(12) United States Patent
`Saarinen
`
`USOO6882335B2
`(10) Patent No.:
`US 6,882,335 B2
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Apr. 19, 2005
`
`(54) STEREOPHONIC REPRODUCTION
`MANTAINING MEANS AND METHODS
`FOR OPERATION IN HORIZONTAL AND
`VERTICAL A/V APPLIANCE POSITIONS
`(75) Inventor: Pertti Saarinen, Salo (FI)
`(73) Assignee: Nokia Corporation, Espoo (FI)
`(*) Notice:
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 470 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/775,357
`(22) Filed:
`Feb. 1, 2001
`(65)
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2001/001 1993 A1 Aug. 9, 2001
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`(30)
`Feb. 8, 2000 (GB) ............................................. OOO2866
`(51) Int. Cl. .............................. G09G 5700; G06F 1/16
`(52) U.S. Cl. ....................... 345/156; 361/681; 361/683;
`348/794
`(58) Field of Search ................................. 361/680-683;
`341/20–26; 381/59, 333, 335, 336, 386-388,
`87; 348/794; 34.5/156, 169, 173, 158
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4,570,158 A
`5,396,301 A *
`5,640,627 A *
`5,661,632 A
`
`2/1986 Bleich et al.
`3/1995 Sasaki et al. ............... 348/794
`6/1997 Nakano et al. ............. 396/296
`8/1997 Register
`
`5,708,561. A * 1/1998 Huilgol et al. .............. 361/681
`6,078.497 A * 6/2000 Derocher et al. .....
`... 361/683
`6,597,384 B1 * 7/2003 Harrison ..............
`... 345/169
`2002/0140675 A1
`10/2002 Ali et al. .................... 34.5/158
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`11/1991
`3/1994
`4/1997
`3/1998
`5/1999
`1/1991
`9/1994
`
`EP
`O458316
`EP
`O587161
`EP
`O766168
`GB
`2317489
`GB
`2331.204
`WO
`91OO586
`WO
`94.19736
`* cited by examiner
`Primary Examiner Amr A. Awad
`ASSistant Examiner Alecia D. Nelson
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`Display apparatus including a display and an orientation
`Sensitive interface mechanism is disclosed. In an exemplary
`embodiment, the orientation Sensitive interface includes first
`and Second loudspeaker pairs. The first loudspeaker pair
`includes first and Second loudspeakers and the Second loud
`Speaker pair includes the Second and third loudspeaker. The
`first and Second loudspeaker pairs are disposed along trans
`verse directions to each other. The display apparatus com
`prises a Switch which Switches between the first loudspeaker
`pair and the Second loudspeaker pair. By providing the
`respective loudspeaker pairs, and Switching between them, it
`is possible to orient the display apparatus in transverse
`directions corresponding to respective loudspeaker pairs, yet
`maintain a Substantially Stereophonic reproduction for each
`orientation.
`
`19 Claims, 13 Drawing Sheets
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`2O
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`25
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`263
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`26C
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`26C
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`2O
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`26d
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`26b /- B
`32
`Landscape position
`(a)
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`a
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`Bp N "N
`26á- Portrait position
`34
`3O
`(b)
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`U.S. Patent
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`Apr. 19, 2005
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`Sheet 1 of 13
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`US 6,882,335 B2
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`a-O Listener
`FG1
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`24C
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`Apr. 19, 2005
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`Sheet 2 of 13
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`26a
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`26C
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`26C
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`20
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`26d
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`32
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`26d
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`N
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`30
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`ar
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`Bp
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`26a7- Portrait position
`(b)
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`N.
`-n
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`34
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`09
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`Apr. 19, 2005
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`Apr. 19, 2005
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`Sheet 6 of 13
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`Virtual stereo base
`K->-192
`Stereo-base N-N90
`96
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`94.
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`86
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`88
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`600
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`ar-O Listener
`FG8
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`100
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`L/R Audio Signals
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`Stereo Base
`Extender
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`Mono Stereo
`Detection
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`FG.9
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`68a
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`208C
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`".
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`208b.
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`7-68a
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`208C
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`(a)
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`68/2O2
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`226
`Stereo microphone assembly
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`- - -
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`ant 78
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`Control from portrait /
`landscape detector
`F.G. 12
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`R-REAMS ABOVE
`SCREEN
`- 244
`( a)
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`MDA 200
`CROSS-SECTION
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`SCREEN SURFACE
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`246b
`R-TRANSMITTERS
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`2
`H
`H
`(?)
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`H
`Oz
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`246a
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`-
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`O
`Y
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`F.G. 13
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`Sheet 13 of 13
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`200
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`304
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`- 1 e
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`1 1
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`(a)
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`308
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`306
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`f
`g
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`<
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`s
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`-
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`- - - - -
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`um
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`N.
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`N
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`N
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`N
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`1
`STEREOPHONC REPRODUCTION
`MANTAINING MEANS AND METHODS
`FOR OPERATION IN HORIZONTAL AND
`VERTICAL A/V APPLIANCE POSITIONS
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`1. Technical Field
`The present invention relates to display apparatus and
`methods of operation therefor. In particular, but not
`exclusively, the present invention relates to display appara
`tus comprising an orientation Sensitive user interface mecha
`nism.
`2. Discussion of Related Art
`Various types of display apparatus are well known, for
`example cathode ray tubes, liquid crystal displays and
`plasma displayS, Such as may be used for television or visual
`display units for computer Systems, or hand or palm held
`computers. Many types of display apparatus are associated
`with or include orientation Sensitive interface mechanisms.
`For example, user interface mechanisms. Such as keyboards
`or keypads, microphones, loudspeakers and the displayed
`image itself.
`Taking loudspeakers as an example, typically, television
`displays, and increasingly VDU displayS, have integral
`Speakers which are configured to provide Stereophonic
`Sound reproduction for a viewer. Such displayS may be used
`as mobile display appliances or apparatus to provide highly
`Versatile display media for conferences, Seminars, advertis
`ing and information points Such as tourist information, and
`for personal mobile computing devices, for example. The
`image displayed on the display can be dynamic and may
`even be alterable by a user inputting control Signals in
`response to a menu display, for example. Audio feedback
`and information may be conveyed to the viewer via the
`Speakers. DisplayS may be entirely portable or may be
`movable between different locations although removably
`fixed into place during operation. Furthermore, depending
`upon the nature of the image to be displayed, the display
`apparatus may be configured in a landscape or portrait
`orientation. That is to Say, in a landscape orientation the
`display axis having the greatest dimension is Substantially
`horizontal, whilst in the portrait orientation the axis having
`greatest dimension is Substantially vertical.
`In Stereophonic reproduction, two loudspeakers, conven
`tionally referred to as left and right Speakers as viewed from
`an observer, and labelled 2 and 4 respectively in FIG. 1, are
`each fed with a respective audio signal. The respective audio
`Signals are Such that when the Speakers 2.4 are appropriately
`disposed along a Stereo baseline 6 with respect to each other
`and to a listener 8, the listener experiences an audio image
`representative of the Source from which the audio signal was
`created. That is to Say, the listener experiences a Spatial
`audio image. In order for the Stereophonic effect to be
`reproduced accurately, the Speakers 2.4 and listener 8 should
`be disposed relative to each other Such that the Stereo
`baseline 6 subtends an angle of 60 with respect to the
`listener 8. In other words, the speakers 2, 4 and listener 8
`should preferably form the vertices of an equilateral triangle.
`Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, displays in both the
`landscape orientation, FIGS. 2a and 3a, and portrait
`orientation, FIGS. 2b and 3b, are illustrated. FIG. 2 illus
`trates a display apparatus 20 having a display 22. The
`display apparatus 20 also comprises four SpeakerS 24 respec
`tively disposed at each corner of the display apparatus.
`Referring now to FIG. 3, further display apparatus 20 is
`illustrated, having a display 22 and four Speakers 24.
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`However, in the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 3, the speakers
`24 are each disposed at a halfway point along respective
`Sides of the apparatus 20.
`FIGS. 2a and 3a illustrate the display apparatus 20
`configured in landscape orientation, and FIGS. 2b and 3b in
`a portrait orientation. The landscape orientation is defined as
`the longest dimension of the display 22 being horizontal
`relative to a viewer, and the portrait orientation is defined as
`the longest dimension of the display 22 being vertical
`relative to a viewer. The terms "horizontal” and “vertical”
`are used herein with reference to a viewer and are to be
`interpreted within that context and should not be limited to
`any strict geometrical meaning which the respective words
`might have. Furthermore, the terms “viewer' and “listener”
`are used interchangeably and are not limiting on the Scope
`of the invention or appended claims.
`The provision of four Speakers for the display apparatus
`illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 is important with regard to the
`maintenance of a Stereo base for both landscape and portrait
`orientations.
`In a landscape orientation, the display mode of the display
`apparatus would generally also be landscape, and the display
`of FIG.2a would typically produce Stereo Sound by utilising
`SpeakerS 24a and 24b to provide the left channel Speakers,
`and Speakers 24c and 24d to provide right channel Speakers,
`denoted in FIG.2a by Lll and Llr, respectively, for the stereo
`base. In FIG.3a, single speakers 24a and 24c provide the left
`and right Speakers for the Stereo base and are also denoted
`Lll and Llr, respectively. When the display apparatus 20 is
`in a portait orientation, with the display mode also in portrait
`mode, the respective speaker pairs forming the left channel
`SpeakerS Lll and right channel Speakers Llr for the landscape
`orientation are at the bottom and top of the display, respec
`tively. Consequently, they are unsuitable for providing a
`tereo base to a viewer for the display being in a portrait
`orientation.
`When the display apparatus is placed in a portrait
`orientation, as illustrated in FIG.2b, the Speakers providing
`the Stereo base in the landscape orientation are now disposed
`at the top and bottom of the display apparatus.
`Consequently, it is necessary to Switch operation of the
`Speakers to speakers 24a and 24c (Lpl) and Speakers 24b and
`24d (Lpr) in order to provide the left and right channels,
`respectively, of the Stereo base for the portrait orientation.
`Such Switching is known in the prior art.
`Referring now to FIG. 3a, speaker 24a provides the left
`channel speaker (Lll) and speaker 24c provides the right
`channel speaker (Llr) in the landscape orientation. FIG. 3b
`illustrates the display in portrait orientation with Speaker 24d
`providing the left channel speaker (Lpl) and speaker 24b
`providing the right channel speaker (Lpr).
`A drawback of the known display apparatus illustrated
`with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 is that they require at least
`four Speakers. In order to operate correctly, the Speakers
`need to be of Sufficient size and, consequently, any display
`apparatus must have a Sufficiently large housing in order to
`incorporate and Support the Speakers. Thus, the display
`apparatus housing can become bulky and unattractive. This
`is a particular problem when the display apparatus is part of
`a mobile or portable device, for example a laptop or hand/
`palm held personal computer or display device, a personal
`digital assistant or a wireleSS telephone, Since the provision
`of housing for bulky loudspeakers is inconsistent with the
`general desire to provide lightweight, low-volume, portable
`devices. An example of a multimedia portable wireleSS
`device is the Nokia TM CommunicatorTM.
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`3
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention,
`there is provided display apparatus, comprising:
`a display;
`an orientation Sensitive interface mechanism operable in
`first and Second modes corresponding to respective first and
`Second orientations of Said display; and
`Selection means for Selecting operation of Said orientation
`Sensitive interface mechanism in Said first or Second mode.
`Embodiments of display apparatus in accordance with a
`first aspect of this invention provide for significant flexibility
`and options in the orientations of the display apparatus
`which may be adopted by a user. This provides the advan
`tage that the display apparatus may be oriented to be optimal
`for the purpose to which it is put. In particular, for portable,
`handheld devices which are easily manipulable by a user
`into different orientations, for example according to the
`orientation of the displayed image, the orientation Sensitive
`interface mechanism may be Suitably configured for the
`desired orientation of the device by the user. This greatly
`enhances the utility of the display apparatus and devices
`incorporating Such display apparatus.
`Preferably, the display apparatus comprises orientation
`Sensing means for determining an orientation of the display
`which is operable to activate the Selection means in accor
`dance with the orientation. More preferably, activation of the
`Selection means is automatic.
`Suitably, the orientation Sensing means is operable to
`determine the orientation relative to the Surface of the earth.
`Thus, the orientation Sensing means Senses orientation rela
`tive to a typical viewer of the display apparatus.
`Optionally, the Selection means is user operable, prefer
`ably manually operable.
`In accordance with a particular embodiment of the present
`invention, particularly Suitable for portable electronic
`devices, Said orientation Sensing means comprises a display
`mode Sensor responsive to a display mode for an image to
`activate the Selection means to Select the first or Second
`mode of the orientation Sensitive interface mechanism in
`accordance with a Sensed display mode. Typically, the mode
`Sensor is responsive to a display mode control Signal. This
`advantageously configures operation of the interface mecha
`nism to correspond to the display mode utilised by the
`display apparatus. It is particularly useful for mobile elec
`tronic devices, where the physical orientation of the display
`apparatus may be easily varied. Thus, it may more often be
`the case that it is the display mode of the image that
`determines the physical orientation of the display apparatus
`relative to a user. That is to Say, a user of the electronic
`device will orientate it according to the display mode of the
`image.
`Typically, the display comprises one dimension corre
`sponding to a first direction which is greater than a dimen
`Sion corresponding to a Second direction, thereby respec
`tively defining a landscape and a portrait orientation for the
`display.
`In another aspect of the invention, the orientation Sensi
`tive interface mechanism includes display apparatus accord
`ing to any preceding claim, Said orientation Sensitive inter
`face mechanism including:
`a first loudspeaker pair comprising a first and Second
`loudspeaker disposed along a first axis corresponding to Said
`first orientation; and
`a third loudspeaker, Said Second and third loudspeaker
`forming a Second loudspeaker pair disposed along a Second
`axis corresponding to Said Second orientation;
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`Said Selection means operable to Select Said first or Second
`loudspeaker pair for operation in Said first or Second mode,
`respectively.
`Thus, an embodiment in accordance with this aspect of
`the invention is capable of providing Substantially Stereo
`phonic Sound images for respective orientations of the
`display apparatus. Additionally, only 3 loudspeakers are
`utilised, compared to the prior art configurations which
`require 4 loudspeakers. Thus the cost, weight and Volume of
`the display apparatus may be reduced compared to the
`known Systems. Optionally, higher quality Speakers may be
`included for Substantially the same cost. Furthermore, it is
`possible to provide the advantage that it is possible to
`orientate the display apparatus in transverse directions yet
`Still utilise an appropriate loudspeaker pair in accordance
`with selected orientations. This is particularly suitable if the
`display apparatus is to display images in different orienta
`tions with accompanying Stereophonic Sound.
`Suitably, the loudspeakers for respective first and Second
`loudspeaker pairs are disposed relative to each other in order
`to provide Substantially Stereophonic Sound images.
`Preferably, the display apparatus comprises audio cir
`cuitry which is Selectable to adapt a Signal input thereto to
`provide a Substantially Stereophonic image from the first or
`Second loudspeaker pair. Such Signals would typically com
`prise right and left channel Stereophonic Signals and the
`audio circuitry would be So-configured. Thus, the audio
`circuitry may adapt signals to compensate for configurations
`in which respective Speakers of either one of the first or
`Second pair of loudspeakers are not located in optimum
`positions to provide Stereophonic image.
`Typically, the audio circuitry is operable to provide Stereo
`extension means to widen the Stereophonic image produced
`by the first or Second loudspeaker pair. Such audio circuitry
`is particularly Suitable for portable devices, in which the
`Speakers of respective loudspeaker pairs are unlikely to be
`able to be located Sufficiently far apart to provide a proper
`Stereophonic image. By adapting the Signals in order to
`widen the Stereophonic image, improved audio listening
`may be achieved. Typically, the Stereo extension means
`introduces phase delay between right and left channel Ste
`reophonic Signals, Such phase delay introduced by coupling
`the right and left channel Stereophonic Signals by circuitry
`providing the phase delay.
`Audio circuitry operable to adapt Stereophonic Signals for
`both landscape and portrait orientations or display modes
`advantageously compensates for the physical Separation of
`respective loudspeakers in each loudspeaker pair being too
`Small for good Stereophonic reproduction Such as may be the
`case for portable devices. Thus, the audio circuitry elec
`tronically “widens” the stereo base provided by the loud
`Speakers by a different amount according to the display
`apparatus orientation or display mode.
`In a particular embodiment, the audio circuitry is operable
`to introduce a phase delay between the right and left channel
`Stereophonic Signals to widen the Stereophonic image pro
`duced by the first or Second loudspeaker pair. Suitably, the
`right and left channel Stereophonic Signals are coupled
`together via the phase delay.
`Optionally, the audio circuitry is Selectable to introduce a
`phase delay for just one of the first or Second loudspeaker
`pair. This is particularly advantageous Since one of the
`loudspeaker pairs may be configured to produce an optimum
`Stereophonic image for a default, or typically used, display
`orientation or display mode. Thus, the widened Stereophonic
`image, which is typically of lower quality than an unmodi
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`fied Stereophonic image, is used for the non-default leSS
`frequently-used orientation or display mode.
`Optionally, the audio circuitry may introduce a Stereo
`extension means phase delay for only one of the first or
`Second loudspeaker pair. This would be the case where the
`Speakers of at least one respective first or Second loud
`Speaker pairs are separated by an amount Sufficient to
`provide good Stereophonic Sound reproduction.
`Each of the loudspeakers can comprise more than one
`drive unit, that is to Say more than one movable membrane
`and drive circuitry. Such speakers comprising more than one
`unit will be Suitable for high quality Sound reproduction.
`In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention,
`there is provided display apparatus according to any pre
`ceding claim, further comprising:
`a touch Sensitive display;
`Said orientation Sensitive interface mechanism including a
`display driver operable in Said first mode to display a graphic
`Symbol disposed corresponding to Said first orientation and
`in Said Second mode to display Said graphic Symbol disposed
`corresponding to Said Second orientation.
`Such an embodiment advantageously provides for appro
`priate orientation of asymmetric graphic Symbols according
`to the orientation of the display apparatus.
`In particular, the display driver is operable in the first
`mode to display an image of keyboard on the touch Sensitive
`display disposed corresponding to the first orientation, and
`operable in a Second mode to display an image of a keyboard
`in a second orientation. Such keyboards may be a QWERTY
`type keyboard or a numeric keypad. Optionally, the key
`board may comprise special function keys. Thus, a user is
`able to orientate the display apparatus in whatever Suitable
`orientation they desire, yet Still have the user interface, in
`this case the keyboard or graphic Symbols oriented accord
`ingly.
`In particular, the graphic Symbol may be an asymmetric
`cursor Symbol.
`In a yet further embodiment in accordance with the
`invention, the orientation Sensitive interface mechanism
`includes first and Second microphones disposed to be opera
`tive for first and Second orientations respectively, the Selec
`tion means being operable to Select the first or Second
`microphone for Said first or Second mode, respectively.
`45
`In a further embodiment in accordance with this aspect of
`the invention, the first and Second microphones each com
`prise a Stereo microphone. Thus, each Stereo microphone
`may be positioned in the display apparatus Such that it is
`operable for respective first and Second orientations of the
`display apparatus. Optionally, the first and Second micro
`phones may each comprise a directional microphone.
`In a yet still further aspect of the invention, the orientation
`Sensitive interface mechanism includes a viewing angle for
`the display. The display apparatus also comprises viewing
`angle adaptation means which is operable in the first mode
`to adapt the viewing angle for the first orientation, and in the
`Second mode to adapt the viewing angle for the Second
`orientation. The viewing angle adaptation means is respon
`Sive to the Selection means to operate in the first or Second
`mode.
`Suitably, the viewing angle adaptation means comprises a
`further Sensor for Sensing the display apparatus disposed in
`a substantially flat orientation relative to the surface of the
`earth.
`In a still yet further embodiment according to the present
`invention, the orientation Sensitive interface mechanism
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`comprises a display driver responsive to the Selection means
`to operate in respective first and Second modes to display an
`image on the display in respective first and Second orienta
`tions.
`In a further embodiment of the invention, the display
`apparatus includes a digital camera and a display driver
`operable to display an image derived from the digital camera
`on the display.
`In a preferred embodiment, the loudspeakers for respec
`tive first and Second loudspeaker pairs are disposed relative
`to each other for providing a Substantially Stereophonic
`Sound image. Thus, Substantially Stereophonic Sound repro
`duction may be achieved for respective orientations of the
`display apparatus.
`A particularly advantageous embodiment of the present
`invention is in a portable electronic device, preferably
`comprising a transceiver and antenna for communicating
`with a wireleSS communications network. Such a portable
`electronic device would also comprise a keyboard or keypad
`for inputting data or control Signals thereto, and would
`provide a Suitable portable multimedia platform.
`In particular, the portable electronic device may be con
`figured as a personal digital assistant, or palm or hand held
`personal computing device and may be operable to commu
`nicate with the Internet.
`Yet more advantageously, the portable electronic device
`may further comprise a microphone Such that it may be
`operable as a wireleSS telephone. The microphone may be
`one of the aforesaid microphones referred to in accordance
`with a yet further embodiment of the invention. Suitably, the
`mobile electronic device will be operable with a wireless
`communication network Such as a cellular telephone net
`work. Further advantageously, the antenna may have a
`modifiable radiation pattern, preferably electronically
`Steerable, which operates in respective modes to rotate
`radiation patterns optimised for respective first and Second
`orientations. Suitably, the antenna is an electronically Steer
`able beam antenna. Thus, aspects of the present invention
`include interface mechanisms other than user interface
`mechanisms.
`An electronically Steerable beam is particularly
`advantageous, Since the antenna may be fixed, and have a
`fixed coupling to the tranceiver. Such fixed couplings are
`leSS lossy than movable or rotatable couplings.
`In accordance with a yet further aspect of the present
`invention, there is provided display apparatus comprising:
`a display;
`a first loudspeaker pair including a first and Second
`loudspeaker disposed along a first direction; and
`a third loudspeaker, Said Second and third loud Speakers
`forming a Second loudspeaker pair disposed along a Second
`direction transverse to Said first direction; and
`further comprising Selection means for Selecting opera
`tion of Said first loudspeaker pair or Said Second loudspeaker
`pair.
`In accordance with a Still yet further aspect of the
`invention, there is provided a method for providing a Ste
`reophonic image from a display apparatus including first and
`Second loudspeaker pairs disposed transverse to each other,
`the method comprising Selecting Said first or Second loud
`Speaker pair in accordance with an orientation of Said
`display apparatus.
`Each of the first, Second and third loudspeakerS may
`include more than one drive unit. For example, treble, mid
`and bass range drive units, and the term "speaker' should
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`Lenovo EX-1023, Page 017
`IPR2021-00786 (Lenovo Inc. v. LiTL LLC.)
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`not be interpreted to restrict the Scope of the appended
`claims to a Single speaker or drive unit.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`Preferred embodiments in accordance with the present
`invention will now be described, by way of example only,
`with reference to the drawings, of which
`FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a loudspeaker/listener
`configuration for Stereo reproduction;
`FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a first type of display
`apparatus in (a) landscape and (b) portrait orientations;
`FIG. 3 illustrates a further display apparatus in (a) land
`Scape and (b) portrait orientations;
`FIG. 4 illustrates a display apparatus in accordance with
`an embodiment of the invention in (a) landscape and (b)
`portrait orientation;
`FIG. 5 is a Schematic illustration of a circuit configuration
`for an embodiment of the invention;
`FIG. 6 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention in
`(a) landscape and (b) portrait orientation;
`FIG. 7 is a Schematic illustration of a circuit configuration
`for the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6;
`FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a virtual stereo base;
`FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic illustration of circuitry for
`forming a virtual Stereo base;
`FIG. 10 is a more detailed schematic illustration of the
`circuitry illustrated in FIG. 9;
`FIG. 11 illustrates a further embodiment of the invention
`in (a) landscape and (b) portrait orientation;
`FIG. 12(a) illustrates an MDA having two stereo micro
`phones,
`FIG. 12(b) schematically illustrates circuitry for control
`ling the stereo microphones illustrated in FIG. 12(a);
`FIG. 13(a) illustrates a cross-section of an MDA incor
`porating a touch Sensitive display;
`FIG. 13(b) illustrates a first mode of operation of a touch
`Sensitive display;
`FIG. 13(c) illustrates a second mode of operation of a
`touch Sensitive display;
`FIG. 14 illustrates an embodiment of the invention includ
`ing a camera, and
`FIGS. 15(a) and (b) illustrate different viewing angles for
`an MDA.
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED
`EMBODIMENTS
`Various embodiments in accordance with the present
`invention will now be described, wherein like parts will be
`referred to by like reference numerals. Embodiments includ
`ing various examples of display orientation Sensitive user
`interface mechanisms will be described, as will examples of
`other orientation Sensitive mechanisms.
`Referring now to FIG. 4, there is illustrated display
`apparatus 20 in accordance with a first embodiment of the
`present invention. The display apparatus 20 may be part of
`a television receiver for receiving television signals or may
`be a display monitor for a computer System, Such as a
`personal computer or a portable device. The display appa
`ratus 20 comprises a display 22 e.g. cathode ray tube, liquid
`crystal display or plasma display mounted in a housing 25
`which also Supports a plurality of loudspeakers 26 mounted
`in respective speaker regions. In this example, Speakers 26
`comprise a display orientation Sensitive user interface
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`mechanism. In a minimum System configuration, each
`Speaker region comprises one drive unit or Speaker 26.
`However, in embodiments where particularly faithful sound
`reproduction is necessary (high-fidelity), each speaker may
`comprise more than one drive unit, i.e. movable membrane
`and driving circuitry, respectively directed to reproducing
`Sounds in particular frequency ranges, for example treble,
`mid range and bass range. Speakers 26a, 26b and 26d are
`shown in Solid outline, whilst speaker 26c is shown in dotted
`outline. The reason for Such representation of the display
`apparatus will become evident from the following descrip
`tion.
`In accordance with the following described embodiment,
`the display apparatus comprises three Speaker regions cor
`responding to three Speakers, 26a, 26b and 26d. AS dis
`cussed above, each Speaker region may comprise more than
`one speaker 26. In the landscape orientation illustrated in
`FIG. 4a the left and right Speaker regions comprise Speakers
`26b and 26d respectively. These Speaker regions provide the
`stereo base (B1) 28 for the landscape orientation. In this
`configuration, the stereo base 28 lies to the bottom of display
`region 22 as Seen by a viewer. When operating in the
`landscape orientation of FIG. 4a, the display apparatus is
`configured Such that Speakers 26b and 26d respectively
`output left and right channels for Stereo reproduction of
`Sound. Speaker 26a is inactive.
`The display apparatus 20 may also be configured in a
`portrait orientation as illustrated in FIG. 4b. In this
`configuration, the display apparatus utilises Speakers 26a
`and 26b to provide the stereo base (Bp)30 which receive the
`left and right channels respectively. Speaker 26d is inactive
`in the portrait orientation. In the configurations illustrated in
`Solid outline in FIG. 4, the stereo base 28 and 30 is to the
`bottom of the display 22 for both the landscape and portrait
`orientations, respectively.
`Although speakers 26a and 26b have been described as
`inac