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` SlGNATURE
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`Date June 26. 2999
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`TYPE!) or PRINTED NAME Thomas Bethea, Jr.
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`Provisional Patent Application
`P29465-US1
`
`METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT IN A TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention relates to a method and arrangement in a telecommunication
`
`system. in particular to methods and arrangements for carrier aggregation in LTE.
`
`BACKGROUND
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`The long—term evolution of the UTRAN. E-UTRAN. also denoted LTE has recently
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`been standardized in Release 8 of the 3GPP specifications. This release supports
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`bandwidths up to 20 MHz; however. in order to meet the upcoming IMT-Advanced
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`requirements, 3GPP has initiated continued work on LTE. whereby one aspect
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`concerns supporting bandwidths larger than 20 MHz. One important requirement on
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`these future releases is to assure backward compatibility with LTE Rel-8. This
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`includes inter alia spectrum compatibility which implies that an LTE-Advanced carrier
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`wider than 20 MHz appears as a number of LTE carriers to an LTE Rel-8 tenninal.
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`Each such carrier can be referred to as a component carrier. In particular for early
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`deployments of future LTE-releases it can be expected that there will be a smaller
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`number of advanced terminals compared to many LTE legacy terminals. Therefore it
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`is necessary to assure an efficient use of a wide carrier also for legacy terminals, i.e.
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`it shall be possible to implement carriers where legacy terminals can be scheduled in
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`all parts of the wideband LTE.-Advanced carrier. The straightfonivard way to obtain
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`this would be by means of carrier aggregation. Carrier aggregation implies that an
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`LTE-Advanced terminal can receive multiple component carriers, where the
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`component carriers have, or at least the possibility to have, the same structure as a
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`Rel-8 carrier. Carrier aggregation is illustrated in figure 1.
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`Provisional Patent Application
`P29465-US1
`
`The number of aggregated component carriers as well as the bandwidth of the
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`individual component wrrier may be different for Uplink (UL) and Downlink (DL). A
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`symmetric configuration refers to the case where the number of component carriers in
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`DL and UL is the same whereas an asymmetric configuration refers to the case that
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`the number of component carriers is different. It is important to note that the number
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`of component carriers configured in a cell may be different from the number of
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`component cam'ers seen by a terminal: A terminal may for example support more DL
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`component carriers than UL component carriers, even though the cell is configured
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`with the same number of UL and DL component carriers.
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`LTE applies DFI’S-OFDM for modulation in the UL. DFl'S-OFDM is a special kind of
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`Frequency Division Multiplex (FDM) where different users are assigned different
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`portions of the spectrum. Orthogonality among different users relies on the time-
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`aligned arrival of the UL signals of the various users. In LTE a cyclic prefix is used
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`which relaxes the requirement on timing alignment slightly; it is sufficient if the signals
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`are aligned within a fraction of the cyclic prefix. The normal cyclic prefix in LTE is
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`around 5 us; signals from different users should then be aligned within a us or so.
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`Terminals synchronize their DL timings to BL signals transmitted from an eNodeB.
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`Signals used for this purpose are - but not limited to — synchronization signals and
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`reference signals. After established downlink synchronization a terminal can start to
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`transt signals in the UL from the terminal to the eNodeB at a well defined offset
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`relative to the DL timing. However. due to varying tenninaI-eNodeB distances among
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`terminals the synchronization signals arrive at different time instances at the terminals
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`creating terminal specific DL timings at each terminal. This results in different
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`transmission instances among the terminals. Terminals close to the eNodeB receive
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`the synchronization signal early and thus also start to transmit early; their respective
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`UL signals require furthermore only a short propagation time to arrive at the eNodeB.
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`Terminals far away from an eNodeB on the other side start to transmit later and their
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`UL signals require also more time to traverse the distance to the eNodeB resulting in
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`sus/eerzos-mae
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`Provisional Patent Application
`P29465-US1
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`later signal arrival times at the eNodeB. The time difference between arriving signals
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`from two terminals is the difference in round trip time between these two terminals.
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`Round trip time is defined as the time duration that is needed for a signal to traverse
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`the distance eNodeB-tenninal and back (assuming zero processing delay at the
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`terminal) and is calculated as twice the distance eNodeB-terminal divided by the
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`speed of light.
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`In order to align the arrival times of UL signals from different terminals the eNodeB
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`measures the arrival times of the different signals relative to a desired arrival time
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`reference and informs the terminals by how much they have to advance/delay their
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`UL transmission timings (relative to their UE specific DL timings). This process is
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`called timing alignment procedure and the command used to notify the terminal about
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`the required correction is called timing advance command.
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`In case of a terminal with completely unsynchronized UL timing the terminal does not
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`transmit a regular UL signal but a random access signal. This signal is specifically
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`designed for UL timing unsynchronized terminals. After the eNodeB has determined
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`the required correction of UL transmit timing it transmits a corresponding timing
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`advance command to the terminal which corrects its UL timing accordingly. After that
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`the terminal can now start to transmit regular UL signals which assume aligned arrival
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`timings. The eNodeB continuously monitors UL signal arrival timings and sends
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`timing advance commands to maintain a valid UL timing. If a terminal is not active in
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`the UL for a long time or looses UL synchronization for another reason a new random
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`access needs to be performed to establish a valid UL timing again.
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`In case of UL carrier aggregation all UL signals within a component carrier and
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`possibly across contiguous component carriers need to be timing aligned to maintain
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`orthogonality. Inter-band UL carrier aggregation does not require alignment across
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`bands, at least not from an orthogonality point of view.
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`Provisional Patent Application
`P29465-US1
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`A straight fonNard extension to the case of carrier aggregation with multiple UL
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`carriers would be to use either a common timing advance for all UL component
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`carriers or an UL component carrier specific timing advance.
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`SUMMARY
`
`it has been observed to be a problem that none of the extensions described above
`
`provides sufficient
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`flexibility to efficiently cover all conceivable scenarios.
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`In
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`particular in case of carrier aggregation and TDD with different ULJDL allocations
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`among the aggregated bands. a common UL timing advance cannot be used since
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`the different DUUL allocations require different'UL timings.
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`It is thus an object of embodiments of the present invention to achieve an improved
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`time alignment for carrier aggregation with multiple UL carriers.
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`The present invention relates to a method where UL component carriers, which
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`originate from one terminal and which should have a common UL receive timing and
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`share the same reference timing for their transmission. use a common timing
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`advance command. The present invention also relates to means for implementing
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`said method.
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`Embodiments of the present invention thus enable the usage of a single UL timing
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`advance command when possible and only needs to revert back to multiple UL timing
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`advance commands for certain required cases. This implies the advantage to reduce
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`overhead while at the same time simplifying terminal processing if a common UL
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`timing advance can be used.
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`Other objects. advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent
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`from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in
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`conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
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`Provisional Patent Application
`P29465-US1
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`Figure 1 illustrates an example of carrier aggregation.
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`Figure 2 illustrates a terminal receiving two DL component carriers and transmitting
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`on two UL component carriers.
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`Figure 3 illustrates a terminal
`
`receiving three DL component carriers and
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`transmitting on two UL component carriers.
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTlON
`
`The arrival
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`time of two or more UL component carriers is influenced by the
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`transmission timing of each respective UL carrier as well as the propagation delay
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`experienced by each UL signal.
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`In case of contiguous component carriers all component carriers will experience the
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`same propagation environment and thus also equal propagation delays.
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`In case of
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`inter-band carrier aggregation different carriers can theoretically experience different
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`propagation environments; for example objects may be transparent at one frequency
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`layer but not at another and therefore influence the propagation time. However, such
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`effects are rather theoretically and are not considered further here.
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`The remaining factor is then the transmission timing of the UL component carriers. In
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`case they share a common DL timing reference - and thus have a common UL
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`transmit timing — and UL component carriers should have the same UL receive timing
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`one timing advance command is sufficient. The same also applies if they use different
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`— but well defined with respect to each other - DL timing references. The UL transmit
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`timings and thus also the UL receive timings will have the same relationship to each
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`other as the DL transmit timings of the timing references. A common DL timing
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`reference could be for example the synchronization signal of one DL component
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`carrier. Another example of a common DL timing reference could be synchronization
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`signals on different component carriers if they are synchronized. DL timing references
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`that are not the same but anyway share a well defined relation with each other could
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`Provisional Patent Application
`P29465-US1
`
`be synchronization signals on DL component carriers where the transmit timings are
`
`not the same but have a clearly defined offset relative to each other.
`
`Figure 2 illustrates a terminal receiving two DL component carriers and transmitting
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`on two UL component carriers. Both UL component carriers derive their transmission
`
`timings from DL component carrier 1 and share the same UL timing advance
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`command.
`
`Figure 3 illustrates a terminal receiving three DL component carriers and transmitting
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`on two UL component carriers. UL component carrier 1 derives its transmission timing
`
`from DL component carrier 1. UL component carrier 2 derives its transmission timing
`
`from DL component carrier 3. The transmission timings of DL component carriers 1
`
`and 3 are not related to each other. in order to guarantee clearly defined UL receive
`
`timings for both UL component carriers individual UL timing advance commands are
`
`required.
`
`An example where a common UL timing advance does not work is aggregation of
`
`multiple TDD carriers with different DUUL allocations across them. Since TDD DL
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`transmitters are typically timing aligned with neighboring TDD DL transmitters to
`
`mitigate interference it is necessary that each of the TDD component carriers can set
`
`their DL timings individually. Due to possible different DUUL allocations individual UL
`
`receive timings are required making individual UL timing advance commands
`
`necessary. More generally one can say that all UL component carriers which UL
`
`receive timings should have the same relation as their respective DL timing
`
`references can share the same UL timing advance command. The validity whether a
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`timing advance command is just valid for a single UL component carrier or multiple
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`UL component carriers can either be indicated directly in the timing advance
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`command or can be configured via higher layer signaling, e.g. RRC signaling.
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`| 20MHz 20MHz 20MHz 20MHz 20MHz
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`Aggregated bandwidth of 100 MHz
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` Common UL timing advance
`ICC1
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`Common DL timing reference
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`Fig. 1
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`Fig. 2
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`UL timing
`advance 1
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`UL timing
`advance 2
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`DL timing
`reference 1
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`DL timing
`reference 2
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