British Journal of Mathematics & Computer Science
`15(5): 1-12, 2016, Article no.BJMCS.24854
`ISSN: 2231-0851
`SCIENCEDOMAIN international
`www.sciencedomain.org
`
`Data Glove: Internet of Things (IoT) Based Smart Wearable
`Gadget
`
`Anand Nayyar1 and Vikram Puri2*
`
`1Department of Computer Applications and IT, KCL Institute of Management and Technology,
`Jalandhar, India.
`2Member-ACM, The IRED, IAENG, CSI, India.
`
`Authors’ contributions
`
`The work is being carried out in collaboration between the authors AN and VP. Author AN has done
`detailed and depth survey is being done on Internet of Things (IoT)- history, overview of technology, recent
`developments and challenges cum issues surrounded in IoT. Author AN surveyed regarding various products
`and sensors which are available till date in the market and proposed a novel idea of Data Glove. Author VP
`surveyed an in-depth brain storming of construction and development of Data Glove- overall product
`design, sensors integration, circuit design and overall code and testing is done by both authors. The testing
`of the final product in the real world is being done by authors AN and VP. Overall writing of the paper is
`being done by both authors.
`
`Article Information
`
`DOI: 10.9734/BJMCS/2016/24854
`Editor(s):
`(1) Victor Carvalho, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Portuguese Catholic University and Lusiada University,
`Portugal.
`Reviewers:
`(1) Anonymous, National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE), Mumbai, India.
`(2) M. Bhanu Sridhar, GVP College of Engg. For Women, Vizag, India.
`(3) Kexin Zhao, University of Florida, USA.
`(4) Yueran Gao, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, USA.
`Complete Peer review History: http://sciencedomain.org/review-history/14031
`
`Received: 4th February 2016
`Accepted: 15th March 2016
`Original Research Article
`Published: 5th April 2016
`_______________________________________________________________________________
`Abstract
`
`The dawn of Internet of Things (IoT) has started its journey for new era of smart and portable devices.
`IoT is regarded as hard-core for integrating various sensors, microcontrollers and all sorts of
`communication protocols and lays the foundation for futuristic communication standard i.e. Human-
`Things Interaction. The aim of this research paper is to highlight the concept of Internet of Things (IoT)
`and in addition to this, a Data Glove- An IoT based smart wearable gadget capable to perform various
`tasks like temperature monitoring, ambient light detection and gesture control has been proposed. Data
`Glove is equipped with various sensors like LM35, Ambient, 3-Axis Accelerometer and Arduino IDE
`Serial Monitor for capturing the sensor data. Data Glove is highly energy efficient and can be operated by
`
`_____________________________________
`*Corresponding author: E-mail: vikrampuri@acm.org;
`
`DES Ex. 2006 p. 1
`Falkbuilt, Ltd. v. DES, Ltd., IPR2021-00654
`
`

`

`
`
`
`Nayyar and Puri; BJMCS, 15(5): 1-12, 2016; Article no.BJMCS.24854
`
`
`
`
`9V battery and has huge potential for live implementations in varied areas like Robotics cum Artificial
`Intelligence, Corporate Houses for Sensor data measurement, R&D Institutes and even can be deployed in
`various day to day activities.
`
`
` 1
`
`
`Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT); Data Glove; wearable technology; sensors; LM35; 3-AXIS
`accelerometer; LDR; nRF24L01; Arduino.
` Introduction
`
`
`The term “IoT- Internet of Things” [1] is regarded as next generation computing of Internet Connected
`Devices and is now evolving towards “Internet of Everything”. IoT is playing a crucial role in
`transformation of “Traditional Desktop Computing” to “Next Generation Everywhere Computing”.
`Nowadays, the trend is shifting towards Next Generation High Speed, QoS Wireless Communication
`Standards and High Speed Mobile Broadband Networks like 4G, LTE and even 5G. With IoT, various
`gadgets like RFID devices, Sensors, Mobile Phones, Tablets, Wearable Gadgets etc. can be connected to
`Internet and facilitates wider connectivity. Internet of Things (IoT) [2] lays strong foundation for connecting
`“Things” over Internet so that “Things” can be operated anywhere and everywhere and by anyone and
`everyone. In IoT environment, sensors and RFID technology provides basis to connect the things and
`enabling things to share information so that data can be stored, processed and presented in easy
`understandable form.
`
`IoT facilitates smart connectivity and context-aware computing via network resources. To make Today’s
`World IoT Compliant, huge transformation is required in present computing system in terms of new smart
`devices, new communication protocols and security to make existing world to be known as “SMART IoT
`World”.
`
`The term IoT-Internet of Things [3] was coined by “Kevin Ashton” [4] in 1999 with regard to Supply Chain
`Management. But seeing the current scenario, the term IoT has been expanded to wide range of applications
`like Utilities, Transport, Wearable Technologies, Smart Home Automation and even Military Applications
`like Robotics and Drones. IoT technology is transforming the way we live life every day. From consumer
`point of view, new IoT products like Home Automation, wearable devices, Household devices etc. are
`evolving and IoT technology is also giving lots of benefits even to disabled people with development of
`various health monitoring devices, wearable medical gadgets, Remote Health Monitoring equipment’s etc.
`IoT Technologies [5] like Vehicle Networking, Traffic Management Intelligent Systems are integrated with
`sensors fitted on roads transforming traditional cities to “SMART CITIES” and overcoming various issues
`like Traffic Jams, Road Accidents etc. Even though, IoT technology is blessing mankind with huge
`transformations and improvements in day to day activities, but on the other hand, IoT technology is
`surrounded by many issues, challenges and drawbacks with regard to security, privacy, data management,
`hardware failure (sensors failure) etc. which has to be combated as soon as possible for its wide adoption.
`
` A
`
` large number of IT firms and even research organizations worldwide are seeing lots of potential in the
`growth of IoT and has released various reports regarding it. CISCO has projected- 24 Billion connected IoT
`devices by 2019, Morgan Stanley projected- more than 75 Billion networked devices by 2020. Huawei
`projects- 100 Billion IoT devices by 2025. So, seeing the data projections IT Industry-R&D Incubation
`centers, Specialized R&D Institutions and Academia Researchers across the nook and corner of the world
`are researching on various IoT product developments and also on various issues pertaining regarding IoT
`effective implementations.
`
`Considering the huge potential of IoT Technology, current and undergoing development, a novel IoT based
`wearable Gadget- Data Glove- based on Arduino Technology integrated with varied Sensors like
`Temperature, Ambient Light and Accelerometer using 2.4 GHz Wireless Module for transmission of Data is
`developed and proposed in this research paper.
`
`2
`
`
`
`DES Ex. 2006 p. 2
`Falkbuilt, Ltd. v. DES, Ltd., IPR2021-00654
`
`

`

`
`
`
`Nayyar and Puri; BJMCS, 15(5): 1-12, 2016; Article no.BJMCS.24854
`
`
`
`
`
`Fig. 1. Internet of Things (IoT) showing end users and varied application areas
`
`
`
` 2
`
`
`1.1 Organization of paper
`
`Section II will covers overview of Internet of Things (IoT) Technology- Definition, History and IoT
`Technologies; Section III elaborates “Novel Proposed IoT Gadget- Data Glove- Definition, Components,
`Sensors, Circuit Diagrams; Section IV highlights in-depth coverage of live demonstration of Data Glove
`along with Data Output, Section V covers conclusion and future scope.
` Overview of IoT (Internet of Things)-Technology
`
`
`2.1 Definition of Internet of Things (IoT)
`
`Considering Definition of IoT [6], currently there exists no standardized definition of Internet of Things
`(IoT). But various definitions are coined by industry experts, researchers, innovators, inventors seeing its
`various application areas potential. The most reliable and justified definition of IoT coined till date is as
`follows:
`
`
`“An Open and Comprehensive network of intelligent objects that the capacity to auto-organize, share
`information, data and resources, reacting and acting in face of situations and changes in the
`environment”.
`
`
`The word Internet of Things (IoT) [7] is composed of two words: Internet and Things. Internet may be
`defined as global network of interconnected computers using TCP/IP protocol to share information among
`trillions of users worldwide. The word “Things” [8] include any objects, any objects ranging from
`electronics, daily used devices and gadgets etc. So, the term, IoT can be analyzed as “Global
`Communication Network which facilitates communication between Man to Man, Man to Objects and
`Objects to Objects and thereby giving each object a unique identity for hassle free data transmission over the
`global network i.e. Internet.
`
`3
`
`
`
`DES Ex. 2006 p. 3
`Falkbuilt, Ltd. v. DES, Ltd., IPR2021-00654
`
`

`

`
`
`
`Nayyar and Puri; BJMCS, 15(5): 1-12, 2016; Article no.BJMCS.24854
`
`
`
`
`2.2 History of development of IoT
`
`History of Development of IoT [9]
`
`
`A. 1999: The term “IoT” [10] was coined by Kevin Ashton [1], Co-founder of Auto-ID center at MIT
`and created global standard system for RFID and other sensors. Regarded as big year for IoT and
`MIT. Neil Gershenfeld also quoted IoT in his book titled “When Things Start to Think”. Kevin
`Ashton, David Brock and Sanjay Sarma developed “Electronic Product Code”.
`B. 2000: LG made a big announcement of “First IoT Refrigrator”
`C. 2002: David Rose created “The Ambient Orb” in MIT Media Lab and this invention led to the
`annoucement by NY Times Magazine as “Ideas of Year”.
`D. 2003-04: RFID was adopted on large scale by U.S. DoD (Department of Defense) in SAVI
`Program along with Walmart in consumer sector.
`E. 2005: Internet of Things (IoT) report was published by UN’s ITU.
`F. 2008: First conference in Europe on IoT was held. IPSO alliance promoted the use of IP in
`networks of “Smart Objects” and to enable “IoT”. FCC approved the use of “White Space
`Spectrum”. CISCO announced the “Birth of IoT”.
`G. 2010: Wen Jiabao, Chinese Premier announced heavy investments for popularization of IoT in
`China.
`H. 2011: IPv6 lanched.
`I. 2015: Year of Cloud and IoT
`
`2.3 Internet of Things (IoT)- technologies
`
`Internet of Things (IoT) [11] was basically the inspiration from RFID community members. With IoT, any
`object can mark its entry into Internet via different tagging technologies like NFC, RFID and Barcode. IoT,
`when combined with varied Sensors, facilitates varied objects come closer and formulate an Adhoc Network
`and share information. IoT has brought a huge revolution in IT industry in the area of computing, mobile
`networks, sensor networks, vehicular networks, Satellite Networks and FANET (Flying Drones Network).
`
`The following technologies laid a strong foundation for design and development cum popularization of IoT
`and dramatically improvised the scope for its implementation and wide adaptability:
`
`
`1. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification): RFID incorporates the use of Electromagnetic or
`electrostatic coupling in the Radio Frequency (RF) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to
`uniquely identify an object, person etc. RFID system is comprised of Five Main Components: An
`Antenna, Transreceiver, Transponder, Software and Server. RFID is classified into three categories:
`Active; Passive and Semi Passive. RFID technology acts as backbone in IoT for uniquely
`indetifying the objects in efficient manner.
`2. Electronic Product Code: EPC was developed by Auto-ID from MIT for sharing data in real time
`via Unique Identifier and EPC makes use of RFID and wireless technology. EPC is 96-bit code
`recorded on RFID and was invented to improve EPC bar code system. EPC code stores the
`information like: EPC, UID of Product, Specifications, Information of Manufacturer etc. EPC has 4
`components namely: Object Naming Service (ONS), EPC Discovery Service (EPCDS), EPC
`Information Services (EPCIS) and EPC Security Services (EPCSC).
`3. Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi today has enabled the sharing of computers and network without any use of wires and
`facilitates wireless distribution of data. Wi-Fi technology has been significantly improved in recent
`times in terms of speed, QoS, security, broader connectivity range and various standards being
`developed like 802.11a/b/g/n/ac and even ad standard is under rigourous development for live
`implementation as soon as possible. Wi-Fi, nowadays is extended to new High Quality Standards
`WiMAX, WiBRO, Mobile-Fi etc.
`
`4
`
`
`
`DES Ex. 2006 p. 4
`Falkbuilt, Ltd. v. DES, Ltd., IPR2021-00654
`
`

`

`
`
`
`Nayyar and Puri; BJMCS, 15(5): 1-12, 2016; Article no.BJMCS.24854
`
`
`
`4. Bluetooth: Bluetooth is the most cost-effective, short range radio technology to share data between
`mobiles, tablets, laptops and other handheld devices. Bluetooth range from 10-100mts and creates
`Personal Area Network (PAN). A set of devices sharing data on same bluetooth communication
`channel forms “Piconet”.
`5. ZigBee: Zigbee is regarded as the most commonly used technology in IoT devices these days
`because of its long range, high speed, security and overall Quality of Service (QoS) in transmission.
`It is IEEE 802.15.4 protocol based specification for a suite of high level communication protocols
`used to create PAN (Personal Area Networks) with small, low power digital radios.
`6. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN): Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are spatially distributed
`interconnected autonomous sensors for acquiring various types of data in terms of Temperature,
`Humidity, Sound etc. WSN is regarded as indespensible part of IoT Technology. In almost every
`IoT gadget, sensors are embedded facilitating transmission of data in terms of temperature, light,
`accelerometer, humidity and so on.
`7. 2.4 Ghz nRF24L01: It is a single chip 2.4 Ghz transceiver designed for ultra low power wireless
`applications. The nRF24L01 operates on ISM frequency band at 2.4-2.4835 GHz. It uses GFSK
`modulation and has user configurable parameters like frequency channel, output power and air data-
`rate.
`
` 3
`
` Data Glove- A Novel Proposed Wearable IoT Device
`
`
`In today’s era of computing, lots of new research is being carried out in the area of Virtual Reality,
`Augmented Reality, Holograms, Wearable devices like Smart Watches, Health Bands etc. Various
`manufactures have come up with Gadgets like Samsung Gear VR, Oculus Rift, Microsoft Hololens,
`Wearable Watches like Moto 360, Microsoft Band, Apple iWatch and the face of Human-Computer
`Interaction is changing day by day. IoT is also transforming the face of various applications like Gaming,
`Movie Experience, 4D View, HD Displays and even Large Projection Screens.
`
`3.1 What is Data Glove?
`
` A
`
` Data Glove is an interactive device, resembling a glove worn on the hand, which facilitates tactile sensing
`and fine-motion in robotics and virtual reality. Tactile sensing involves simulation of the sense of human
`touch and includes the ability to perceive pressure, linear force, torque, temperature and surface texture. A
`Data Glove is equipped with sensors that sense the movements of hand and interfaces with various sensors
`and sends the data back to the computer.
`
`Data Gloves are basically used in diverse fields like Virtual Reality, Robotics, Biomedical Engineering
`Applications, R&D Organizations, Military, Hospitals and even Large Scale Manufacturing Units for
`controlling various machines and doing efficient product operations.
`
`In this paper, a novel IoT based wearable Data Glove equipped with Temperature Sensor, Ambient Light
`and Gesture Control (Accelerometer Sensor-3 AXIS) has been proposed. The glove is controlled via
`Transceivers capable to play the role of both transmitter and receiver.
`
`3.2 Hardware, Sensors, Modules & Software’s behind development of proposed Data
`Glove-IoT Wearable device
`
`
`In this section, various Hardware’s, Software cum Sensors being utilized for development of Data Glove
`along with their tasks being performed in overall operation of Data Glove is also highlighted:
`
`3.2.1 Hardware
`
`
`1. Arduino Nano [12]: Arduino Nano is a small, complete and breadboard-friendly board based on
`ATmega328/168. It is powered via Mini-B USB connection, 6-20V unregulated external power
`
`5
`
`
`
`DES Ex. 2006 p. 5
`Falkbuilt, Ltd. v. DES, Ltd., IPR2021-00654
`
`

`

`
`
`
`Nayyar and Puri; BJMCS, 15(5): 1-12, 2016; Article no.BJMCS.24854
`
`
`
`supply or 5V regulated external power supply, has 32KB memory and has 14 Digital Pins. It takes
`input from sensors embedded on the Data Glove and gives output to Arduino IDE software via
`2.4GHz wireless nRF24L01 module.
`2. Arduino UNO [12]: Arduino UNO is the best board for working on Electronics and research on IoT
`and is based on ATmega328p. UNO is equipped with 14 Digital I/O pins, USB connection, Power
`jack and ICSP header. Can be easily connected to PC via USB Port. It receives input from Arduino
`Nano via 2.4GHz wireless nRF24L01 module and gives output to Arduino IDE all the sensor
`values.
`
`
`
`
`Fig. 2. Arduino Nano board
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Fig. 3. Arduino UNO
`
`3.2.2 Sensors
`
`
`
`
`1. Temperature Sensor (LM35): Temperature Sensor is basically used for measuring temperature
`variations around the sensor. LM35 is highly accurate temperature sensor used for research
`purposes. LM35 has varied features like: Direct calibration in Celsius degree; measures temperature
`ranging from -55 to +150 degree in Celsius.
`
`
`Fig. 4. LM35 temperature sensor
`
`
`
`6
`
`
`
`DES Ex. 2006 p. 6
`Falkbuilt, Ltd. v. DES, Ltd., IPR2021-00654
`
`

`

`
`
`
`Nayyar and Puri; BJMCS, 15(5): 1-12, 2016; Article no.BJMCS.24854
`
`
`
`2. LDR Sensor (Light Dependent Resistor): LDR Sensor or a Photo resistor is a device whose
`resistivity is a function of the incident electromagnetic radiation. Also known as Photo conductors,
`Photo conductive cells or simply photocells. LDR sensors are made up of semiconductor materials
`having high resistance. An LDR Sensor works on principle of photo conductivity. When the light
`strikes on LDR sensor, the electrons present in the valence band will shoot to the conductance band
`and conductivity becomes high.
`
`
`
`
`
`Fig. 5. LDR sensor
`
`
`
`3. 3-Axis Accelerometer (ADXL335): The ADXL335 is a small, thin, low power, complete 3-axis
`accelerometer with signal conditioned voltage outputs. The product measures acceleration with a
`minimum full-scale range of ±3 g. It can measure the static acceleration of gravity in tilt-sensing
`applications, as well as dynamic acceleration resulting from motion, shock, or vibration.
`Accelerometer sensor is regarded as electromechanical device for measuring acceleration forces
`which may be static like constant force of gravity pulling at your feet and could be dynamic. 3-Axis
`accelerometer comprise of a Mass at the center of chip of sensor, suspended by 4 Beams doped with
`Piezo-resistive material. It is used to measure the motion on X- and Y- Axis.
`
`
`
`
`Fig. 6. ADXL335 Sensor
`
`
`
`1. nRF24L01: nRF24L01 is an integrated, ultra-low power 2Mbps RF transceiver operating at ISM
`Band of 2.4 Ghz. It integrates RF transceiver, RF synthesizer and baseband logic including
`Enhanced Shock Burst hardware protocol accelerator. It is most accurate transmitter and receiver
`for sending and receiving data from various sensors and useful in IoT devices development.
`
`
`3.2.3 Modules
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Fig. 7. nRF24L01
`
`7
`
`
`
`DES Ex. 2006 p. 7
`Falkbuilt, Ltd. v. DES, Ltd., IPR2021-00654
`
`

`

`
`
`
`Nayyar and Puri; BJMCS, 15(5): 1-12, 2016; Article no.BJMCS.24854
`
`
`
`
`3.2.4 Software
`
`Arduino IDE ([12]): Arduino IDE is an open source software facilitating users to write source code for
`Arduino Boards. Arduino IDE software is being used in our proposed data glove for capturing data from
`varied sensors embedded in proposed data glove and is used for reading the sensor values.
`
`The following screenshot shows the GUI Interface of Arduino IDE software:
`
`
`
`Fig. 8. Arduino IDE Software-GUI
`
`
`
`
`3.2.5 Proposed Data Glove- circuit operation
`
`Data Glove is further divided into the two parts:
`
`
`1. Transmitter
`2. Receiver
`
`3.2.5.1 Transmitter
`
`In Transmitter Section, the main processing unit is Arduino Nano. It takes input from different sensor and
`gives output to 2.4 Ghz transceiver. The sensors used in this Data Glove are LM35(Temperature Sensor),
`LDR (Ambient Light), and ADXL335 (3-AXIS Accelometer). Sensors are giving the analog values. LM35
`is directly proportional to the Celsius scale. It gives 10mV output for every 1°C. LDR is used for light
`detecting. LDR changes its resistance according to the amount of light falls. 3-AXIS Accelometer gives the
`gesture value for X, Y and Z axis. It provides the analog value. All the sensors provide the analog value and
`Arduino Nano performs the task of converting these analog values to digital values via ADC (Analog to
`Digital) Convertor. The values are processed via Arduino Nano and sent to receiver side via nRF24L01
`transceiver. nRF24L01 Transceiver does the task of transmitter as well as receiver and communicate the real
`time values.
`
`3.2.5.2 Receiver
`
`In the Receiver section, Arduino UNO is the main processing unit/Microcontroller. It takes input from
`nRF24L01 Module and capture the real time value from the Data Glove. It differentiates various sensor
`values into definite manner and send to ARDUINO IDE Serial Monitor via Serial Communication interface.
`
`8
`
`
`
`DES Ex. 2006 p. 8
`Falkbuilt, Ltd. v. DES, Ltd., IPR2021-00654
`
`

`

`
`
`
`Nayyar and Puri; BJMCS, 15(5): 1-12, 2016; Article no.BJMCS.24854
`
`
`
`
`
`Fig. 9. Circuit diagram of proposed Data Glove- transmitter
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`9
`
`
`
`
`Fig. 10. Circuit diagram of proposed Data Glove- receiver
` Live Implementation of Data Glove
`
` 4
`
`
`The following screenshot shows the image of the proposed Data Glove
`
`
`DES Ex. 2006 p. 9
`Falkbuilt, Ltd. v. DES, Ltd., IPR2021-00654
`
`

`

`
`
`
`Nayyar and Puri; BJMCS, 15(5): 1-12, 2016; Article no.BJMCS.24854
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Fig. 11. Proposed Data Glove
`
`
`
`
`Fig. 12. Receiver section
`
`The following diagram shows the Live Data Capture of Sensors on Arduino IDE Software:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Fig. 13. Live captured data of temperature, light, X-Axis and Y-Axis on Arduino IDE Software
`transmitted by Sensors
`
`
`
`10
`
`
`
`DES Ex. 2006 p. 10
`Falkbuilt, Ltd. v. DES, Ltd., IPR2021-00654
`
`

`

`
`
`
`Nayyar and Puri; BJMCS, 15(5): 1-12, 2016; Article no.BJMCS.24854
`
`
`
`
`5 Conclusion and Future Scope
`
`5.1 Conclusion
`
`In this research paper, a novel IoT based Wearable glove equipped with various sensors like Temperature,
`LDR and 3-AXIS Accelerometer is proposed. The glove is powered via 9V Battery (Yielding 1 Month Data
`Glove Battery Life) and 7805 Voltage Regulator. The Data Glove is highly efficient in delivering data from
`various sensors and the data can be read via Serial Monitor on Arduino IDE software.
`
`5.2 Future scope
`
`Future work would be more focused on the use of more advanced hardware like ZigBee-Wireless
`Transmission Module Integration for widened coverage and security. More sensors like Humidity, Event
`Sensor, Proximity, Soil Sensor etc. would be integrated in the cover to make it more multi-functional device.
`The work would also be carried out on Security Parameter to have secured end to end cryptographic
`transmission of data via use of AES-256 Bit encryption algorithm.
`
`Competing Interests
`
`Authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
`
`References
`
`[1] Weber RH. Internet of things–new security and privacy challenges. Computer Law & Security
`Review. 2010;26(1):23-30.
`
`[2] Madakam S. Internet of Things: Smart things. International Journal of Future Computer and
`Communication. 2015;4(4):250.
`
`[3] Gubbi J, Buyya R, Marusic S, Palaniswami M. Internet of things (IoT): A vision, architectural
`elements, and future directions. Future Generation Computer Systems. 2013;29(7):1645-1660.
`
`
`[4] Ashton K. That ‘‘Internet of Things’’ thing. RFiD Journal; 2009.
`
`[5] Available:ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/ict/docs/enet/20090128-speech-iot-conference-lux_en.pdf
`(Accessed on Jan 23, 2016)
`
`
`[6] Madakam S, Ramaswamy R, Tripathi S. Internet of Things (IoT): A literature review. Journal of
`Computer and Communications. 2015;3(05):164.
`
`[7] Miorandi D, Sicari S, De Pellegrini F, Chlamtac I. Internet of things: Vision, applications and
`research challenges. Ad Hoc Networks. 2012;10(7):1497-1516.
`
`[8] Kaukalias T, Chatzimisios P. Internet of Things (IoT).
`
`[9] Available: http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-history
`(Accessed on Jan 23, 2016)
`
`[10] Atzori L, Iera A, Morabito G. The internet of things: A survey. Computer Networks. 2010;54(15):
`2787-2805.
`
`
`
`11
`
`
`
`DES Ex. 2006 p. 11
`Falkbuilt, Ltd. v. DES, Ltd., IPR2021-00654
`
`

`

`
`
`
`Nayyar and Puri; BJMCS, 15(5): 1-12, 2016; Article no.BJMCS.24854
`
`
`
`[11] Shen K, Peng TL. Object recognition and virtual interaction of IOT based on augmented reality
`[J]. Computer Engineering. 2010;17:036.
`
`[12] Available: www.arduino.cc
`(Accessed on Jan 23, 2016)
`_______________________________________________________________________________________
`© 2016 Nayyar and Puri; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
`(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
`the original work is properly cited.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Peer-review history:
`The peer review history for this paper can be accessed here (Please copy paste the total link in your
`browser address bar)
`http://sciencedomain.org/review-history/14031
`
`12
`
`
`
`DES Ex. 2006 p. 12
`Falkbuilt, Ltd. v. DES, Ltd., IPR2021-00654
`
`