CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 1 of 12
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`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 1 of 12
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`
`Exhibit 23
`Exhibit 23
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`Page 1
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`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 2 of 12
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`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB D
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`oc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 2 of 12
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`Electrical Conductivity Protocol - 1
`CONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY
`
`GLOBE® 2005
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Hydrology
`ASP_OWT0000001
`
`Page 2
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`OWTEx. 2150
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`Electrical Conductivity
`Protocol - Introduction
`
`Have youeverleft water to evaporate froma dish?
`What wasleft after the water evaporated?
`
`Tresh water has many natural impurities
`— including salts or minerals dissolved in the
`water that we cannot always see or smell. As
`water comes in contact with rocks and soil,
`some minerals dissolve in the water. Other
`impurities can enter a water bodythrough runoff
`or wastewater releases. If water contains high
`amounts of dissolved salts, it may be harmful to
`use for watering crops.
`
`‘The electrical conductivity meter measures how
`much electricity is being conducted through
`a centimeter of water. Lf you look at the probe
`end of the meter you will see that there are
`electrodes | cm apart. Conductivityis measured
`as microSiemens per cm ([6/cm). This is the same
`unit as a micromho, mho.
`To convertthe electrical conductivity of a
`water sample (US/cm) into the approximate
`concentration of the total dissolved solids
`(ppm) in the sample, you must multiply the
`
`The conversion factor depends on the chemical
`composition of the dissolved solids and can
`very between 0.54 - 0.96. For instance, sugars
`do notaffect conductivity because they do not
`form ions when they dissalve. The value 0.67 is
`commonlyused as an approximation.
`
` conductivity (US/cm) by a conversion factor.
`
`
`
`
`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 3 of 12
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`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 3 of 12
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`TDS (ppm) = Conductivity (US/cm) x 0.67
`It is better to use a conversion factor that has
`been determined by your water bodyinstead of
`the approximation since the impurities between
`water bodies can varygreatly. Drinking water
`with a conductivity of 750 [1S/cmwill have an
`approximate concentration of total dissolved
`solids of 500 ppm. Pure alpine snowfrom
`We call the amount of mineral and salt impurities
`remote areas has a conductivity of about 5 - 30
`in the waterthe total dissolved solids (abbreviated
`bS/cm.
`TDS). We measure TDSas parts per million (ppm).
`
`This tells us how many units of impurities there|Table HY-EC-1: Estimated Conversion from
`114
`;
`;
`;
`Conductivity
`are for one million units of water, by mass. For
`({LS/om) to Total Dissolved Solids (ppm) based on
`water we use at home, we prefer a TDS of less
`Average Conversion Factor of 0.67
`
`
`
`
`than 300 ppm, although water with higher TDS TDS|ConductivityConductivity TDS
`can still be quite safe. Water used for agriculture
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`hould have
`TDS below 1200
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`
`Electrical Conductivity Protocol- 2
`GLOBE® 2005
`CONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEYS' EYES ONLY
`
`Page 3
`
`Hydrology
`ASP_OWT0000002
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`OWTEx. 2150
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`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 4 of 12
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`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 4 of 12
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`Teacher Support
`
`Measurement Procedure
`
`There are several manufacturers and models of
`conductivity meters. Some models may measure
`conductivity in increments of 1OWS/cm;others in
`increments of 1.0US/cm. If your model measures
`in increments of 10WS/cm, you will have to
`calibrate it as closely as you can to the standard
`solution. Your accuracy and precision will never
`be better than + 10MS/cm. The meters need to be
`calibrated before testing the water sample. This can
`be donein the classroom shortly before going to
`the hydrologysite or at the hydrologysite.
`
`hear references to either conductivity probes
`or meters. For clarification, probes are the
`instruments that measure voltage or resistance
`in a water sample. Meters are instruments
`that convert electrical (voltage or resistance)
`measurements to concentrations. In order to
`measure electrical conductivity (or other types
`of measurements), both a probe and meter are
`required. Sometimes the probe and meter are
`within one instrument and cannot be taken
`apart. Other instruments have probes that
`are separate from the meters and need to be
`connected to the meters in order to take the
`water measurements.
`
`to followthe Salinity Protocol.
` For measuring electrical conductivity, you will
`Figure HY-EC-1: Using the Conductivity Meter
`
` $]03030Jd
`
`
`
`Some conductivity meters may indicate that they
`have an automatic temperature compensation
`(ALC). ‘Testing by the GLOBE Hydrologyteamhas
`indicated that the temperature compensation
`on conductivity meters is generally not reliable.
`For this reason, all water should be brought
`lo room temperature (20° - 30° C) [or testing,
`even if the manufacturer claims that the
`mneler is Llemperature compensated. It is very
`important to take the temperature of the water
`when doing the conductivity measurement.
`The temperature of the solution when the
`conductivity measurement is taken will help to
`identify errors resulting form meter error instead
`of actual changes intotal dissolvedsolids.
`
`If the water at your HydrologySite is not between
`20° - 30°C, you needto either let the water warm
`in the sample bucket or separate container while
`students take other hydrology measurements at
`the hydrologysite, or collect a sample in a water
`bottle and take back to the classroom. Alter the
`
`water reaches 20° - 30° C, students can take the
`conductivity measurement.
`
`Never immerse the meter totally in water. Only
`the part indicated in the instructions for the
`meter should be immersed in water.
`
`Most Conductivity Meters cannot measure the
`high conductivity characteristic of salt waters.
`If
`your hydrologysite is in salt water, you will need
`
`
`
`
`
`Electrical Conductivity Protocol - 3
`GLOBE® 2005
`CONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY
`
`Hydrology
`ASP_OWT0000003
`
`Page 4
`
`OWTEx. 2150
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`
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`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 5 of 12
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`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 5 of 12
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`Supporting Protocols
`Water Temperature: lt is important to take the
`temperature of water at the hydrologysite
`following the Water Temperature Protocol. Lf the
`temperature at the site is not between 20° - 30°
`C, it is important to let a sample of water reach
`this temperature range.
`Soil Characteristics and Land Cover: Soil
`Characteristics and Land Cover data provide
`1. The standard should be stored inatightly
`information on the possible source of the
`capped containerin the refrigerator.
`materials dissolved in the water.
`Making a seal with maskingtape will
`reduce evaporation.
`2. Write the date that the standard was
`
`Safety Precautions
`Students should wear gloves when handling water
`that may contain potentially harmful substances
`such as bacteria or industrial waste.
`
`Helpful Hints
`It isa good idea to keep an extra set of batteries on
`handfor the conductivity tester. Many use small,
`flat ‘watch’ type batteries.
`
`Instrument Maintenance
`
`Electrical Conductivity Meter
`1. The meter should be stored with the cap
`on. Never store the meter in distilled
`water.
`
`2. The electrodes should be well rinsed with
`distilled water after use to avoid mineral
`deposit accumulation.
`
` 3. The electrodes should periodicallybe
`
`cleaned with alcohol.
`
`Standard Solution
`
`purchased on the bottle. Standards
`should be discarded after one year.
`3. Never pour used standard back into the
`bottle.
`
`Questions for Further Investigation
`Wouldthe conductivity of the water al yoursite Lo
`go up or downafter a heavyrain? Why?
`
`Would you expect the conductivity to be greater
`in a high mountain stream that receives fresh
`snowmelt or ina lake at lower elevations?
`
`Whydo you think water with high levels of TDS
`is harmful to plants?
`
`Quality Control Procedure
`Electrical conductivity meters must be calibrated
`before use. Check with your meter manufacturer
`to be sure it stores the most recent calibration.
`If it does, the conductivity meter should be
`calibrated in the classroom or lab before going
`to the HydrologySite.
`If your meter does not
`keep the most recentcalibration, you will need to
`calibrate it just before you take your measurements
`taking care notto turn the meter or anyassociated
`software off. The temperature of the conductivity
`standard should be about 25° C.
`
`Atmosphere: Atmosphere data, especially
`precipitation, may also affect the concentration
`of total dissolved solids in your water.
`
`Supporting Activities
`A discussion of good conductors and poor
`conductors may help students understand the
`measurementbetter. To illustrate the conductivity
`of water, have students measure distilled water
`with the conductivity meter. They will find a
`reading near zero. Stir a small amountofsalt into
`the water and watch the reading go up! What
`happens whensugaris added?
`
`Students may also benefit from a discussion of
`indirect measures. Some things are difficult to
`measure directly. For instance, it would take a
`long time to count the fingers of everyone in
`the school! But we could estimate the number of
`fingers indirectly by counting the students and
`multiplying by 10. What other indirect measures
`can students think of?
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Page 5
`
`GLOBE® 2005
`Electrical Conductivity Protocol- 4
`CONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEYS' EYES ONLY
`
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`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 6 of 12
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`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 6 of 12
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`Electrical Conductivity Calibration
`Protocol
`Lab Guide
`
`Task
`Calibrate yourelectrical conductivity tester.
`
`What You Need
`LJ Electrical conductivity tester
`LI Standard solution
`LJ Thermometer
`LI Distilled water in wash bottle
`
`
`
`
`
`LI Soft tissue
`LI Two 100-mL beakers or two plastic cups
`LI Latex gloves
`LI Small screwdriver
`
`nNWN
`
`In the Lab
`1. Bring the standard solution to roomtemperature (about 25° C).
`2. Pour standard solution into each of the two clean 100-mL beakers or cups to a depth of about 2 cm.
`3. Remove the cap fromthe electrical conductivity tester and press the On/Off buttonto turnit on.
`4. Rinse the electrode at the bottom ofthe tester with distilled water in the wash bottle.
`. Gently blot dry with a tissue. Note: Do not rub or stroke the electrode while drying.
`. Put the probe ofthe meter into the first beaker of standard. Stir gently for 2 seconds torinse off anydis
`tilled water.
`7. Take the meter out ofthe first beaker. Do NOTrinse with distilled water.
`8. Put it into the second beaker.
`9. Stir gently, and then wait for the numbers to stop changing.
`10. If the display does not read the value of your standard solution, you must adjust the instrument to read
`this number. (For most meters, you can use a small screwdriver to adjust the calibration screw on the meter
`until the display reads the standardvalue.
`11. Rinse the electrode with distilled water and blot it dry. Turn off the meter and put the cap on to protect
`the electrode.
`12. Pour the standard from the beakers into a waste container. Rinse and drythe beakers
`
`Electrical Conductivity Protocol - 5
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`Hydrology
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`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 7 of 12
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`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 7 of 12
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`Electrical Conductivity Protocol
`
`Field Guide
`
`Task
`
`Measure the electrical conductivity of your water sample.
`
`What You Need
`
`
`
`LI Hydrology Investigation Data Sheet
`LJ Llectrical conductivity meter
`L} Thermometer
`LJ Distilled water in wash bottle
`
`In the Field
`
`
`
`LI Paper towelorsoft tissue
`LJ 2 100-mL beakers
`LI Latex gloves
`LJ One clean 600-700 mlplastic water
`bottle with cap (for sample water)
`
`. Fill out the top portion of the Hydrology Investigation Data Sheet
`. Put on latex gloves.
`. Record the temperature of the water to be tested. If water is between 20° — 30° C, go to step
`5.
`
`. If your water is below 20° C or above 30° C, fill a clean sample bottle (600-700 mL) with the
`water to be tested. Cap and bring back to the classroom. Allowthe water to reach 20° — 30°
`C, record the temperature and then proceed to step 5.
`. Rinse two 100-mL beakers two times with sample water.
`. Pour about 50 mL of water to be tested into two 100-mL beakers.
`
`. Remove the cap from the probe end of the meter. Press the On/Off button to turn it on.
`. Rinse the probe with distilled water. Blot it dry. Do not rub or stroke the electrode while
`drying.
`. Put the probe in the water sample in the first beaker. Stir gently for a few seconds. Do notlet
`the meter rest on the bottom of the beaker or touch the sides.
`
`10.
`
`11.
`
`12.
`
`13.
`
`14.
`
`15.
`
`Take the probe outofthe first beaker. Shake gently to remove excess water, then putit into
`the second beaker without rinsing with distilled water.
`Leave the probes submerged for at least one minute. When the numbers stop changing,
`record the value on the Hydrology Investigation Data Sheet by Observer 1.
`Have two other students repeat the measurement using fresh beakers of water each time.
`The meter does not need to be calibrated for each student. Record these measurements as
`Observers 2 and 3.
`
`Calculate the average of the three observations.
`Each of the observations should be within 4OUS/cm of the average. If one or more of the values
`is not within 40US/cm, pour a fresh sample and repeat the measurements and calculate a new
`average. If all observationsstill are not within 40.0 of the average, discuss possible problems
`with your teacher.
`Rinse the probe with distilled water, blot dry, and put the cap on the meter. Rinse and dry
`the beakers and sample bottle.
`
`Electrical Conductivity Protocol - 6
`GLOBE® 2005
`CONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY
`
`Hydrology
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`Page 7
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`

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`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 8 of 12
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`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 8 of 12
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`shock?
`
`No, however, you should not touch
`the electrode to avoid contaminatingit.
`Thetester should be handled carefully. If it is
`dropped into the water it may be ruined.
`
`Frequently Asked Questions
`1. Why does my conductivity reading slowly
`change?
`If your conductivity meter is not temperature
`equilibrated with the sample, the reading will
`slowly drift until the meter and the sample
`reach the same temperature. Also if your
`sample temperature is very different from the
`surrounding air temperature, the conductivity
`reading can drift as the sample warms or cools
`to equilibrate with the air.
`
`2. What happensif my wateris really salty or
`brackish?
`
`Most meters will only measure up to 1990.0
`[S/em. If your water has higher conductivity
`thanthis, the meter will not give a reading. You
`should use the Salinity Protocol to measure the
`dissolvedsolids in your water.
`
`OA
` 3. Will the meter give mean electrical
`
`os|
`oO-*
`oO
`ao
`
`Electrical Conductivity Protocol - 7
`GLOBE® 2005
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`
`Hydrology
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`
`Page 8
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`
`

`

`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 9 of 12
`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 9 of 12
`
`Electrical Conductivity
`Protocol -
`Looking at the Data
`
`Are the data reasonable?
`
`The conductivity tester measures conductivity
`from 0 to 1990.0US/cm. Waters with conductivity
`values greater than 1990.0WS/cm mustbe tested
`for total dissolved solids by using the Salinity
`Protocol. As a general trend for fresh water,
`conductivity increases the farther the sample
`site is from the source. Most conductivity testers
`increase in units of 10.0 and have a range of error
`of + 40.0L6/cm.
`
`Conductivity may vary significantly with the
`type of water body and thesite. It is therefore
`important to look at the conductivity of your
`ownsite over time. Graph your data and examine
`them for upward or downwardtrends. Pay close
`attention to values that may seem questionable.
`Check your metadata or other protocol data
`such as precipitation to see if your values can be
`explained by other environmental factors.
`
`data?
`
`Scientists use conductivity data as a measure of
`water quality. High values can mean water that
`tastes bad oris too salty for watering crops. Most
`municipal water quality reports use conductivity
`or TDS measurements to show that their drinking
`water is within the locally established limits.
`Scientists also look for trends in the conductivity
`data. Seasonal trends are often observed for water
`bodies that receive a portion of their water directly
`from snowmelt in the spring, water bodies that
`are affected by land cover, or water bodies that
`are located in areas with definite rainy seasons.
`Scientists can use the seasonal data they obtain to
`forecast water quality issues for years to come.
`
`Example of a Student Research
`Project.
`Forming a Hypothesis
`A student researcher wants to investigate
`conductivity. She hypothesizes that annual or
`seasonalfluctuations in conductivity data should
`be apparent in GLOBE measurements.
`
`Collecting and Analyzing Data
`She starts by searching the GLOBEdatabase for
`schools that have taken conductivity measurements.
`
`
`Figure HY-EC-2
`
`® Chemisches Institut Dr. Flad — Stuttgart
`
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`Electrical Conductivity Protocol- 8
`GLOBE® 2005
`Page SONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEYS' EYES ONLY
`
`° 2150
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`

`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 10 of 12
`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 10 of 12
`
`She then eliminates schools that have not taken
`this plot the student noted that the conductivity
`measurements consistently over the course of at|measurements tend to be higher in the winter
`least one full year. After plotting the data for several|months and lower in the summer months. She
`schools using the GLOBEserver, the studentfinds|then investigates further by downloading the
`an interesting trend for the data from Chemisches|monthly averages for conductivity values of
`Institut Dr. Flad in Stuttgart, Germany. This graph|Chemisches Institut Dr. Flad from the GLOBE
`is shown in Figure HY-EC-2.
`Web site. These data are shown below in Table
`The water body where this school takes its
`HYEC-2.
`measurements is Feuersee, a freshwater lake. From|The student then imports these data into a
`spreadsheet program, and she plots the data as
`shown in Figure HY-EC-3.
`From this plot, the same overall trend can be
`seen, however it is not as apparent as in Figure
`HYEC-1.
`
`
`Table HY-EC-2
`
`Date
`Cond. pS/em
`9/1998
`527
`10/1998
`519
`11/1998
`789
`12/1998
`545
`1/1999
`754
`2/1999
`617
`3/1999
`675
`4/1999
`677
`5/1999
`737
`6/1999
`692
`7/1999
`665
`9/1999
`689
`10/1999
`790
`11/1999
`840
`12/1999)
`760
`1/2000
`730
`
`3/2000
`4/2000
`5/2000
`6/2000
`7/2000
`9/2000
`10/2000
`
`5000
`
`1/2001
`2/2001
`3/2001
`4/2001
`5/2001
`6/2001
`7/2001
`9/2001
`
`10/2001
`11/2001
`
`12/2001
`
`624
`654
`706
`669
`613
`681
`785
`
`soy
`
`859
`701
`755
`746
`697
`712
`640
`560
`
`752
`820
`
`842
`
` nee Ex.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The student then decides to look at the trends
`on a seasonal rather than monthly basis. She
`divides the year into the four seasons and
`assigns the months December — February as
`winter, March — Mayas spring, June — August as
`summer and September — November as autumn.
`She calculates an average conductivity for each
`season. These data are shown in Table HY-EC-3.
`
`
`Table HY-EC-3
`Season
`autumn-1998
`
`Cond. pS/cm
`612
`
`spring-1999
`
`summer-1999
`autumn-1999
`
`696
`
`679
`773
`
`710
`661
`
`641
`
`781
`822
`
`733
`637
`
`711
`
`winter-2000
`spring-2000
`
`summer-2000
`
`autumn-2000
`winter-2001
`
`spring-2001
`summer-2001
`
`autumn-200 1
`
`GLOBE® 2005
`Electrical Conductivity Protocol - 9
`Page KBONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY
`
`TenAsktOdimp2nop99 OWT
`IPR2021-00625
`
`

`

`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 11 of 12
`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 11 of 12
`
`The student then graphs the data as shown in
`Figure HY-EC-5.
`
`From this plot she is able to see the annual trend
`more clearly. The student makes a note that the
`data for August were notavailable for any of the
`years in this data set and therefore the summer
`season is the average of only June and July. The
`student then decides to plot the data a final way.
`This time she calculates the average conductivity
`values of each month for the four-year period,
`as shown in Table HY-EC-4.
`
`She plots these data as shown in Figure HY-EC-
`5.
`
`Here again an annual trend can be seen. The
`student notes that the averages for November,
`
`than the other months in the year. She realizes
`she might not have picked the best months
`to represent each season. Perhaps, November
`— January should have been chosen for winter.
`This would most likely have produced a more
`noticeable trend. However, the student is
`confident that she has indeed discovered a site
`that shows an annual trend.
`
`Future Research
`
`Forfurther investigation, the student could contact
`the school and ask them if they have any ideas of
`what could be causing this cycle.
`
`She could also look at the seasonal patterns of
`other measurements, such as precipitation, to
`see if they might also berelated.
`
`She could also repeat this studying by looking at
`seasonal and monthly patterns in conductivity
`at othersites.
`
`
`Table HY-EC-4: Conductivity (uS/cm)
`1998
`
`2001
`
`Ave.
`
`
`
`1999
`
`2000
`
`
`
`December and January were much higher
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`January
`154
`730
`859
`781
`
`
`February
`617
`639
`701
`652
`
`
`March
`675
`624
`155
`685
`
`
`April
`677
`654
`746
`692
`
`
`May
`137
`706
`697
`713
`
`
`June
`692
`669
`712
`691
`
`
`July
`665
`613
`640
`639
`
`
`August
`
`
`September
`527
`689
`681
`560
`614
`
`
`October
`519
`790
`785
`752
`712
`
`
`November
`789
`840
`878
`820
`832
`
`December
`
`545
`
`760
`
`907
`
`842
`
`164
`
`Electrical Conductivity Protocol - 10
`GLOBE® 2005
`Page IAONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY
`
`° 2150
`TenAShtOWsgenn9 10 OWT
`IPR2021-00625
`
`
`
`<
`
`a2
`
`ic
`
`>w
`
`e
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`:
`
`
`
`
`
`;
`
`Pr
`
`:
`
`

`

`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 12 of 12
`CASE 0:20-cv-00358-ECT-HB Doc. 80-19 Filed 06/10/21 Page 12 of 12
`
`Figure HY-EC-3
`
`Feuersee Conductivity Monthly Averages
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(suawalgy)‘puog
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`|||||oSoSoSoSSo
`oSoOOooOoOOofee)McoLO
`it[.taoTL
`
`
`
`
` Bco
`
`
`sui-98
`
`Nov
`QB.
`
`reno
`
`mayo?
`
`ger?
`
`De
`
`99
`
`pO
`
`x00
`
`sut-00-
`
`oct09
`
`repote
`
`may"
`
`pu
`
`go
`
`pe
`ot
`
`Date
`
`
`Figure HY-EC-4
`
`Feuersee Conductivity Seasonal Averages
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(wio/sit):puoa
`
`cece™™oOoO
`
`oOoSOooOoOoOLOoOLooOLOOo
`
`
`
`
` «rhL
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Figure HY-EC-5
`
`Ave. Cond. (1998-2001)
`
`
`
`[\
`eT|
`
`
`
`
`
`(waysv)‘puog
`
`QQoO
`
`nr)N6
`
`B©
`
`QQ©
`
`GLOBE® 2005
`Electrical Conductivity Protocol - 11
`Page IWONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEYS' EYES ONLY
`
`Ex. 2150
`H
`olog
`TenAshtOWsngenne 1] OWT
`IPR2021-00625
`
`