.
`
`iguage n. See
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1015, p. 4
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
`
`

`

`_^ on the electron^
`radiation, such as~r^
`can cany signify0
`neansofinfon^io
`1 strands of glass or"
`rens or hundreds of
`itical fibers are essen.
`tterference. See also'
`
`itics, an infinite serfes
`Ae sum of the two
`
`e'2'1'2,3, 5, 8, 13.
`named for the thir-
`rdoPibonacciofpisa.
`s_usedto speed binary
`of data into groups in
`rpau-s of numbers in
`^adatasetof34
`IP of 21 and another
`he group of 13, the
`up of 13 is divided
`uld continue until the
`ccessive terms in the •
`Golden Ratio, a
`;nt the proportions of
`ibes many things,
`ie proportions of
`"thenon, in Athens,
`
`3-mail, newsgroup
`s. The protocol orig-
`)84 by Tom Jen-
`'een a factor in its
`exchange e-mail
`BSs, private compa-
`ions), and individu-
`
`ch a particular type
`)YEE-RECORD
`s, Pirst-Name,
`
`^te, Cun-ent-Salary,
`.1 fields are charac-
`ie type of data (for
`
`&i^ffeisnst^s
`
`Ifijpeiftagmen^lti^
`
`alphabetic, numeric, or fmancial) that can be
`in them. The faciUty for creating these specifica-
`^ris usually is contained in the data definition language
`^r\nD. ID relational database management systems, fields
`lrfcafled columns. 2. A space in an on-screen form where
`,er can enter a specific item of information.
`
`fjeld-effect transistor n. See PET.
`
`expansion n. See date expansion.
`
`Field Programmable Gate Array n. See FPGA.
`
`fjeld-programmable logic array n. An integrated circuit
`containing an array of logic circuits in which the con-
`ctions between the individual circuits, and thus the
`ric functions of the array, can be programmed after
`manufacture, typically at the time of installation in the
`field. Programming can be performed only once, typi-
`cally by passing high current through fusible links on
`the chip. Acronym: FPLA. Also called: PLA, program-
`mable logic array.
`
`field separator n. Any character that separates one field of
`data from another. See also deltmiter, field (definition 1).
`
`FIFO n. See first in, first out.
`
`fifth-generation computer n. See computer.
`
`fifth normal form n. See normal form (definition 1).
`
`file n. A complete, named collection of information, such
`as a program, a set of data used by a program, or a user-
`created document. A file is the basic unit of storage that
`enables a computer to distinguish one set of information
`from another. A file is the "glue" that binds a conglomera-
`tion of instructions, numbers, words, or images into a
`coherent unit that a user can retrieve, change, delete, save,
`
`or send to an output device.
`
`file allocation table n. A table or list maintained by
`some operating systems to manage disk space used for file
`storage. Files on a disk are stored, as space allows, in
`fixed-size groups of bytes (characters) rather than from
`beginning to end as contiguous strings of text or numbers.
`A single file can'thus be scattered in pieces over many
`separate storage areas. A file allocation table maps avail-
`able disk storage space so that it can mark Hawed seg-
`ments that should not be used and can find and link the
`pieces of a file. In MS-DOS, the file allocation table is
`commonly known as the FAT. See also FAT file system.
`
`file attribute n. A restrictive label attached to a file that
`describes and regulates its use—for example, hidden, sys-
`
`tem, read-only, archive, and so forth. In MS-DOS, this
`information is stored as part of the file's directory entry.
`
`file backup n. See backup.
`
`file compression n. The process of reducing the size of a
`file for transmission or storage. See also data compression.
`
`file control block n. A small block of memory tempo-
`rarily assigned by a computer's operating system to hold
`information about an opened file. A file control block typ-
`ically contains such information as the file's identification,
`its location on a disk, and a pointer that marks the user's
`current (or last) position in the file. Acronym: PCB.
`
`file conversion n. The process of transforming the data in
`a file from one format to another without altering the
`data—for example, converting a file from a word proces-
`sor's format to its ASCII equivalent. In some cases, infor-
`mation about the data, such as formatting, may be lost.
`Another, more detailed, type of file conversion involves
`changing character coding from one standard to another,
`as in converting EBCDIC characters (which are used pri-
`marily with mainframe computers) to ASCII characters.
`See also ASCH, EBCDIC.
`
`file extension n. See extension (definition 1).
`
`file extent n. See extent.
`
`file format n. The structure of a file that defines the way
`it is stored and laid out on the screen or in print. The for-
`mat can be fairly simple and common, as are files stored
`as "plain" ASCII text, or it can be quite complex and
`include various types of control instrucdons and codes
`used by programs, printers, and other devices. Examples
`include RTF (Rich Text Format), DCA (Document Con-
`tent Architecture), PICT, DIP (Data Interchange Format),
`DXF (Data Exchange File), TIFF (Tagged Image File For-
`mat), and EPSF (Encapsulated Postscript Format).
`
`file fragmentation n. 1. The breaking apart of files as
`they are stored by the operating system into small, sepa-
`rate segments on disk. The condition is a natural conse-
`quence of enlarging files and saving them on a crowded
`disk that no longer contains contiguous blocks of free
`space large enough to hold them. File fragmentation is not
`an integrity problem, although it can eventually slow read
`and write access times if the disk is very full and storage is
`badly fragmented. Software products are available for
`redistributing (optimizing) file storage to reduce fragmen-
`tation. 2. In a database, a situation in which records are not
`stored in their optimal access sequence because of accu-
`mulated additions and deletions of records. Most database
`
`211
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1015, p. 5
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
`
`

`

`filegap
`
`^ftleffserve^
`
`systems offer or contain utility programs that resequence
`records to improve efficiency of access and to aggregate
`free space occupied by deleted records.
`
`mum length and allowable characters of a file name, vary
`from one operating system to another. See also directory,
`path (definition 5).
`
`file gap n. See block gap.
`
`file name extension n. See extension (definition 1).
`
`file handle n. In MS-DOS, OS/2, and Windows, a token
`'(number) that the system uses to identify or refer to an
`open file or, sometimes, to a device.
`
`file-handling routine n. Any routine designed to assist in
`creating, opening, accessing, and closing files. M.ost high-
`level languages have built-in file-handling routines,
`although more sophisticated or complex file-handling rou-
`tines in an application are often created by the programmer.
`
`file header n. See header (definition 2).
`
`file layout n. In data storage, the organization of records
`within a file. Frequently, descriptions of the record struc-
`ture are also included within the file layout.
`
`file librarian n. A person or process responsible for main-
`taining, archiving, copying, and providing access to a col-
`lection of data.
`
`file maintenance n. Broadly, the process of changing
`information in a file, altering a file's control information
`or structure, or copying and archiving files. A person
`using a terminal to enter data, the program accepting the
`data from the terminal and writing it to a data file, and a
`database administrator using a utility to alter the format of
`a database file are all forms of file maintenance.
`
`file management system n. The organizational struc-
`ture that an operating system or program uses to order and
`track files. For example, a hierarchical file system uses
`directories in a so-called tree structure. All operating sys-
`tems have built-in file management systems. Commer-
`cially available products implement additional features
`that provide more sophisticated means of navigating, find-
`ing, and organizing files. See also file system, hierarchical
`file system.
`
`file manager n. A module of an operating system or envi-
`ronment that controls the physical placement of and
`access to a group of program files.
`
`file name n. The set of letters, numbers, and allowable
`symbols assigned to a file to distinguish it from all other
`files in a particular directory on a disk. A file name is the
`label under which a computer user saves and requests a
`block of information. Both programs and data have file
`names and often extensions that further identify the type
`or purpose of the file. Naming conventions, such as maxi-
`
`filename globbing n. A Linux command-line feature,
`available on most FTP servers, which allows a user to
`refer to sets of files without individually listing each file
`name. Filename globbing can be used to select or delete
`all files in a working directory with a single command. At
`the discretion of the user, globbing can match all files, or
`only those with filenames containing a specific character
`or range of characters. See also wildcard character.
`
`file property n. A detail about a file that helps identify it,
`such as a descriptive title, the author name, the subject, or
`a keyword that identifies topics or other important infor-
`mation in the file.
`
`file protection n. A process or device by which the
`existence and integrity of a file are maintained. Meth-
`ods of file protection range from allowing read-only
`access and assigning passwords to covering the write-
`protect notch on a disk and locking away floppy disks
`holding sensitive files.
`
`file recovery n. The process of reconstructing lost or
`um-eadable files on disk. Files are lost when they are inad-
`vertently deleted, when on-disk information about their
`storage is damaged, or when the disk is damaged. File
`recovery involves the use of utility programs that attempt
`to rebuild on-disk information about the storage locations
`of deleted files. Because deletion makes the file's disk
`space available but does not remove the data, data that has
`not yet been overwritten can be recovered. In the case of
`damaged files or disks, recovery programs read whatever
`raw data they can find, and save the data to a new disk or
`file in ASCII or numeric (binary or hexadecimal) form. In
`some instances, however, such reconstructed files contain
`so much extraneous or mixed information that they are
`um-eadable. The best way to recover a file is to restore it
`from a backup copy.
`
`file retrieval n. The act of accessing a data file and trans-
`ferring it from a storage location to the machine where it is
`to be used.
`
`file server n. A file-storage device on a local area net-
`work that is accessible to all users on the network. Unlike
`a disk server, which appears to the user as a remote disk
`drive, a file server is a sophisticated device that not only
`stores files but manages them and maintains order as net-
`
`212
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1015, p. 6
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
`
`

`

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`
`hot swapping n. See hot plugging.
`
`HotSync n. Software application from Palm that permits
`data synchronization between a Palm handheld computing
`device and another computmg device, such as a laptop or
`personal computer. The synchronization occurs via a cable
`connection or wirelessly (for example, via infrared signals).
`
`HotWired n. A Web site affiliated with Wired magazine
`that contains uews, gossip, and other information about
`the culture of the Internet.
`
`housekeeping n. Any of various routines, such as updat-
`ing the clock or performing garbage collection, designed
`to keep the system, the environment within which a pro-
`gram mns, or the data structures within a program in good
`working order.
`
`hover button n. Text or an image on a Web page, usu-
`aUy in the form of a button, that changes appearance
`when a cursor passes over it. The hover button may
`change color, blink, display a pop-up with additional
`information, or produce other similar effects. Hover but-
`tons are usually implemented through ActiveX objects
`and scnpring, although hover behavior can also be set
`through HTML attributes.
`
`HPC n. See handheld PC.
`
`HPFS n. Acronym for High Performance File System. A
`file system available with OS/2 versions 1.2 and later. See
`also FAT file system, NTFS.
`
`HPGL n. Acronym for Hewlett-packard Graphics Lan-
`guage. A language originally developed for images des-
`tined for plotters. An HPGL file consists of instructions
`that a program can use to reconstruct a graphical image.
`
`HPIB n. Acronym for Hewlett-packard laterface Bus. See
`general-purpose interface bus.
`
`HPPCL n. Acronym for Hewlett-packard Printer Control
`Language. See Printer Control Language.
`
`HP/UX or HP-UX n. Acronym for Hewlett-packard
`UNDO. A version of the UNIX operating system specifi-
`cally designed to be run on Hewlett-packard's worksta-
`tions. See also UNIX.
`
`•hqx n. A file extension for a file encoded with BinHex.
`See also BinHex.
`
`HREF n. Short for hypertext reference. An attribute in an
`HTML document that defines a link to another document
`on the Web. See also HTML.
`
`HSB n. Acronym for hue-satm-ation-brightness. A color
`model in which hue is the color itself as placed on a color
`wheel, where 0° is red, 60° is yellow, 120° is green, 180°
`is cyan, 240° is blue, and 300° is magenta; saturation is
`the percentage of the specified hue in the color; and
`brightness is the percentage of white m the color. Also
`called: HLS, HSV, hue. See also color model. Compare
`CMY, RGB.
`
`HSIV1 n. Short for Hierarchical Storage Management; A
`technology for managing online data and data storage in
`which the medium on which the information resides is
`linlied to the frequency with which the information is
`accessed. By migrating data to and from primary (rapidly
`accessed but expensive) and secondary (slower but less
`expensive) storage, HSM maintains often-used infomia-
`tion on primary storage media and less frequently used
`data on secondary storage such as tape or an optical juke-
`box. Although information resides on different storage
`media, all of it appears to be on line and remains accessi-
`ble to the user. When users request data residmg on sec-
`ondary storage, HSM moves the iiifomiation back to the
`primary storage medium.
`
`HSV n. Acronym for hue-saturation-value. See HSB.
`
`H-sync n. See horizontal synchronization.
`
`HTCPCP n. Acronym for Hyper Text Coffee Pot Con-
`trol Protocol. A protocol defmed in jest as an April Fools'
`Day spoof of open Internet standards. HTCPCP/1.0 was
`proposed in RFC 2324 on April 1,1998 by Lai-ry Masmter
`of Xerox PARC. In this RFC, Masmter described a proto-
`col for controlling, monitoring, and diagnosing coffee pots.
`
`.htm n. The MS-DOSAVindows 3.x file extension that
`identifies Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) files,
`most commonly used as Web pages. Because MS-DOS
`and Windows 3.x cannot recognize file extensions longer
`than three letters, the .html extension is truncated to three
`letters in those environments. See also HTML.
`
`•html n. The file extension that identifies Hypertext
`Markup Language (HTML) files, most commonly used as
`Web pages. See also HTML.
`
`HTML n. Acronym for Hypertext Markup Language. The
`markup language used for documents on the World Wide
`Web. A tag-based notation language used to format docu-
`ments that can then be interpreted and rendered by an
`Internet browser. HTML is an application of SGML (Stan-
`dard Generalized Markup Language) that uses tags to
`mark elements, such as text and graphics, in a document to
`
`258
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1015, p. 7
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
`
`

`

`|messagel:ransfeF^ent|
`
`?m^o^Q^3a^eal^N(^
`
`message transfer agent n. See MTA.
`
`messaging n. The use of computers and data commum-
`cation equipment to convey messages from one person to
`another, as by e-mail, voice mail, or fax.
`
`messaging application n. An application that enables
`users to send messages (such as e-mail or fax) to each
`other.
`
`Messaging Application Programming Interface
`n. See MAPI.
`
`messaging client n. An application program that enables
`its user to send or receive messages (such as e-mail or fax)
`to and from other users with the help of a remote server.
`
`messaging-oriented middleware n. See MOM.
`
`meta- prefix Literally, a prefix that describes a process or
`characteristic beyond the normal meaning of the word
`without the prefix. For example, metaphysics is "beyond
`physics." In computing, meta- is usually attached to a
`word to indicate that the "metaterm" describes, defines, or
`acts upon objects or concepts of the same type as itself.
`So, for example, metadata is data about data and a meta-
`tool is a tool for working on tools.
`
`metacharacter n. A character embedded in a program
`source or a data stream that conveys information about
`other characters, rather than itself representing a character.
`A simple example is the backslash (\) character, which,
`when used m stnngs in the C programming language, indi-
`cates that the letter following the backslash is part of an
`escape sequence that enables C to display a nongraphic
`character. See also escape character.
`
`metacompiler n. A compiler that produces compilers.
`The UNDO utility yacc (Yet Another Compiler-Compiler)
`is a metacompiler. If it is given a language specification,
`yacc produces a compiler for that language. See also com-
`piler (defmition 2).
`
`Meta-Content Format n. An open format for describing
`information about content of a structured body of data
`such as a Web page, a set of files on a Windows desktop,
`or a relational database. Meta-Content Format might be
`used for indexes, data dictionaries, or price lists. Acronym:
`MCF.
`
`metadata or meta data n.l. Data about data. For exam-
`pie, the title, subject, author, and size of a file constitute
`metadata about the file. See also data dictionary, reposi-
`tory. 2. In the Microsoft .NET Framework, information
`that describes every element managed by the runtime: an
`
`assembly, loadable file, type, method, and so on. This can
`include information required for debugging and garbage
`coUection, as weU as secunty attnbutes, marshaling data.
`extended class and member defmitions, version bmding,
`and other information required by the runtune.
`
`Metadata Interchange Specification n. A set of speci-
`fications dealing with the exchanging, sharing, and man-
`aging ofmetadata. Acronym: MDIS. See also metadata
`(definition 1).
`
`metafile n. A file that contains or defines other files.
`Many operating systems use metafiles to contain directory
`information about other files on a given storage device.
`
`metaflow n. One of the four stages of the data warehous-
`ing process, during which metadata (data about data) is
`tracked and managed; the business modeling stage. Dur-
`ing metaflow, the operational environment is mapped to
`the data warehouse environment. See also data warehouse
`(definition 2), downflow, inflow, metadata (defuaition 1),
`upflow.
`
`metalanguage n. A language used to describe other lan-
`guages. Backus-Naur form (BNF) is a metalangiiage com-
`monly used to define programming languages. Also
`called: language-description language. See also Backus-
`Naur form.
`
`metal-oxide semiconductor n. See MOS.
`
`metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor
`n. See MOSFET.
`
`metaoperating system n. An operating system under
`which several other operating systems are active. Also
`called: supervisor.
`
`metatag or meta tag n. A tag m an HTML or XML
`document that allows a Web-page creator to include such
`information as the author's name, keywords identifymg
`content, and descriptive details (for example, non-text
`objects on the page). The information that is marked with
`metatags does not appear on the Web page when a user
`views it in a browser, but it can be viewed in the HTML or
`XML source. Metatags are included in the head of a docu-
`ment and are often used to assist search engines in index-
`ing the page. See also HTML, source, tag, XML.
`
`method n. In object-oriented programming, a process
`performed by an object when it receives a message. See
`also object (definition 2), object-oriented programming.
`
`Metropolitan Area Exchange n. See MAE (definition 2).
`
`metropolitan area network n. See MAN.
`
`336
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1015, p. 8
`Microsoft v. Daedalus Blue
`IPR2021-00831
`
`