`
`Apple Inc. (Petitioner)
`v.
`Koss Corporation (Patent Owner)
`
`Case No. IPR2021-00592
`U.S. Patent No. 10,469,934
`
`Before Hon. Patrick R. Scanlon, David C. McKone, and Gregg I. Anderson
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`APPLE 1033
`Apple v. Koss
`IPR2021-00592
`
`
`
`Instituted Grounds
`
`Obviousness Ground
`
`Claim(s) Challenged
`
`Haupt, Seshadri, Rao
`
`Haupt, Seshadri, Rao, Paulson
`
`Haupt, Seshadri, Rao, Rosener
`
`Haupt, Seshadri, Rao, Rosener,
`Paulson
`
`1, 2, 9, 32, 47, 52, 53, 54, 56–57
`3, 5, 7
`
`10, 14, 15, 23, 24, 33–36, 42,
`43, 46, 48–51, 55
`11, 16, 19, 21, 25, 28, 30, 37,
`39, 45
`
`* Independent claims noted in red
`
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`
`2
`
`
`
`Table Of Contents
`
`The ’934 Patent
`
`Discussion of Key Topics
`1 – Haupt and Seshadri Render Obvious Headphone’s Configured
`to “Initiate Transmission of a Request To a Remote, Network-
`connected Server” (Claim 1)
`2 – Koss’s Purported Concerns of Firmware Upgrades Are
`Misplaced (Claims 1, 33-37, 39, 42-43, and 45-46)
`3 – Haupt Renders Obvious Transmitting Data About the
`Headphone Assembly” (Claims 7, 21, 30, and 45)
`4 – Paulson Renders a “Push-To-Talk” Button Obvious (Claims 37
`and 39)
`5 – Haupt and Seshadri Render the Claimed DSP Obvious (Claims
`52-53 and 56-57)
`6 – Objective Indicia of Non-Obviousness Are Absent – No Nexus
`
`4
`
`7
`
`22
`
`37
`
`46
`
`50
`
`55
`
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`3
`
`
`
`The ’934 Patent
`
`“The ’934 patent relates to wireless
`earphones that receive audio data
`over a network.”
`Petition at 3 (citing APPLE-1001, 1:66-2:17)
`
`“In one general aspect, the present
`invention is directed to a wireless
`earphone that comprises a
`transceiver circuit for receiving
`streaming audio from a data
`source, such as a digital audio
`player or a computer, over an ad
`hoc wireless network.”
`
`APPLE-1001, 1:66-2:3
`
`APPLE-1001 at Figure 3
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`4
`
`
`
`The ’934 Patent – Claim 1
`
`1. A headphone assembly comprising:
`first and second earphones, wherein each of the first and second earphones
`comprises an acoustic transducer; and
`an antenna for receiving wireless signals from a mobile, digital audio player via
`one or more ad hoc wireless communication links;
`a wireless communication circuit connected to the antenna, wherein the wireless
`communication circuit is for receiving and transmitting wireless signals to and from the
`headphone assembly;
`a processor;
`a memory for storing firmware that is executed by the processor;
`a rechargeable battery for powering the headphone assembly; and
`a microphone for picking up utterances by a user of the headphone assembly;
`
`wherein the headphone assembly is configured to play, by the first and second
`earphones, digital audio content transmitted by the mobile, digital audio player via the
`one or more ad hoc wireless communication links;
`wherein the processor [of the headphone assembly] is configured to, upon
`activation of a user-control of the headphone assembly, initiate transmission of a
`request to a remote, network-connected server that is in wireless communication with
`the mobile, digital audio player; and
`wherein the headphone assembly is for receiving firmware upgrades
`transmitted from the remote, network-connected server.
`
`and
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`APPLE-1001 (’934 patent) at 18:2-32.
`
`5
`
`
`
`Six Topics For Discussion
`
`1. Haupt and Seshadri Render Obvious Headphone’s Configured
`to “Initiate Transmission of a Request To a Remote, Network-
`connected Server” (Claim 1)
`2. Koss’s Purported Concerns of Firmware Upgrades Are
`Misplaced (Claims 33-37, 39, 42-43, and 45-46)
`3. Haupt Renders Obvious Transmitting Data About the
`Headphone Assembly” (Claims 7, 21, 30, and 45)
`4. Paulson Renders a “Push-To-Talk” Button Obvious (Claims 37
`and 39)
`5. Haupt and Seshadri Render the Claimed DSP Obvious (Claims
`52-53 and 56-57)
`6. Objective Indicia of Non-Obviousness Are Absent – No Nexus
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`
`6
`
`
`
`Six Topics For Discussion
`
`1. Haupt and Seshadri Render Obvious Headphone’s
`Configured to “Initiate Transmission of a Request To a
`Remote, Network-connected Server” (Claim 1)
`2. Koss’s Purported Concerns of Firmware Upgrades Are
`Misplaced (Claims 33-37, 39, 42-43, and 45-46)
`3. Haupt Renders Obvious Transmitting Data About the
`Headphone Assembly” (Claims 7, 21, 30, and 45)
`4. Paulson Renders a “Push-To-Talk” Button Obvious (Claims 37
`and 39)
`5. Haupt and Seshadri Render the Claimed DSP Obvious (Claims
`52-53 and 56-57)
`6. Objective Indicia of Non-Obviousness Are Absent – No Nexus
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`7
`
`
`
`The ’934 Patent – Claim 1
`
`1. A headphone assembly comprising:
`first and second earphones, wherein each of the first and second earphones
`comprises an acoustic transducer; and
`an antenna for receiving wireless signals from a mobile, digital audio player via
`one or more ad hoc wireless communication links;
`a wireless communication circuit connected to the antenna, wherein the wireless
`communication circuit is for receiving and transmitting wireless signals to and from the
`headphone assembly;
`a processor;
`a memory for storing firmware that is executed by the processor;
`a rechargeable battery for powering the headphone assembly; and
`a microphone for picking up utterances by a user of the headphone assembly;
`
`wherein the headphone assembly is configured to play, by the first and second
`earphones, digital audio content transmitted by the mobile, digital audio player via the
`one or more ad hoc wireless communication links;
`wherein the processor is configured to, upon activation of a user-control of
`the headphone assembly, initiate transmission of a request to a remote, network-
`connected server that is in wireless communication with the mobile, digital
`audio player; and
`wherein the headphone assembly is for receiving firmware upgrades transmitted
`from the remote, network-connected server.
`
`and
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`APPLE-1001 at 18:2-32
`
`8
`
`
`
`Developed Record
`
`Dr. Cooperstock
`
`APPLE-1027 at ¶ 26 (cited at Reply at 8)
`
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`9
`
`
`
`Haupt
`
`Petition
`
`Petition at 6; APPLE-1004 at Figure 1 (annotated)
`
`“Haupt’s headphones are ‘an active network element, or [] a web client that provides an
`internet service such that other network elements can likewise access it.’ APPLE-1004,
`3:22-24. To accomplish this goal, Haupt provides ‘WLAN headphones … for wireless
`audio file transfer, as long as the receiver is within the transmission range of a WLAN
`access point…’ APPLE-1004, 2:22-24.”
`
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`Petition at 5
`
`10
`
`
`
`Haupt
`
`Petition
`“Haupt discloses that the main audio source for its headphones is a server accessed
`over WLAN. See APPLE-1004, FIG. 1, 6:16-7:31. However, it was well-known in the art
`that wireless headphones like Haupt’s could connect to a local digital media player (e.g.,
`a cellular telephone or MP3 player) and reproduce music stored there. See APPLE-
`1004, 1:13-29, 16:15-19, 19:10-19 . . . .”
`
`Petition at 9
`
`Haupt
`
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`
`11
`
`Haupt (APPLE-1004) at 19:10-21
`(cited at Petition at 6, 9, 29)
`
`
`
`Haupt
`
`Petition
`“Haupt discloses that the main audio source for its headphones is a server accessed
`over WLAN. See APPLE-1004, FIG. 1, 6:16-7:31. However, it was well-known in the art
`that wireless headphones like Haupt’s could connect to a local digital media player (e.g.,
`a cellular telephone or MP3 player) and reproduce music stored there. See APPLE-
`1004, 1:13-29, 16:15-19, 19:10-19 . . . .”
`
`Petition at 9
`
`Haupt
`
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`
`12
`
`Haupt (APPLE-1004) at 16:10-19
`
`
`
`Seshadri
`
`Petition
`
`Petition at 8
`“Seshadri describes “a modular wireless headset with which to service multiple
`incoming audio streams.” APPLE-1007, Abstract. Seshadri’s headset is quite similar
`to Haupt’s headphones. APPLE-1003, ¶40. However, whereas Haupt focuses on
`extending direct access to audio sources by making the headphone unit an active
`network element (see APPLE-1004, 3:22-4:10, 9:14-26), Seshadri focuses on
`providing access to multiple audio sources and transitioning between them (see
`APPLE-1007, ¶¶0009, 0024, 0067).”
`
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`Petition at 7
`
`13
`
`
`
`Seshadri
`
`Petition
`“Thus, Seshadri’s headphones allow a user to receive audio from any of his/her
`portable devices and are configured to allow the user to easily transition between
`these audio sources. See APPLE-1007, ¶¶0005-0007, 0043, 0067-0068; APPLE-
`1003, ¶42. For example, “[w]hen a second audio stream becomes available, an alert
`may be provided to users via the user interface,” and “prompt the user to select how the
`multiple audio streams are to be serviced.” APPLE- 1007, ¶0068.”
`
`Petition at 8
`
`Seshadri
`
`Seshadri at ¶ 0068 (cited at Petition at 8)
`
`Seshadri at ¶ 0043 (cited at Petition at 8)
`
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`14
`
`
`
`Petition’s Combination of Haupt and Seshadri
`
`Petition
`
`Petition at 6
`Petition at 8
`“Based on Seshadri and his/her general knowledge, a POSITA would have found it
`obvious to modify Haupt’s WLAN headphones—which already include a
`transmitter/receiver with both WLAN and Bluetooth interfaces—so they could access
`both remote servers via WLAN (as taught by Haupt) and local devices such as PDAs
`and MP3 players via either WLAN or piconet, i.e., ad hoc network, (as taught by
`Seshadri). APPLE-1003, ¶47. A POSITA would have found it obvious to implement
`these modified WLAN headphones so they utilize techniques similar to those described
`by Seshadri to transition between various audio sources and their respective audio
`streams. Id.”
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
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`Petition at 10
`
`15
`
`
`
`Petition’s Combination of Haupt and Seshadri
`
`Petition
`
`Petition at 6; Reply at 4
`
`“Further, a POSITA would have found it obvious that Seshadri’s base unit 16 (e.g., PDA
`30 or cellphone 36) would be able to communicate with and receive audio files from a
`server (e.g., public server OS) in the same manner as the operating element BE
`taught by Haupt with respect to FIG. 3. See APPLE-1004, 9:2-8, 10:7-24; APPLE-1003,
`¶100. This would have provided a source for the audio streams to which Seshadri
`teaches the base units 16 have access. See APPLE-1007, ¶0024; APPLE-1003, ¶100.”
`Petition at 29
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`16
`
`
`
`Petition’s Combination of Haupt and Seshadri
`
`Petition at 6; Reply at 4
`
`Haupt (APPLE-1004) at 10:7-24 (cited at Petition at 29)
`
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`
`17
`
`
`
`Patent Owner Mischaracterizes the Petition and Haupt
`
`POR
`
`POR at 17
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`18
`
`
`
`Petition’s Combination of Haupt and Seshadri
`
`Reply
`
`Petition at 6; Reply at 4
`“Consistent with this description in the Petition, Haupt gives an explicit example of its
`headphones being connected with a PDA or pocket PC (like Haupt’s operating element
`BE or Seashdri’s base unit 16), where the PDA or pocket PC (referred to as first client
`C1) can ‘play live internet radio, or . . . make use of internet telephoning (voice over
`IP).’ APPLE-1004, 16:15-19 (cited at Pet., 9-10, 32-33). A POSITA would have known
`or at least found it obvious that the ‘live internet radio’ or ‘voice over IP’ would be
`provided by a remote public server, like Haupt’s OS. APPLE-1025, ¶18.”
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`Reply at 4
`
`19
`
`
`
`Petition’s Combination of Haupt and Seshadri
`
`Sur-Reply
`
`Sur-Reply at 4
`
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`
`20
`
`
`
`What Haupt Actually Teaches
`
`Haupt
`
`Haupt (APPLE-1004) at 16:10-19 (cited at Petition at 9, Reply at 4-5, 8)
`
`Dr. Cooperstock
`
`APPLE-1027 at ¶ 26 (cited at Reply at 8)
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`
`21
`
`
`
`Six Topics For Discussion
`
`1. Haupt and Seshadri Render Obvious Headphone’s Configured
`to “Initiate Transmission of a Request To a Remote, Network-
`connected Server” (Claim 1)
`2. Koss’s Purported Concerns of Firmware Upgrades Are
`Misplaced (Claims 33-37, 39, 42-43, and 45-46)
`3. Haupt Renders Obvious Transmitting Data About the
`Headphone Assembly” (Claims 7, 21, 30, and 45)
`4. Paulson Renders a “Push-To-Talk” Button Obvious (Claims 37
`and 39)
`5. Haupt and Seshadri Render the Claimed DSP Obvious (Claims
`52-53 and 56-57)
`6. Objective Indicia of Non-Obviousness Are Absent – No Nexus
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`
`22
`
`
`
`The ’934 Patent – Claim 1
`
`1. A headphone assembly comprising:
`first and second earphones, wherein each of the first and second earphones
`comprises an acoustic transducer; and
`an antenna for receiving wireless signals from a mobile, digital audio player via
`one or more ad hoc wireless communication links;
`a wireless communication circuit connected to the antenna, wherein the wireless
`communication circuit is for receiving and transmitting wireless signals to and from the
`headphone assembly;
`a processor;
`a memory for storing firmware that is executed by the processor;
`a rechargeable battery for powering the headphone assembly; and
`a microphone for picking up utterances by a user of the headphone assembly;
`
`wherein the headphone assembly is configured to play, by the first and second
`earphones, digital audio content transmitted by the mobile, digital audio player via the
`one or more ad hoc wireless communication links;
`wherein the processor is configured to, upon activation of a user-control of the
`headphone assembly, initiate transmission of a request to a remote, network-
`connected server that is in wireless communication with the mobile, digital audio
`player; and
`wherein the headphone assembly is for receiving firmware upgrades
`transmitted from the remote, network-connected server.
`
`and
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`APPLE-1001 at 18:2-32
`
`23
`
`
`
`Haupt and Rao Render Firmware Limitation Obvious
`
`Petition
`“Haupt describes the audio files received by and played back by its WLAN headphones
`‘can be stored and transmitted in a compressed form, e.g. MP3, MP3pro, WMA, Ogg
`Vorbis, etc.’ APPLE-1004, 9:28-30. However, in order to play back these files, the
`headphones require hardware and/or software ‘for decompressing the compressed
`audio signals.’ APPLE-1004, 9:30-10:5. In one embodiment, ‘this necessary software
`can also be transferred along with, or prior to, the audio data,’ which is
`advantageous because ‘different versions of such headphones from different
`manufacturers’ can be ‘provided with the newest software version.’ Id.”
`
`Haupt
`
`Petition at 31
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`24
`
`Haupt (APPLE-1004) at 9:30-10:5
`(cited at Petition at 31)
`
`
`
`Haupt and Rao Render Firmware Limitation Obvious
`
`Petition
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`25
`
`Petition at 13
`
`
`
`POR Posits a Nonsensical Reading of Haupt
`
`POR
`
`POR at 24
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`26
`
`
`
`POR Posits a Nonsensical Reading of Haupt
`
`Dr. Cooperstock
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`27
`
`APPLE-1027, ¶ 29
`(cited at Reply at 9-10)
`
`
`
`The ’934 Patent – Claims 33-37, 39, 42-43, and 45-46
`
`33. The headphone assembly of claim 32,
`wherein each of the first and second
`earphones comprise earbuds.
`
`APPLE-1001 at 22:14-15
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`28
`
`
`
`Rosener Renders Earbuds Obvious
`
`Rosener
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`29
`
`Rosener (APPLE-1008) at FIG. 5,
`(cited at Petition at 49, 57)
`
`
`
`PO Argues Earbuds Are Outside POSITA’s Skill
`
`Sur-Reply
`
`Sur-Reply at 13-14
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`30
`
`
`
`Rosener Renders Earbuds Obvious
`
`Petition
`“That a POSITA would have known how to implement wireless headphones like Haupt’s
`in any of the form factors taught by Rosener is consistent with the detail provided in the
`’934 Patent. The ’934 Patent does not provide a POSITA with any specific
`teachings that would enable any given form and size of its headphones. APPLE-
`1003, ¶65. For example, the ’934 Patent provides general teachings that implementing
`the transceiver circuit 100 as a single integrated circuit ‘is conducive to miniaturizing the
`components of the earphone 10, which is advantageous if the earphone 10 is to be
`relatively small in size, such as an in-ear earphone.’ APPLE-1001, 6:43-53.
`
`Yet, the ’934 Patent does not provide any specific teachings that would have
`enabled the POSITA to implement the transceiver circuit 100 as a single
`integrated circuit, beyond the POSITA’s own skill. See id.; APPLE-1003, ¶66. The
`‘934 patent thus concedes that a person of skill would have had the knowledge
`necessary to implement the headphones taught therein in any of the disclosed
`form factors. A person with that level of skill would have been able to implement
`Haupt’s headphones in any of the forms taught by Rosener, and would have had a
`reasonable expectation of success in doing so. APPLE-1003, ¶66”
`
`Petition at 50-51 (citing In re Epstein)
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`31
`
`
`
`Rosener Renders Earbuds Obvious
`
`’934 Patent
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`32
`
`APPLE-1001, FIG. 3, 6:43-48
`(cited at Petition at 3, 50-51)
`
`
`
`POR Argues Earbuds Are Outside POSITA’s Skill
`
`Dr. Cooperstock
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`33
`
`APPLE-1027, ¶ 45
`
`
`
`POR Argues Earbuds Are Outside POSITA’s Skill
`
`POR
`
`POR at 44
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`34
`
`
`
`Petition Cites Hankey to Demonstrate POSITA’s
`Knowledge of Rechargable Batteries
`Petition
`“Further, it was well known that wireless headphones and headsets similar to Haupt’s
`were powered by rechargeable batteries. For example, Hankey describes that,
`‘[t]raditionally, known headset circuitry is powered through a battery even if an external
`power supply is present. The power drained from the battery is then recharged using
`power from the external power supply.’ APPLE-1005, 27:4-7.”
`
`Hankey
`
`Petition at 25
`
`Hankey (APPLE-1005) at FIG. 10A
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`35
`
`
`
`Hankey Demonstrates POSITA’s Knowledge of Firmware
`Uploads with Rechargable Batteries
`Dr. Cooperstock
`“[E]ven if Patent Owner is correct that certain types of firmware upgrades involve high
`power consumption, a POSITA would have known how to implement the prior art
`combinations to avoid this issue. For example, Patent Owner and its expert do not
`consider that a POSITA would have understood that a battery used in prior art
`combinations involving Rosener could be charged by an external power source
`when the headphones initiate a firmware upgrade. . . . This solution would have also
`been within the capability of a POSITA at least in view of Hankey’s corroborating
`disclosure that suggests permitting firmware download and installation when the
`headset is charging, which includes providing firmware upgrade capability when a device
`is plugged in and not relying solely on battery power to ensure continued power through
`the upgrade process. See APPLE-1005, 26:52-60.”
`
`APPLE-1027 at ¶ 47
`(cited at Reply at 15-16)
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`Hankey (APPLE-1005) at 26:52-60
`(cited at Reply at 15-16)
`
`36
`
`
`
`Six Topics For Discussion
`
`1. Haupt and Seshadri Render Obvious Headphone’s Configured
`to “Initiate Transmission of a Request To a Remote, Network-
`connected Server” (Claim 1)
`2. Koss’s Purported Concerns of Firmware Upgrades Are
`Misplaced (Claims 33-37, 39, 42-43, and 45-46)
`3. Haupt Renders Obvious Transmitting Data About the
`Headphone Assembly” (Claims 7, 21, 30, and 45)
`4. Paulson Renders a “Push-To-Talk” Button Obvious (Claims 37
`and 39)
`5. Haupt and Seshadri Render the Claimed DSP Obvious (Claims
`52-53 and 56-57)
`6. Objective Indicia of Non-Obviousness Are Absent – No Nexus
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`37
`
`
`
`The ’934 Patent – Claims 7, 21, 30, and 45
`
`7. The headphone assembly of claim 1, wherein
`upon activation of the microphone by the user,
`data are transmitted about the headphone
`assembly to a remote device.
`
`APPLE-1001 at 20:29-35
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`38
`
`
`
`Haupt Teaches Transmission of Data About Headphone
`
`Petition
`“As described with regard to limitation 3[a], Haupt’s processor (i.e., central control unit
`SE) is capable of processing audible utterances by the microphone of the headphone
`unit. APPLE-1003, ¶132. Haupt describes that its ‘microphones can be addressed and
`activated, e.g. via the internet’ such that ‘audio signals recorded by the microphones can
`then be sent to various IP addresses in the internet.’ APPLE-1004, 19:31-20:3.”
`
`Petition at 48.
`
`Haupt
`
`Haupt (APPLE-1004) at 21:27-22:2
`(cited at Petition at 48-49)
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`39
`
`
`
`POR Fails to Account for Haupt’s Complete Teachings
`
`POR at 35
`
`Petition at 47
`
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`
`40
`
`Haupt (APPLE-1004) at 22:11-14
`(cited at Petition at 46-47)
`
`
`
`POR Fails to Account for Haupt’s Complete Teachings
`
`POR at 36-37
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`41
`
`
`
`POR Fails to Account for Haupt’s Complete Teachings
`
`Dr. Cooperstock
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`42
`
`APPLE-1027 at ¶¶ 52
`(cited at Reply at 18-19)
`
`
`
`POR Fails to Account for Haupt’s Complete Teachings
`
`Dr. Cooperstock
`
`APPLE-1027 at ¶ 53
`(cited at Reply at 18-19)
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`43
`
`
`
`Patent Owner’s Ever-Shifting Theory
`
`POR
`
`Sur-Reply
`
`POR at 36-37
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`Sur-Reply at 10
`
`44
`
`
`
`Patent Owner’s New Theory Inconsistent with Haupt
`
`Sur-Reply
`
`Haupt
`
`Sur-Reply at 10
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
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`45
`
`Haupt (APPLE-1004) at 21:27-22:2
`(cited at Petition at 48-49, Reply at 18-19)
`
`
`
`Six Topics For Discussion
`
`1. Haupt and Seshadri Render Obvious Headphone’s Configured
`to “Initiate Transmission of a Request To a Remote, Network-
`connected Server” (Claim 1)
`2. Koss’s Purported Concerns of Firmware Upgrades Are
`Misplaced (Claims 33-37, 39, 42-43, and 45-46)
`3. Haupt Renders Obvious Transmitting Data About the
`Headphone Assembly” (Claims 7, 21, 30, and 45)
`4. Paulson Renders a “Push-To-Talk” Button Obvious (Claims
`37 and 39)
`5. Haupt and Seshadri Render the Claimed DSP Obvious (Claims
`52-53 and 56-57)
`6. Objective Indicia of Non-Obviousness Are Absent – No Nexus
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`46
`
`
`
`The ’934 Patent – Claims 37 and 39
`
`37. The headphone assembly of claim 36,
`wherein the processor is for:
`processing audible utterances by the user
`picked up by the microphone in response to
`activation of the microphone by the user; and
`transmitting a communication based on the
`audible utterances via the one or more ad hoc
`wireless communication links.
`
`APPLE-1001 at 22:35-42
`
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`47
`
`
`
`Paulson Renders “Push-To-Talk” Button Obvious
`
`Petition
`“Paulson also describes that ‘switch 330 may be arranged to provide push-to-talk
`functionality.’ Id. Activation and deactivation of switch 330 thereby allows a user to mute
`and unmute microphone 130 through physical actuation. APPLE-1003, ¶56. A POSITA
`would have found it obvious to modify Haupt such that Haupt’s WLAN headphones
`include a switch to mute and unmute the microphone (as taught by Paulson) . . . .”
`Petition at 43
`
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`48
`
`
`
`Ability to Implement was Within a POSITA’s Skill
`
`Dr. Cooperstock
`“Rather, to realize the Haupt-Seshadri-Rao-Paulson wireless earphones, the
`POSITA would have simply incorporated a button that is appropriately-sized for
`small earphones into the Haupt-Seshadri-Rao earphone to provide Paulson’s
`push-to-talk functionality. . . . Indeed, Hankey provides corroborating descriptions of
`an earbud headset that includes a rechargeable battery, a microphone, and buttons. See
`APPLE-1005, FIG. 1, 10:6-38.Thus, the size would not have discouraged a POSITA from
`applying Paulson’steachings to the Haupt-Seshadri-Rao-Rosener earphones.”
`APPLE-1027, ¶ 56 (cited at Reply, 20-21)
`
`Hankey (APPLE-1005), FIG. 1, 10:6-22
`(cited at Reply, 20-21)
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`49
`
`
`
`Six Topics For Discussion
`
`1. Haupt and Seshadri Render Obvious Headphone’s Configured
`to “Initiate Transmission of a Request To a Remote, Network-
`connected Server” (Claim 1)
`2. Koss’s Purported Concerns of Firmware Upgrades Are
`Misplaced (Claims 33-37, 39, 42-43, and 45-46)
`3. Haupt Renders Obvious Transmitting Data About the
`Headphone Assembly” (Claims 7, 21, 30, and 45)
`4. Paulson Renders a “Push-To-Talk” Button Obvious (Claims 37
`and 39)
`5. Haupt and Seshadri Render the Claimed DSP Obvious
`(Claims 52-53 and 56-57)
`6. Objective Indicia of Non-Obviousness Are Absent – No Nexus
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`50
`
`
`
`The ’934 Patent – Claims 52-53 and 56-57
`
`52. The headphone assembly of claim 1,
`wherein the processor comprises a digital
`signal processor that provides a sound quality
`enhancement for the audio content played by
`the acoustic transducers.
`
`APPLE-1001 at 24:1-4
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
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`51
`
`
`
`Haupt and Seshadri Render Claimed DSP Obvious
`
`Petition
`“A POSITA would have understood that use of digital signal processing (DSP)
`functions (as taught by Seshadri) with the processor of Haupt’s WLAN
`headphones is one of several design choices to provide signal processing
`complementary to Haupt’s audio amplifier to enhance the signal quality of the audio
`content played by the acoustic transducers. As noted above, Seshadri teaches that
`its processor performs numerous DSP functions, and it would have been obvious to
`a POSITA to modify the processor of Haupt’s WLAN headphones to include a DSP to
`perform sound quality enhancement, as claimed. See APPLE-1007, ¶0052; APPLE-
`1003, ¶117.”
`
`Petition at 37-38
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`52
`
`
`
`Haupt and Seshadri Render Claimed DSP Obvious
`
`Seshadri
`
`Seshadri (APPLE-1007) at FIG. 6, ¶¶ 0052, 0054
`(cited at Petition at 37-38, Reply at 21-22)
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`53
`
`
`
`Haupt and Seshadri Render Claimed DSP Obvious
`
`Dr. Cooperstock
`
`APPLE-1027, ¶ 63 (cited at Reply, 22)
`
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`54
`
`
`
`Six Topics For Discussion
`
`1. Haupt and Seshadri Render Obvious Headphone’s Configured
`to “Initiate Transmission of a Request To a Remote, Network-
`connected Server” (Claim 1)
`2. Koss’s Purported Concerns of Firmware Upgrades Are
`Misplaced (Claims 33-37, 39, 42-43, and 45-46)
`3. Haupt Renders Obvious Transmitting Data About the
`Headphone Assembly” (Claims 7, 21, 30, and 45)
`4. Paulson Renders a “Push-To-Talk” Button Obvious (Claims 37
`and 39)
`5. Haupt and Seshadri Render the Claimed DSP Obvious (Claims
`52-53 and 56-57)
`6. Objective Indicia of Non-Obviousness Are Absent – No Nexus
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`55
`
`
`
`Inappropriate Incorporation by Reference
`
`Petitioner Reply
`“Koss’s entire analysis on nexus is limited to a few paragraphs, none
`of which include evidence sufficient to establish a prima facie legally
`sufficient relationship between claim 1 and the AirPod Products. See
`POR, 32-34. In the first paragraph, Koss baselessly concludes that the
`“AirPods Products are the ‘headphone assembly’ of claim 1” of the ’934
`Patent while only identifying a subset of features recited in claim 1. Id.,
`32. In the subsequent paragraphs, Koss focuses on the necessity for
`firmware upgrades with reference to the AirPod Products. Id., 33. But each
`of Koss’s allegations are conclusory and insufficient to show the required
`nexus. Demaco Corp., 851 F.2d at 1392.”
`
`Reply at 23-24
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`56
`
`
`
`Coextensiveness and Presumption of Nexus
`
`Legal Principles
`
`“A ‘nexus’ between secondary
`considerations evidence and a claimed
`invention is required for the evidence
`to be given substantial weight in the
`obviousness analysis.”
`
`Petitioner Reply at 23
`(citing Demaco, 851 F.2d 1387, 1392 (Fed. Cir. 1988))
`
`“…the proponent of the secondary
`considerations evidence bears the
`initial burden of establishing nexus…”
`Petitioner Reply at 23
`(citing Brown, 229 F.3d 1120, 1130 (Fed. Cir. 2000))
`
`“Koss does not prove that AirPod
`Products are coextensive with claim
`1, and therefore holds the burden
`to prove nexus since it is not
`entitled to any presumption of
`nexus.”
`
`Petitioner Reply at 23
`(citing FOX Factory, 944 F.3d 1366, 1373 (Fed. Cir. 2019)
`
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`
`57
`
`
`
`Unclaimed Features in the Apple AirPods
`
`Petitioner Reply
`“Koss’s own secondary considerations evidence establishes that various
`AirPod Products include the following unclaimed features:
`(a) the first-generation AirPods had sensors that ‘detect when AirPods are in
`ear and can automatically play and pause music’ (KOSS-2030),
`(b) the second-generation AirPods had a proprietary system-in-package
`(SiP) chip (Apple H1 chip) that delivered ‘performance efficiencies, faster
`connect times, more talk time’ (KOSS-2031),
`(c) the AirPods Pro had adaptive noise cancelling feature that ‘uses two
`microphones’ on a single earphone ‘combined with advanced software to
`continuously adapt to each individual ear and headphone fit’ (KOSS-
`2032), and
`(d) all AirPod Products ‘feature the same great battery life…with up to five
`hours of listening time’ (KOSS-2032).
`
`Reply at 24-25; Fox Factory, Inc. v. SRAM, LLC, 944 F.3d 1366 (Fed. Cir. 2019)
`
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`58
`
`
`
`Unclaimed Features in the Apple Airpods
`
`PO Sur-Reply
`“…other features identified by
`Apple, while unclaimed, are
`not for improving the ‘heart,’ or
`purpose, of the ’934 Patent.”
`FOX Factory, 944 F.3d at 1375
`(finding unclaimed feature
`significant because it went to
`the ‘heart’ or purpose of the
`challenged patent).
`
`Fox Decision
`“In this case, however, because
`there are one or more features
`not claimed by the '027 patent
`that materially impact the
`functionality of the X-Sync
`products, including the >80%
`gap filling feature claimed in the
`'250 patent, nexus may not be
`presumed.”
`
`Sur-Reply at !!
`
`Fox, 944 F.3d at 1376 (cited by Sur-Reply at !!)
`
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`59
`
`
`
`No Nexus Between Claims and Apple Airpods
`
`Reply
`Commercial success evidence “is relevant in the obviousness context only if
`there is proof that the sales were a direct result of the unique characteristics of
`the claimed invention…” In re Huang, 100 F. 3d 135, 140 (Fed. Cir. 1996).
`Petitioner Reply at 25-26
`
`“For example, Koss acknowledges that ‘claim 1 requires that the
`server to which the headphone assembly initiates
`transmission of the request also transmits the firmware
`upgrades to the headphone assembly.’ POR, 23. Yet, Koss
`does not present a single piece of evidence to show that the
`same server to which it alleges the ‘Hey Siri’ request initiated
`by the user of the headphones is transmitted is also the same
`server that transmits the firmware upgrades. See POR, 32-34.
`That is, Koss focuses solely on the necessity of firmware upgrades
`without addressing the server that provides them—a required
`limitation of the claims. Id.”
`
`Petitioner Reply at 24
`
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`60
`
`
`
`Other Reference Slides
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`6161
`
`
`
`Patent Owner Acknowledges No New Arguments
`
`Sur-Reply
`
`Sur-Reply at 3
`
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`
`62
`
`
`
`Haupt
`
`Petition
`“Haupt describes that its wireless headphone unit may take the form of a headset that
`includes a microphone. See, e.g., APPLE-1004, 16:2-8; APPLE-1003, ¶95. . . . “The
`headset can also contain another microphone for implementing an active noise
`compensation.” APPLE-1004, 22:25-26.”
`
`Petition at 26
`
`Haupt
`
`Haupt (APPLE-1004) at 22:35-361
`(cited at Petition at 26)
`
`DEMONSTRATIVE EXHIBIT - NOT EVIDENCE
`
`63
`
`
`
`The ’025 Patent – Claim 1
`
`1. A system comprising:
`a mobile, digital audio player that stores digital audio content; and
`a headphone assembly, separate from and in wireless communication with the
`mobile digital audio player, wherein the headphone assembly comprises:
`first and second earphones, wherein each of the first and second
`earphones comprises an acoustic transducer;
`an antenna for receiving wireless signals from the mobile, digital audio
`player via one or more ad hoc wireless communication links;
`a wireless communication circuit connected to the at least one antenna,
`wherein the at least one wireless communication circuit is for receiving and
`transmitting wireless signals to and from the headphone assembly;
`a processor;
`a rechargeable battery for powering the headphone assembly; and
`a microphone for picking up utterances by a user of the headphone
`assembly; and
`a remote, network-connected server that is in wireless communication with the
`mobile, digital audio player;
`wherein the mobile, digital audio player is for transmitting digital audio content to
`the headphone assembly via the one or more ad hoc wireless