(19)
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`(12)
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`*EP003407340B1*
`EP 3 407 340 B1
`
`(11)
`
`EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION
`
`(45) Date of publication and mention
`of the grant of the patent:
`13.11.2019 Bulletin 2019/46
`
`(21) Application number: 18182680.1
`
`(22) Date of filing: 06.09.2002
`
`(51) Int Cl.:
`G09G 3/20 (2006.01)
`G09G 3/36 (2006.01)
`
`G09G 3/30 (2006.01)
`
`(54) EL DISPLAY PANEL, METHOD OF DRIVING THE SAME, AND EL DISPLAY DEVICE
`EL-ANZEIGETAFEL, VERFAHREN ZUR ANSTEUERUNG DAVON UND
`EL-ANZEIGEVORRICHTUNG
`PANNEAU D’AFFICHAGE ÉLECTROLUMINESCENT, SON PROCÉDÉ DE COMMANDE ET
`DISPOSITIF D’AFFICHAGE ÉLECTROLUMINESCENT
`
`(84) Designated Contracting States:
`DE FR GB
`
`(73) Proprietor: JOLED INC.
`Tokyo 101-0054 (JP)
`
`(30) Priority: 07.09.2001 JP 2001271311
`25.09.2001 JP 2001291598
`13.11.2001 JP 2001347014
`10.05.2002 JP 2002136117
`
`(43) Date of publication of application:
`28.11.2018 Bulletin 2018/48
`
`(60) Divisional application:
`19200688.0
`
`(62) Document number(s) of the earlier application(s) in
`accordance with Art. 76 EPC:
`17172364.6 / 3 232 429
`02798040.8 / 1 424 674
`
`(72) Inventors:
`• TAKAHARA, Hiroshi
`Osaka-shi, Osaka 540-6207 (JP)
`• TSUGE, Hitoshi
`Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0054 (JP)
`
`(74) Representative: Grünecker Patent- und
`Rechtsanwälte
`PartG mbB
`Leopoldstraße 4
`80802 München (DE)
`
`(56) References cited:
`EP-A- 1 061 497
`WO-A1-99/38148
`US-A- 5 903 234
`
`EP-A- 1 061 499
`JP-A- 2001 109 432
`US-B1- 6 236 394
`
`Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European Patent
`Bulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in accordance with the
`Implementing Regulations. Notice of opposition shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been
`paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention).
`
`Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR)
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`EP 3 407 340 B1
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`Description
`
`Technical Field
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`[0001] The present invention relates to an EL display apparatus employing an organic or inorganic electroluminescence
`(EL) device and, more particularly, to an EL display apparatus capable of feeding an EL device with a desired current,
`a method of driving the same, and an electronic apparatus provided with such an EL display apparatus.
`
`Background Art
`
`[0002]
`In general, an active-matrix display apparatus has a multiplicity of pixels arranged in matrix and displays an
`image by controlling the intensity of light pixel by pixel in accordance with image signals given. When, for example, liquid
`crystal is used as an electro-optic substance, the transmittance of each pixel varies in accordance with the voltage
`applied to the pixel. The basic operation of an active-matrix image display apparatus employing an organic electrolumi-
`nescence (EL) material as an electro-optic converting substance is the same as in the case where liquid crystal is used.
`[0003] A liquid crystal display panel has pixels each functioning as a shutter and displays an image by turning on/off
`light from a back light with such a shutter, or a pixel. An organic EL display panel is a display panel of the self-luminescence
`type having a light-emitting device in each pixel. Such a self-luminescence type display panel has advantages over liquid
`crystal display panels, including higher image visibility, no need for a back light, and higher response speed.
`[0004] The organic EL display panel controls the luminance of each light-emitting device (pixel) based on the amount
`of current. Thus, the organic EL display panel is largely different from the liquid crystal display panel in that its luminescent
`devices are of the current-driven type or the current-controlled type.
`[0005]
`Like the liquid crystal display panel, the organic EL display panel can have any one of a simple-matrix config-
`uration and an active-matrix configuration. Though the former configuration is simple in structure, it has a difficulty in
`realizing a large-scale and high-definition display panel. However, it is inexpensive. The latter configuration can realize
`a large-scale and high-definition display panel. However, it has problems of a technical difficulty in control and of a
`relatively high price. Presently, organic EL display panels of the active-matrix configuration are being developed inten-
`sively. Such an active-matrix EL panel controls electric current passing through the light-emitting device provided in
`each pixel by means of a thin film transistor (TFT) located inside the pixel.
`[0006] An organic EL display panel of such an active-matrix configuration is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open
`Publication No. HEI 8-234683 for example. Fig. 62 shows an equivalent circuit of one pixel portion of this display panel.
`Pixel 216 comprises an EL device 215 as a light-emitting device, a first transistor 211a, a second transistor 211b, and
`a storage capacitor 219. Here, the EL device 215 is an organic electroluminescence (EL) device.
`[0007]
`In the present description, a transistor for feeding (controlling) current to an EL device is referred to as a driving
`transistor, while a transistor operating as a switch like the transistor 211b in Fig. 62 referred to as a switching transistor.
`[0008] EL device 215 has a rectification property in many cases and hence is called OLED (Organic Light-Emitting
`Diode) as the case may be. For this reason, the EL device 215 in Fig. 62 is regarded as an OLED and represented by
`the symbol of a diode.
`[0009]
`In the example shown in Fig. 62, the source terminal (S) of p-channel transistor 211a is connected to Vdd
`(power source potential), while the cathode (negative electrode) of the EL device 215 connected to ground potential
`(Vk). On the other hand, the anode (positive electrode) is connected to the drain terminal (D) of the transistor 211b. The
`gate terminal of the p-channel transistor 211b is connected to a gate signal line 217a, the source terminal connected to
`a source signal line 218, and the drain terminal connected to the storage capacitor 219 and the gate terminal (G) of the
`transistor 211a.
`[0010]
`In order to operate the pixel 216, first, the source signal line 218 is applied with an image signal indicative of
`luminance information with the gate signal line 217a turned into a selected state. Then, the transistor 211b becomes
`conducting and the storage capacitor 219 is charged or discharged, so that the gate potential of the transistor 211a
`becomes equal to the potential of the image signal. When the gate signal line 217a is turned into an unselected state,
`the transistor 211a is turned off, so that the transistor 211a is electrically disconnected from the source signal line 218.
`However, the gate potential of the transistor 211a is stably maintained by means of the storage capacitor 219. The
`current passing through the EL device 215 via the transistor 211a comes to assume a value corresponding to voltage
`Vgs across the gate and the source terminals of the transistor 11a, with the result that the EL device 215 keeps on
`emitting light at a luminance corresponding to the amount of current fed thereto through the transistor 211a.
`[0011] As described above, according to the prior art configuration shown in Fig. 62, one pixel comprises one selecting
`transistor (switching device) and one driving transistor. Another prior art configuration is disclosed in Japanese Patent
`Laid-Open Publication No. HEI 11-327637 for example. This publication describes an embodiment in which a pixel
`comprises a current mirror circuit.
`[0012] Meanwhile, the organic EL display panel is usually manufactured using a low temperature polysilicon transistor
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`array. Since organic EL devices emit light based on current, the organic EL display panel involves a problem that display
`irregularities occur if there are variations in transistor characteristics.
`[0013] Further, a conventional EL display panel cannot sufficiently charge/discharge the parasitic capacitance which
`is present in the source signal line 18. For this reason there arises a problem that in some cases a desired current cannot
`be fed to pixel 16.
`[0014] European patent application EP 1061 497 A1 describes an image display apparatus including current controlled
`light emitting elements and driving method therefor. Each pixel includes a light emitting element with a brightness value
`which varies depending upon an amount of current supplied thereto, a first TFT controlled by a scanning line for writing
`brightness information given thereto from a data line into the pixel, and second TFT for controlling the amount of current
`to be supplied to the OLED corresponding to the brightness information written. Writing of the brightness information
`into each pixel is performed by applying an electric signal corresponding to the brightness information to the data line
`while the scanning line is selected. The brightness information written in each pixel is held by the pixel also after the
`scanning line is placed into a non-selected state so that the OLED can continue lighting with a brightness value corre-
`sponding to the brightness information held by the pixel. A stopping control line compulsorily extinguishes the OLEDs
`of the pixels connected to the same scanning line at least in a unit of a scanning line so that the OLEDs are placed into
`an extinguished state from a lit state within a period of one scanning cycle after the brightness information is written into
`the pixels until new brightness information is written into the pixels subsequently.
`[0015]
`JP 2001 109432 A relates to a driving device for an active matrix type tight emitting panel, capable of effectively
`applying a reverse bias voltage to each EL element of a light emitting panel. Accordingly, an address period and a light
`emitting period to each of plural capacitive light emitting elements are set repeatedly according to a synchronous timing
`of an input video data. A drive element corresponding to a light emitting element to be made to emit among the plural
`capacitive light emitting elements is specified based on the input video data in the address period, then the specified
`drive element is turned on in the light emitting period following the address period, a light emitting voltage polarized in
`the forward direction is applied to the light emitting element to be made to emit via the drive element corresponding to
`the light emitting period, and a bias voltage polarized opposite to the forward direction is applied to at least the light
`emitting element to be made to emit among the plural capacitive light emitting elements during the address period.
`[0016]
`International application publication WO 99/38148 relates to a high resolution active matrix display system on
`a chip with high duty cycle for full brightness. The display includes individual driver circuits for each pixel to provide
`accurate, high resolution gray scale rendering and an almost 100% duty cycle. The pixel circuit drivers (Figures 6(60)
`and 7(70)) minimize factors known to limit gray scale resolution, such as variations in threshold voltage, voltage drops
`in connecting lines and from leakage currents, and large peak currents. A line driver functioning initially as a low impedance
`voltage driver (Figure 6(60)), then converting to a high impedance current driver (Figure 7(70)) is included.
`
`Disclosure of Invention
`
`[0017] The present invention has been made in view of the foregoing circumstances. It is an object of the present
`invention to provide an EL display apparatus which is capable of realizing satisfactory image display by sufficiently
`charging/discharging the parasitic capacitance present in the source signal line.
`[0018] This object is solved by the present invention as defined in the appended independent claims. Embodiments
`of the present invention are defined by the appended dependent claims.
`[0019] According to comparative example useful for understanding the present invention, an EL display apparatus
`comprises: a plurality of gate signal lines and a plurality of source signal lines, which are arranged to intersect each
`other; EL devices arranged in a matrix pattern, each of the EL devices being operative to emit light at a luminance
`corresponding to a current fed thereto; a gate driver operative to output a gate signal to each of the gate signal lines; a
`source driver configured to output to each of the source signal lines a current which is higher than a current corresponding
`to an image signal inputted from outside; a transistor, provided for each of the EL devices, for outputting the current
`outputted from the source driver to the EL device; and a first switching device capable of feeding the current outputted
`from the source driver to the EL device by switching to bring the EL device and the transistor into and out of conduction
`thereacross in accordance with the gate signal fed thereto through the gate signal line, wherein the gate driver is
`configured to output the gate signal to the gate signal line in a manner to bring the EL device and the transistor into and
`out of conduction thereacross at least once in a one-frame period.
`[0020] With this construction, the source driver outputs a higher current than the current corresponding to the image
`signal to the source signal line and, hence, even if a parasitic capacitance is present in the source signal line, the parasitic
`capacitance can be charged/discharged. When such a high current is fed to the EL device, the EL device emits light at
`a higher luminance than a luminance corresponding to the image signal. By making the duration of current feed to the
`EL device shorter than the one-frame period, the time period for which the EL device emits light can be shortened, with
`the result that image display at a luminance equivalent to the luminance corresponding to the image signal is realized.
`[0021]
`In the EL display apparatus according to the above-described comparative example, the gate driver may be
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`configured to output the gate signal to the gate signal line in a manner to bring the EL device and the transistor into and
`out of conduction thereacross plural times periodically in the one-frame period.
`[0022] With this feature, the so-called interlaced driving can be realized, which can provide for more satisfactory image
`display.
`[0023] The EL display apparatus according to the above-described comparative example may further comprise a
`second switching device capable of feeding the current outputted from the source driver to the transistor by switching
`to bring the source driver and the transistor into and out of conduction thereacross in accordance with the gate signal
`fed thereto through the gate signal line, wherein the gate driver is configured to bring the source driver and the transistor
`into conduction thereacross to program the transistor with the current outputted from the source driver while the EL
`device and the transistor are out of conduction thereacross and then output the gate signal to the gate signal line in a
`manner to bring the EL device and the transistor into and out of conduction thereacross at least once in the one-frame
`period.
`[0024] With this feature, display irregularities due to variations in transistor characteristics can be prevented, whereby
`satisfactory image display can be realized.
`[0025]
`In the EL display apparatus according to the above-described comparative example, the gate driver and the
`transistor may be formed in a same process. Specifically, the gate driver and the driver [sic] may be formed using the
`low temperature polysilicon technology for example. The formation of these components in this manner makes it possible
`to narrow the frame.
`[0026]
`In the EL display apparatus according to the above-described comparative example, the source driver may
`comprise a semiconductor chip.
`[0027] According to a further comparative example, there is also provided an EL display apparatus comprising: a
`plurality of gate signal lines and a plurality of source signal lines, which are arranged to intersect each other; EL devices
`arranged in a matrix pattern, each of the EL devices being operative to emit light at a luminance corresponding to a
`current fed thereto; a gate driver operative to output a gate signal to each of the gate signal lines; a source driver operative
`to output to each of the source signal lines a current which is higher than a current corresponding to an image signal
`inputted from outside; a switching device provided for each of the EL devices and capable of feeding the EL device with
`a current fed through the source signal line by switching to bring the EL device and the source signal line into and out
`of conduction thereacross in accordance with the gate signal fed thereto through the gate signal line; a plurality of dummy
`devices located in a region different from a region where the EL devices are formed, the dummy devices being of
`substantially no use in image display; and a second switching device provided for each of the dummy devices and
`capable of feeding the dummy device with the current fed through the source signal line by switching to bring the dummy
`device and the source signal line into and out of conduction thereacross in accordance with the gate signal supplied
`thereto through the gate signal line, wherein the gate driver is configured to output gate signals to the gate signal line
`associated with the EL device and the gate signal line associated with the dummy device at substantially the same
`timing, whereby the EL device and the dummy device are fed with the current fed through the source signal line dividedly
`therebetween.
`[0028] With this construction, the source driver outputs a higher current than the current corresponding to the image
`signal to the source signal line and, hence, even if a parasitic capacitance is present in the source signal line, the parasitic
`capacitance can be charged/discharged. Even when the source driver outputs the higher current than the current cor-
`responding to the image signal to the source signal line, the EL device can be prevented from emitting light at a higher
`luminance than necessary because the current outputted from the source driver is divided into shares which are fed to
`the EL device and the dummy device, respectively.
`[0029] The EL display apparatus according to the above-described comparative example may have an arrangement
`wherein: the gate signal line associated with the dummy device is formed to extend adjacent the gate signal line associated
`with EL devices in a first or final row; and the gate driver is configured to output gate signals to gate signal lines associated
`with a series of adjacent rows at substantially the same timing series by series sequentially, whereby plural EL devices
`or the pair of the EL device and the dummy device are fed with the current fed through the source signal line dividedly
`therebetween.
`[0030] According to a further comparative example, there is also provided a method of driving an EL display apparatus
`having an EL device which is operative to emit light at a luminance corresponding to a current fed thereto, and a source
`driver operative to output a current to the EL device through a source signal line, the method comprising the steps of
`causing the source driver to output to the source signal line a current higher than a current corresponding to an image
`signal inputted from outside; and feeding the EL device with the current outputted to the source signal line for a part of
`a one-frame period to cause the EL device to emit light at a luminance corresponding to the current outputted to the
`source signal line for the part of the one-frame period.
`[0031]
`In the method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the above-described comparative example, the
`part of the one-frame period may be divided into plural periods.
`[0032] According to a further comparative example, there is also provided an EL display apparatus comprising: EL
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`devices arranged in a matrix pattern; a driving transistor operative to feed a current to each of the EL devices; a first
`switching device disposed between the EL device and the driving transistor; and a gate driver operative to on-off control
`the first switching device, wherein the gate driver is configured to control the first switching device in a manner to turn
`the first switching device off at least once within a one-frame period.
`[0033]
`In the EL display apparatus according to the above-described comparative example, the first switching device
`may be controlled in a manner to turn off plural times periodically within the one-frame period.
`[0034] According to a further comparative example, there is also provided an EL display apparatus comprising: a
`source driver circuit operative to output a programming current; EL devices arranged in a matrix pattern; a driving
`transistor operative to feed a current to each of the EL devices; a first switching device disposed between the EL device
`and the driving transistor; a second switching device forming a path for transmitting the programming current to the
`driving transistor; and a gate driver circuit operative to on-off control the first and second switching devices, wherein the
`gate driver is configured to control the first switching device in a manner to turn the first switching device on at least
`once and off at least once within a one-frame period.
`[0035]
`In the EL display apparatus according to the above-described comparative example, it is possible that the gate
`driver and the driving transistors are formed in a same process, while the source driver comprises a semiconductor chip.
`[0036] According to a further comparative example, there is also provided an EL display apparatus comprising: gate
`signal lines; source signal lines; a source driver operative to output a programming current; a gate driver; EL devices
`arranged in a matrix pattern; a driving transistor operative to feed a current to each of the EL devices; a first transistor
`disposed between the EL device and the driving transistor; and a second transistor forming a path for transmitting the
`programming current to the driving transistor, wherein: the source driver is operative to output the programming current
`to each of the source signal lines; the gate driver is connected to each of the gate signal lines; the second transistor has
`a gate terminal connected to the gate signal line, a source terminal connected to the source signal line, and a drain
`terminal connected to the drain terminal of the driving transistor; and the gate driver is configured to select plural ones
`of the gate signal lines to feed the programming current to the driving transistor of each of plural pixels and control the
`first transistor in a manner to turn the first transistor on at least once and off at least once within a one-frame period.
`[0037]
`In the EL display apparatus according to the above-described comparative example, it is possible that the gate
`driver and the driving transistors are formed in a same process, while the source driver comprises a semiconductor chip.
`[0038] According to comparative example, there is also provided an EL display apparatus comprising: a display region
`including I pixel rows (I is an integer not less than 2) and J pixel columns (J is an integer not less than 2); a source driver
`operative to apply video signals to source signal lines in the display region; a gate driver operative to apply on-voltage
`or off-voltage to gate signal lines in the display region; and a dummy pixel row formed in a region other than the display
`region, wherein the display region is formed with EL devices arranged in a matrix pattern, each of which is operative to
`emit light in accordance with the video signals from the source driver, while the dummy pixel row is configured such that
`the dummy pixel row fails to emit light or its light-emitting state is not recognized visually.
`[0039]
`In the EL display apparatus according to the above-described comparative example, the gate driver may be
`configured to select plural pixel rows at a time for the pixel rows selected to be applied with the video signals from the
`source driver in a manner that the dummy pixel row is selected when the first pixel row or the Ith pixel row is selected.
`[0040] According to a further comparative example, there is also provided a method of driving an EL display apparatus
`characterized by: feeding the EL device with a current that causes the EL device to emit light at a luminance higher than
`a predetermined luminance; and causing the EL device to emit light for a I/N part of a one-frame period (N is less than 1).
`[0041]
`In the method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the above-described exemple, the 1/N part of
`the one-frame period may be divided into plural periods.
`[0042] According to a further comparative example, there is also provided a method of driving an EL display apparatus
`adapted for programming of a current to pass through an EL device based on a current, characterized by: causing the
`EL device to emit light at a luminance higher than a predetermined luminance to provide a display in a 1/N (N>1) portion
`of a display region; and sequentially shifting the 1/N portion of the display region to another thereby causing the whole
`display region to display.
`[0043] The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from
`the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
`
`Brief Description of Drawings
`
`[0044]
`
`Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating a pixel configuration of an EL display panel according to the present invention.
`Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a pixel configuration of an EL display panel according to the present invention.
`Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an operation of an EL display panel according to the present invention.
`Fig. 4 is an explanatory chart illustrating an operation of an EL display panel according to the present invention.
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`Fig. 5 is an explanatory view illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present invention.
`Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an EL display apparatus according to the present invention.
`Fig. 7 is an explanatory view illustrating a method of manufacturing an EL display panel according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an EL display apparatus according to the present invention.
`Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an EL display apparatus according to the present invention.
`Fig. 10 is a sectional view of an EL display panel according to the present invention.
`Fig. 11 is a sectional view of an EL display panel according to the present invention.
`Fig. 12 is an explanatory chart illustrating an EL display panel according to the present invention.
`Fig. 13 is an explanatory view illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 14 is an explanatory chart illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 15 is an explanatory chart illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 16 is an explanatory view illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 17 is an explanatory chart illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 18 is an explanatory chart illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 19 is an explanatory view illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 20 is an explanatory view illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 21 is an explanatory chart illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 22 is an explanatory view illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 23 is an explanatory chart illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 24 is an explanatory view illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 25 is an explanatory chart illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 26 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 27 is an explanatory view illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 28 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 29 is an explanatory view illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 30 is an explanatory view illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 31 is an explanatory chart illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 32 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 33 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 34 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an EL display apparatus according to the present invention.
`Fig. 35 is an explanatory chart illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 36 is an explanatory chart illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 37 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an EL display apparatus according to the present invention.
`Fig. 38 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an EL display apparatus according to the present invention.
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`Fig. 39 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 40 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an EL display apparatus according to the present invention.
`Fig. 41 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an EL display apparatus according to the present invention.
`Fig. 42 is a diagram illustrating a pixel configuration of an EL display panel according to the present invention.
`Fig. 43 is a diagram illustrating a pixel configuration of an EL display panel according to the present invention.
`Fig. 44 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 45 is an explanatory chart illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 46 is an explanatory chart illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 47 is a diagram illustrating a pixel configuration of an EL display panel according to the present invention.
`Fig. 48 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an EL display apparatus according to the present invention.
`Fig. 49 is an explanatory chart illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 50 is a diagram illustrating a pixel configuration of an EL display panel according to the present invention.
`Fig. 51 is a diagram illustrating a pixel of an EL display panel according to the present invention.
`Fig. 52 is an explanatory chart illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 53 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 54 is a diagram illustrating a pixel configuration of an EL display panel according to the present invention.
`Fig. 55 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 56 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a method of driving an EL display apparatus according to the present
`invention.
`Fig. 57 is an explanatory view illustrating a mobile phone according to the present invention.
`Fig. 58