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`‘4theOfficialDictionary 16fa
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`' of Telecommunications
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`BY HARRY NEWTON_anti
`
`IPR2021-00574
`
`RingCentral Ex-1015, p. 1
`RingCentral Ex-1015,p.
`1
`RingCentral v. Estech
`RingCentral v. Estech
`IPR2021-00574
`
`

`

`IIEWTOII'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`copyright 0 2000 Harry Newton
`Email: Harry Newton@Technologylnvestor.com
`Personal web site: www.HarryNewton.com
`All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright conventions
`Including the right to reprOduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever.
`Published by Telecom Books
`An Imprint of CMP Media Inc.
`12 West 21 Street
`New York, NY 10010
`
`ISBN I 1-57820·053-9
`
`Sixteenth Ed~ion, Expanded and Updated. February 2000
`For individual orders, and for Information on special discounts for quantity orders,
`please contact:
`
`Telecom Books
`6600 Sllaccl Way
`Gilroy, CA 95020
`Tel: SQO.LIBRARYor 408-848-3854
`FAX: 408-848-5784
`Email: telecom@ rushorder.com
`Distributed to the book trade In the u.s. and canada by
`~ Publishers Group West
`,
`1700 Fourth St., Berkeley, CA. 94710
`Manufactured in the United States Of America
`
`RingCentral Ex-1015, p. 2
`RingCentral v. Estech
`IPR2021-0057 4
`
`

`

`
`
`NEWTON’s
`TELECOM
`DICTIONARY
`The Official Dictionary of
`Telecommunications & the Internet
`
`
`
`16th Updated, Expanded and Much
`Improved Edition
`
`—_
`
`RingCentral Ex-1015, p. 3
`RingCentral Ex-1015, p.3
`RingCentral v. Estech
`RingCentralv. Estech
`IPR2021-00574
`IPR2021-00574
`
`

`

`NEWTON 'S TELECO M DICTIO NARY
`
`...,..eric Dlstarbance An Increase 111 the ionJZalion
`~ihe 0 reg1on of the ionosphere, caused by solar activity,
`.nteh resulls in greatly increased radio wave absorption. See
`"" eric Foe••'•• A variat1on in the curvature of the
`~·
`layers can grve rise to a focusing/defocusing
`11111::1 a1 a reauVIng antenna. Th1s may prodlx:e eithef an
`mwx;emeot or anenuahon in the received held shengttl due
`10 Sl~l phase vanations.
`ltH~pherlc Refraction The cha11ge in the prOjlagalion
`- ' of a s.gnal as 11 passes through the ionosphere.
`toP 1. ~put Processor
`2 lnler~hty The ablt1ty of eQUijminl from dittenn
`manutacture!S (or different implementatiOns) to operate
`lcgelher.
`lOPS Internet OPerators Group. On May 20, 1997 Nineollhe
`nahon~ major Internet service providers announced the for(cid:173)
`~ of lOPS ORG, a gro~ of Internet service providers
`(lSI'$) dedated to ma~1ng the commercial lriemet more
`roWs! cW1d reliable. IOPS.ORG wlll focus primarily on resolv(cid:173)
`Ing and preventmg network integrity problems, addressing
`Issues that require technical coordination and technical infor(cid:173)
`matiOO·sharing across and among ISPs. These issues include
`,oonl problem resolulton. technology assessment. and global
`~nel scaling and 1ntegnty. lOPS ORG will pr<Mde a point·
`ol-cootact lor these tndustry-w1de techn1cal issues.
`IOPS.ORG are ANS
`founding members of
`The
`Communications, AT&T, BBN Corporation. Earth Link
`N!tilork, GTE, MCI, NET COM, PSINet, and UUNET, and It Is
`txlleded thai add11tonal national and in1emalional Internet
`operalors Will jo1n IOPS.ORG will work Wl1h other Interne!
`organrzahons, w1th Internet equipment vendors, and wilh
`businesses that rely on lhe Internet. IOPS.ORG members lndi·
`Yidually will continue to support other Internet organizations
`such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the North
`Mler1C3n Network Operators Group (NANOG), and the
`lrtemel Sooety
`"' Corporal on for National Research ln~iatives (CNRI). a
`Reston, VA-based not-for-profit organization which works
`w~t~ industry, academia, and government on national-level
`ln1llal1ves 1n mformatlon tochnotogy, wlll host the initial oper·
`•Ions of lOPS ORG "IOPS.ORG w111 play a key rote In the
`ltal1hy tml1C31 and operational eYOiution of the Internet as
`an 111Cteas1rgly important componen1 of the economy; said
`CNRI Pres1dent Robert Kahn. www.lops.org
`lOS 1. The InternatiOnal Organization for Standardization
`based in Geneva. Switzerland. The lOS develops and publish·
`es hundleds of International ISO standards svch as ISD-9!m
`b QUality assurance or ISO 14000 for enwonrnerGI penor(cid:173)
`mne The lOS is ~ised of more than 90 member stan(cid:173)
`~ bod1es W()(ldwlde plus other International assoclaions,
`OOvernment and non-government bodies. The U.S. member
`ol the lOS is ANSI See ANSI and ISO.
`2 lntemetwort< Operat1ng System from Clsoo. This operating
`S)'St8n runs the vast maJority of routers now deployed in the
`of the Internet See also Jooos Code.
`:
`TP See Internet Open Tradmg Protocol.
`1P 1. The Internet Protocol. IP is the most important of the
`Plotocols on which the Internet is based. The IP Protocol is a
`~d descl1b1ng software that keeps track olthe Internet'S
`-.esses for d1Heren1 no<Es. routes outgoing messages. and
`~'les n:oo11ng messages. It allows a packet to lmefSe
`lll!Or llple networks on the way to 1ts final desttnahon
`101nally developed by the Department of Defense to stlppor1
`453
`
`interworklng of dissimilar corn~ across a network. Wilde
`its roots are in the ARPAnet ~lopment, IP was first stan(cid:173)
`dardil2d in RFC 791, published in 1981, and updated in RFC
`1349. This protocol works in conjunction with TCP and is
`usually idelt•lil!d as TCPIIP It is a connechontess protocol
`Ita operates a1 the network layef (layer 3) of the OSI roodel.
`See IP Address.IPY4, IPvS, iPY6, the Interne!, nl TAPI3.0.
`2. Intelligent Peripheral. A device in an IN (Intelligent
`N~rk) or AJN (~IN) that provides capabilities sldl
`as VOice announcements. voice recognition. voice printing
`and help gu1dance. By way of ~le. MCI's 1-aoo.COL·
`!fCT makes use cA IPs, wlllch are specialiled VOICe process(cid:173)
`lllg systems. The IP Jli'001)Is the caller to enter the target tele(cid:173)
`phone number and speak h1s or her name. The system then
`instructs the network to connect the call. Based on a spoken
`acceptance ol the call by the called party, the system aulho(cid:173)
`ri~es call COflllle!ion.
`3. lrlformat1011 Provider. A customer thai offers recorded infor·
`mallon on itS hsled runbers
`IP Atlclress See Internet Address
`IP Allllre11 ••k Internet Protocol address mask. A
`range of IP addresses defined so that only mines with IP
`addresses within the range are allowed ~s to an Internet
`service. To mask a portion cA the IP address. replace d w1th
`the asteriSk wild card chn:tlf ("). For ~le. 192 44 • •
`represents fMlfY computer on the Internet With an IP address
`beginning wHh 192.44. See IP Addressing.
`IP Aclclre111111 A networking term. IP (Internet Protocol)
`addressing Is a system for assigning numbers to network
`subdivisions. domains, and nodes in TCP/IP networks. IP
`addresses ate fiQUied as 32-llit (lour-byte) nooters The h1~
`bytes constitute the ·ctass A' and ·class B' portions olthe
`address, which denote network and subnetwork. The low
`bytes (·Class C' address segments) identity unique nodes(cid:173)
`individual machines or (in the case of multi-addressing) indi·
`vidual node processes. The Class C address segment (two
`bytes) can represelt 65,536 oorque values- enough so thai
`in most COIM!flllonal TCPIIP LANs, suff.::1eri values 318
`available to afford each mactune Its own "fixed" IP address. In
`public lnternet-aocess, however, the number of f1~8d address(cid:173)
`es available to a provider may not be sufficient to provide
`each dialup client with a permanent IP address. In 5Vch sce(cid:173)
`narios. available Class C addlesses can be 3SSigned dynam(cid:173)
`ically, as mact11nes log into network access ports -
`on the
`pres~ion thai no more 11m N clltnls will ~ to log
`on. simultaneously (where N denotes the number of absolute
`addresses In the pool). Thus·
`"Fixed. or "SID:. IP address. a lour-byte TCPIIP network
`address permnliJy ass.gned to an Individual machine or
`accotrll
`•OynamiC3fly-assigned' IP address a four-byje TCPIIP net·
`work address asSigned to a machine or acaull for the dura(cid:173)
`tion of a single session
`,.. The fundamental urut of inlormaiiOil passed
`IP Dll
`CorialiiS scme nl desiiMIOII address-
`across the
`es a1oo;1 1'111h ditl and a runber ol ftelds which dellne such
`things as the lenglh olthe dalapn, the l1edr cheC:tsl.m.
`and flags to S¥f whelrer the datagram can be (or has been)
`fragmented
`1P Dmce c .. trot IPDC See Simple Gateway Control
`Protocol
`IP llaltkctstfat The transrllr$$IOII of an IP daUpn to a
`rosa group a se1 cA mo or rrore hoslS ideriltled by a sqlt
`IP destination address. A munrcast dal3pn deli\rlnd to all
`
`RingCentral Ex-1015, p. 4
`RingCentral v. Estech
`IPR2021-0057 4
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`

`

`NEWTON ' S TE LECOM DI CTIONARY
`
`members of its destination host group with the same 'best
`efforts' reliability as regular unicast IP datagrams, i.e., the
`datagram is not guaranteed to arrive intact at all members of
`the destination group or in the same order relative to other
`datagrams.
`IP Ro•ter A computer connected to a multiple physical
`TCP/IP networks that can route or deliver IP packets between
`networks. See also Gateway.
`IP Sflurlty See IPsec.
`IP Spoof! .. An anack whereby a system anempts to illicit·
`ly impersonate another system by using its IP network
`address. See IP, IP Address and IP Router.
`IP S.IM!ot All devices which share the same network
`address. Routers are boundaries between subnets so each
`connection to a router has a diHerent network address.
`IP Swhchl .. A term coined by lpsilon Networks to describe
`a new class of switch it developed, combining intelligent IP
`routing with high-speed ATM switching hardware in a single,
`scalable planorm. The IP switch implements the IP protocol
`stack on ATM hardware, allowing the device to dynamically
`shill between store-and-forward and cut -through switching
`based on lhe flow requirements of the traffic as defined in the
`packet header. Data flows of long duration, thereby, can be
`optimized by cut-through switching, with the balance of the
`traffic afforded the defaun ATM treatment, wtlich is hop-by·
`hop, store-and-forward routing. lpsilon suggests that first(cid:173)
`generation IP Switches can achieve rates of up to 5.3 million
`PPS (packets per second) by avoiding ATM cell segmentation
`and reassembly, ATM overhead, and ATM switch processing of
`each cell header. Clearly, one of the advantages oiiP Switching
`is the use oiiP (Internet Protocol), wtlich protocol is mature.
`well-understood, and widely deployed iiCfOSS a wide range of
`networks. Contrast with Tag Switching.
`IP TolophHy Here is Microsoft's definition. excerpted
`from their white paper on TAP I 3.0: IP Telephony is an emerg(cid:173)
`ing set of technologies that enables voice. data. and video
`collaboration over existing IP-based LANs. WANs, and the
`Internet. Specifically, IP Telephony uses open IETF and ITU
`standards to move multimedia traffic over any network that
`uses IP (the Internet Protocol). This offers users both flexibil(cid:173)
`ity in physical media (for example, POTS lines, AOSL, ISDN,
`leased lines. coaxial cable. satellite. and twisted pair) and
`flexibility of physical location. As a result, the same ubiqui(cid:173)
`tous networks lhat carry Web, e-mail and data traffic can be
`used to connect lo individuals. businesses, schools and gov(cid:173)
`ernments worldwide.
`What are the benefits of IP Telephony? IP Telephony allows
`organizations and individuals to lower the costs of existing
`services, such as voice and broadcast video, wtlile at the
`same lime broadening their means of communication to
`include modern video conferencing, application sharing, and
`whiteboarding tools. In the past, organizations have deployed
`separate networks to handle traditional voice, data, and video
`traffic. Each with different transport requirements. these net(cid:173)
`works were expensive to install, maintain, and reconfigure.
`Furthermore. since these networks were physically distinct.
`Integration was difficult if not impossible. limiting their poten(cid:173)
`tial usefulness.
`IP Telephony blends voioe. video and data by specilying a
`common transport. IP, for each, effectively collapsing three
`networks into one. The result is increased manageability,
`lower support costs, a new breed of collaboration tools, and
`Increased productivity. Possible applications for IP TelephOny
`include telecommuting, real-time document collaboration.
`
`distance learning, employee training, video conferencing
`video mail, and video on demand. See the Internet tP
`Telephony Algorithms, TAPI, TAPI3.0 and TCP/IP.
`'
`IP Toloplto•y lltorlthm• The major IP Telepho
`Algorithms in the market today (fall ol1997) according to~
`white paper, called 'IP Telephony powered by Fusion· trom
`Natural MicroSystems (www.nmss.com). include:
`• MS-GSM: This algorithm, marketed by MiCiosoft runs at
`13kbps and is a derivative of the ITU (International
`Telecommunications Union) standard GSM work. GSM is
`used in 85 countries around the world as the standard f01 dio(cid:173)
`ital cellular communications. Microsoft's implementatiOII
`varies from the standard in several ways including how the
`encoded data is represented and what aspects ol the encooer
`are supported. Natural MicroSystems provides an MS-GSM
`encoder that is compatible with MiCiosoft's Win95/WinNT
`embedded product.
`• ITU G.723.1: This algorithm runs at 6.3 or 5.4 kbps and uses
`linear predictive coding and dictionaries wtlich help Jrovide
`smoothing. The smoothing process is CPU-intensive, howev!!l
`(30Mips on an Intel Pentium), so don't expect a PC~
`implementation to work well for lots of real-time <Givity.
`• VoxWare: This is a proprietary encoder that has been burt(cid:173)
`died by Netscape with their Browser. It delivers 53:1 com(cid:173)
`pression and very low jitter. VoxWare presents very tow net·
`work bandwidth requirements; however. it also has lower
`speech quality.
`Most speech encoder algorithms have a set of rules concern·
`ing packet delivery and disposition management. This is often
`called jitter buffer management. ·Jitter' in this case reters to
`when the signal is put into frames. The decoding algorithm
`must decompress and sequence data and make 'smoothing'
`decisions (when to discard packets versus waiting for an out(cid:173)
`of-sequence packet to arrive). Given the real· time nature of a
`live connection. jitter buller management policies have a large
`affect on voice quality. Actual sound losses range from a syt·
`fable to a word, depending on how much data is in a given
`packet. The first buffer size is often a quarter-second, large
`enough to be a piece of a word or a short word- similar to
`drop-outs on a cellular connection in a poor coverage area
`I PI Intellectual Property Attorney.
`I P•clrat• Installation Package.
`.
`IPARS The International Passenger Airline Reserval1on
`System. An IBM-originated term.
`I·PASS An alliance oiiSPs (Internet Service Pr~ders) af_1d
`lAPs (Internet lvxess Providers) to provide roam10g capabt~
`ities for travelers. Based on proprietary standards. roamers
`are authenticated before being afforded Internet access: usage
`is CIOSS-billed through the I-PASS clearinghouse. w1th tees
`being set by each ISP for use of its f~ilities by _roamers.~
`PASS includes over 100 member ISPs 1n approx1male~ 1
`countries. and includes over 1,000 POPs (Points of
`Presence). I-PASS competes with GRIC (Global Reach
`Internet Connection). The IETF's Roamops work1ng grou&1~
`developing a standard for roaming, as well. See also
`and ROAMOPS.
`IPC lnterprocess Communications. A system that lets threadS
`and processes transfer data and messages amo~g litem(cid:173)
`selves· used to offer services to and rece1ve serviC8S from
`other programs. Supported fPC mechanisms under MS OS/2
`are semaphores. signals. pipes, queues. shared memory. and
`dynamic data exchange.
`by
`IPCH Initial Paging CHannel is the channel number ~
`your cellular provider to 'page' the phones on the ,, •• ~··
`454
`
`RingCentral Ex-1015, p. 5
`RingCentral v. Estech
`IPR2021-0057 4
`
`

`

`NEWTON ' S TELECOM DICTI ONARY
`
`~ trtm 'paglll!l" referS to nobfymg a parllcUiar Jmnf! lila ~
`liS 11 wn11mng call. AU idle. turned-on phones on a system
`1101.;or the data stream on the IPCM. Noo-wireline cellular
`camer$ use channel 0333 as the IPCH. while wueline
`provrders (those operated by a telephone company use chan-
`11110334
`IP<I see Integrated Personal Computer Interlace.
`IP<' IP Control Protocol: protocol for transporting IP traffic
`f1ffl a PPP connection
`1P0C Internet Protocol Devace Control See MGCP and
`SI!I'C)Ie Ga'.eway Control Protocol
`.. s lrtelligent Pnntet Data Stream. It\! IBM's host-IOi)rint(cid:173)
`• page descnphon protocol for printing. You Cir1 now buy
`us which let you use your present prinlet to emulate an IBM
`prllltel "I Intelligent Peripheral Equipment Northern Telecom's
`~ermtor being able to extend all the leatures of its PBX O'ler
`drstances longer than a normal extension In a building. See
`f,ber Remote.
`IHI tntemallonat Portable Equipment ldentrties A wireless
`1m
`IHM H the Product Ever Materalizes.
`IK kl t~l Program Load
`IKC lnterrallonat Private Leased Circuit.
`,,. Interruptions Per Minute or Impulses Per Minute.
`I,..G IPng IP Next Generation. Collectrve term used to
`desclrbe the elforts of the Internet Engineering Task Ioree to
`deflllll the next generation of the Internet Protocol (IP) v.ilich
`tocludes secunty measures, as well as larger IP addresses to
`!XIPe Ylrth the explosive growth ol the Internet. The were three
`m!ldt.e protocols for IPng (CATNIP, TUBA and SIPP). were
`blended into IPY6, v.ilich is in trial stages at the bme of thts
`ITt ng See IPY6.
`1P1U lnlernahonal Private NelviOI1< Sefvice. It a::tually inter(cid:173)
`r<t10113t prrvate line service and it's typiCally a clrru" from 9.6
`KM/sec up to T-1 or E-1. Domestically you would sunplycall
`rt 'Prrvate hne data service.·
`I" IPP rs the Internet Print Protocol, a collection of IETF
`standards developed through the Printer Wot1< Group,
`'IIWW pwg org, that will make It as easy to print over the
`~as d tS to print from your PC tPP uses the HTTP pro(cid:173)
`tocols to "POST" a supported MIME Page Oiscriptoo
`l.quage lie to a printet. Prinlefs are gtven 1n1eme1 address(cid:173)
`es SUCh as WWN mydoolain.COITI/i~ .. Pnnter, so they can
`be loca~ed on the lntemet.IPP has the support of all the maJOr
`Pl•nter companres including, Xerox, HP, Lexmark, IBM as well
`as Novell and Microsoft. Since lax, at a suftrcient level of
`abstraction. is ·remote printing," wot1< is under way to create
`a Fax Profrle lor IPP as well, so that IPP can duplicate the
`legal. as well as common practices ol fax transmissions.
`Rdlard Sln:key. Rshockey01x netcom.com contnbuted this
`del1rnt on. Thank you.
`IPO lnJt.al Pubhc Olle!ing. Start a COf1'llmY Some years lalel,
`1ai.e 4 lklllllc Come out a s 12. A week ~ yw stodds at
`S24 You re a success. and rich. IPOs are a•tal N1 sayrng
`"Thanlc You' to all your hatdwot1<rng employees
`IPOD tP (Internet Protocol) Phone O'ler Data. There tend to
`emulatron and dnving. The emulation
`be two varratrons -
`•POD connects directly to digital station ports on a PBX and
`emulsolates a digital PBX feature phone. The emulation iPOD
`a enables the new PC IP PBX vendors to intemperate~
`enterpnse PBXs. The clriVing rPOO dnves d1Q!!al PBX phones
`111he ana lashlon as 11 the phone were conneded d redly to
`a PBx saatoo Clrrurt card. The dnving 11'00 can enable lhe
`455
`
`new PC PBX vendln to use ex•sttllQ desi m 111 the enrs(cid:173)
`ll'ISe ~ versions ollhe 1POD prOVIde a TCP/IP rier1ace
`for .the purpose of transporiJng the VOice em call control Sig(cid:173)
`naling 3SSOCialed v.ith a PBX drgttal stJtion call over a pack(cid:173)
`et network. Protocols, DSP algonthms. densitres and drfferent
`form factors all constitute possible platform variattons.
`IPR Intellectual Property Rights
`IPRS Internet Protocol Routing Service Oelrned by Bell
`Allantrc as "a low-iXISI access seMce for lSI's Th1s serviCe
`supports basiC drat, ISDN and dediCaled reQUifernerb for
`transpareri C01118:tivity from the end-user to the ISP"
`IPS Internet Protocol Su1te.
`IPsec A collecllon oiiP secur1ty measures that ~se an
`opt ronal ttmehng protocol lor 1M IPsec st.WOrts authenll(cid:173)
`catron lhrough an "authenllcatron header'" which is used to
`venfy the validity of the origrnat•ng address in the header of
`every pacJ<et of a packet stream. An "encapsulating security
`payload" header encrypts the entire datagram. based on the
`enctyptlon algorithm chosen by the Implementer see also
`AuthentiCation. Encryption, tPv6. and Tunneling
`IPT IP Teie4lhOOY
`IPT ......, IP Telephony Galeway lmilgllll! yoo em I
`wort lor a~ whiCh has a PBX- a letephone system.
`You drat 234 to reach Harry You dral 9 and a long dlslance
`number to dtal your biggest client In Los Angeles Now imaq(cid:173)
`lne you want to call your the company's branch office 1n
`London. You dial 22. You hear a dial tone. You then piKICh in
`689. You hear another dial tone Then you punch 123 Bingo,
`the boss ol the London offiCe answers Here's Y!ili!l all those
`numbers mean. Dialing 22 dials yoo Into a PC called the IP
`Telephony Gateway, which, on the one side, IS connected to
`your PBX and on the other s1de rs connected to a dati hne
`yw COflllillY has llSween yw ott~te em your London
`olttce OlallllQ 689 is you ltlllllg the IPT Galew3y lila you
`Wi!/'11 to speak to the PBX rn your London oftrce Oia'•no 123
`tells the London PBX to drat extensron 123
`Thai connection between your PBX and your London off~te\1
`PBX mlghl be anything from a dedicated prrvale data line (e.g.
`part ol your company's Intranet). to a virtual clrruil on a
`Vlrtual Private Network (VPN) or rt mrght be the public
`lnterr-et The IPT ~ majOr lunctton IS to convert the
`analog Y01C8 corlllng oul ol Y0t1 PBX Into VoiP (VOice over
`tn~errWJt Protocol) em then send • on a pacQt s. rk:h!d c111a
`Circuit which conforms 1o the I~ In shcll1. an IPT Galeway
`allows use1$ lo use the Internet (or most I kely 4rl trmnet or
`Vrrtual Prrvate Network) to talk with remote sites us1ng (Voice
`over Internet ProtocOl).
`IPTC On April30, 1998, Encsson InC released a press release
`which contained. inter alia. 'Encsson Inc has developed a new
`tP telephony platfonn called Internet Telephony Sofutronlor
`Gafners (IPTC) lila ra1ses the standard lor IP lelepllorrf sys(cid:173)
`IPTC olfefs Jilone4o-phone. lax·to-lax nl PC-Io(cid:173)
`tems
`phone seMC8S over a TCPIIP networ1c. k prov'rdes a~
`operahons nl ~ (o&MI facl ty tt.l rll(M!SIP tele(cid:173)
`phony to a 1M Gmif~ COIJI'IUli(2IOO syslem. IPTC
`wor1cs by tahlQ phone em lax calls N OOQINie 11 Ole Plb(cid:173)
`lic SWitched telephony neiWOrk (PSTN) and JZSI!lQ them to
`the IPTC ptarorm. which cames them over the TCP~P netwot1<
`to their destination v.ilere they are led bade to the PSTN net(cid:173)
`work PC-to-phone calls are taken d11edly lrom the TCP~P
`neiWOrk 300 carried to their deslrnauon 111 the Saflle way IPTC
`software fillS on rWstry stllliWd ~ tta 11e based on
`Intel PsWn p-ocessors nl Mcosoll Wn:kMS NLIPTC
`U3eS a WeiKJised nalajjtlrll!l• pr~ to I.Cid* n con-
`
`~
`
`RingCentral Ex-1015, p. 6
`RingCentral v. Estech
`IPR2021-0057 4
`
`

`

`NEWTON 'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`
`Colporal1on. it equates to appromlalety 1,500 addresses per
`trot rrufttple gateways. No looger is rt neceswy to change lhe
`square angstrom, with an angstrom be1ng one ten-mllli<Wt!
`parameters in indivtdual gateways when IPTC CCWl u~e all
`of a millimeter. Another way of looking at this Is thall1"16
`gateways within a network through one "netkeepef" applica·
`yields about 32 addresses per square inch of dry land on tl1e
`lions program. The call and traffic control for individual gate(cid:173)
`earth's surface- in othef words, we are not likely to run Oli
`'WfS in a network is handled by sitekeepefs The sitekEepers
`of 1Pv6 addresses. (Donl be surprised to see your telephcre
`connect to lhe netkeeper, which acts as a su1Qie point of con(cid:173)
`assigned an IP address tn the luture.)
`trol fOf llle O&M functions of lhe whole IPTC p a!Offfi The
`Autoconflguration Protocol. an rntnnsc part oi1Pv6. allows a
`nelkeeper rs not tll't'OIYed 111 the prDCeSSJilO ol calls but slllres
`deviCe to assign itseH a untque IP address ~t~1th!U t11e ner(cid:173)
`lhe ptafoon topology lnformabon. routtng conf!OIRion em
`mron ol a server. The self-ass1gned address IS based 1n pat
`alalm 1nfomlatron. ()her features irduded m the IPTC pia·
`on the un1que LAN MAC (Media Access Control) address ot
`form are least-cost routing, dynamic route allocation, multiple
`the device, which might be in the form of laptop computer.
`IP networks support, and the ability to handle validated and
`This leature allows the user the same fuii1Pv6 capability When
`un-validated traffic. Real-time billing with fraud prevention and
`on the road as he m1ght enJOY in the office when the~ IS
`call d\Jialion ~ICe wtlh 1nt~ated voice response softwMe is
`Inserted IntO a !AN-attached 00c(lnQ sla!IOil. 1Pv6 SliCUrtly 1$
`also provided ••
`provtded in several 'WfS Da!a 1ntegrrty and user a.c11ertQ.
`IPU lnefligent Processing Unit. ArQher ~ ol sayrng CPU.
`See CPU. Also Intelligent Peripheral UnH, the hardware asro(cid:173)
`tioo are provided by any of a number of atihen!IC3!101l
`schemes. Second, the Encapsulatrng Serurity Payload leature
`cial!d Wlth an intelligent peripheral. Also Alcatel~ parlance for
`provides for confidenliallty of data through encryptloo alger
`an actual workstation that~ associated mostly with one ot
`rlthms such as DES (Data Encryption Standard). Se...eral dif·
`Alcalel's applications called the local applications platform or
`ferent types of 1Pv6 addresses support var1ous types of com(cid:173)
`LAP and a software applicatioos package called the mooilor
`munications. Unicasl supports point-to-point transmrSSIOII,
`reset controller-2 or MRC-2. In short, everyone is using IPU
`Anycasl allows communrcatioos Y.lth the closes! member d a
`to mean whaleYeJ cool thing they want tllo mean. Certainly
`device gr~. and MultiCaSt supports commontCatiOilS
`sooods cool.
`multrple members of a deviCe group
`lh4 Internet Protocol Verston 4. The current vers1011 ollhe
`!PI Internet Packet eXchange Novell NeiWare~ natrve LAN
`Internet Protocol, which Is the fundamental protocol on which
`communications protocol, used to move data between server
`the Internet is based. Although its roots are in lhe initial
`and/or workstation programs running on different network
`developmenl work lor ARPAnet, 1Pv4 was first formalized as a
`nodes. IPX packets are encapsulated and earned by the pack·
`standard in 1981. Sioce that hme, H has been widely deployed
`ets used rn Ethernet and the Stmrlar frames used rn Tolifn(cid:173)
`In all vanely ol data necworks, including LANs and LAN Inter(cid:173)
`networts. Whrle 1Pv4 served rts purpose fOf some 25 years, it
`Ring networks. IPX supports padlet sizes up to 64 b)1eS
`Novetl~ NCP and SPX both use IPX. See also IPX COM
`has lately proved to be 1~e. largely In terms of secun(cid:173)
`IPI Autodlscowery The ab1iity of a network manager m
`ty and limitations ollhe address field The address f1eld is
`d1scover the node address and functiooallty of netwoa
`limited to 32 bits; although 2to the 32nd power IS a very large
`number, we are running out of IP addresses just as we have
`dev1ces.
`IPX/SPX (Internetwork Packet
`run out of 800 numbers and traditional area codes Hence. the
`IPX.COM The Novell
`eXchange/Sequenced Packet eXchange) communication pro(cid:173)
`development of 1Pv6. See IP
`tocol thai creates maintains and termrnales connedtons
`lhS intemet Protocol Verston 5.1Pv5 IS not exactly a miss(cid:173)
`between networ!( devices (worl<slaltons. file servers rOiiln.
`rng hnk, although .t mtght appear so Ralher. IPvS was
`etc.). IPX.COM uses a LAN dnver rout111e to control them(cid:173)
`asstgned to ST2, lntlimel Stream Protocol Vers100 2 whiCh is
`hon·s network board and address and to route outgotng dal3
`documented 1n RFC 1819. ST2 is an experiiTlelltal protocol
`packets for delivery on the network. IPX/SPX reads tile
`developed as an adjunct to IP for support of real-time trans(cid:173)
`assigned addresses of returning data and directs the data to
`port of multimedia data. See IP and 1Pv6.
`the proper area within a workstation~ shell or the file server's
`IPY6 Internet Protocol Version 6. The new proposed Internet
`opera1ng system. See also Nelwale.
`Prctocol designed to replace and enhance the present prot~r
`IPI/SPI Intemetwork Packet Exl:hange/Sequenced ~
`col whiCh is called TCP/IP or offiCially 1Pv4 1Pv6 has 128-b~
`Exchange. Two networ!( protocols IPX IS Ne!Ware protoccl D
`address1ng, auto configuration, new seQJ!rty features and
`movrng mformation cw:ross the network: SPX workS on top of
`supports real-time convnunicahons and multicastrng 1Pv6 IS
`IPX and ~ds extra commands. In the OSI model. IPX COO'
`descnbed in RFC f752, The Recommendation for IP Next
`forms to the network layer and SPX 1s the transport layel
`Generation Protocol, Including the strengths and weaknesses
`IPICP IPX Control Protocol; protocol for transporting IPX
`of each of the proposed prctocols which were blended to form
`traffic over a PPP connection
`the final proposed solution. N. the lime ol this writing, tPv6 is
`standardized, but net widely deployed II requ;res upgrm
`IPIWU A Novell specrftcahon deScribing the protocol to
`be used tor exclmgtng router-to-r DUB informal ton to Matte
`thai are expensrie They wiU be 1011<-hft upgrades II\ rrmy
`the transmiSSion ol NO\'eliiPX dala traffiC cw:ross WAH (Wile
`cases Therefore, 1Pv6rs being deployed pretty rruch only in
`the Nex!Gen camer networks. which are being bui~ from lhe
`Area Network) linf<s.
`II 1. Infrared. The band of electromagnetiC wavelen9lfl$
`ground up. 1Pv6 offers 128-bit addressmg, auto configura(cid:173)
`between the extreme of the visible part of the spectrum (abOii
`tion, new security features and supports real-lime communi(cid:173)
`0 75 um) and the shortest microwaves (ab0ut1 00 um.l.:.......
`cations and multicasting. The 128-bil addressing scheme will
`relieve pressure on the current 32-bit scheme, which is near(cid:173)
`2 Internet Reg1stry. See also Internet Assigned N .. , .....
`ly exhausted due to the widespread use of IP rn the Internet
`Authonty
`IIWI Intelhgent RAM The idea IS to put a miCfliPI,~
`and a Wde vanely of LAN, MAN and WAN networ1ts Clearly,
`rnto a memory chip -a move that dramatically., .......
`2 to the 128th power IS a 0008 number )'leld1ng a slaogering
`oomber of IP addresses According to Mark Miller of Diginet
`computer performance
`456
`
`~
`RingCentral Ex-1 015, p. 7
`RingCentral v. Estech
`IPR2021-00574
`
`

`

`NEWTON 'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`
`829
`
`RingCentral Ex-1 015, p. 8
`RingCentral v. Estech
`IPR2021-0057 4
`
`

`

`NEWTON'S TElECOM DICTIONARY
`
`RingCentral Ex-1015, p. 9
`RingCentral v. Estech
`IPR2021-0057 4
`
`

`

`method of the
`
`CCEE:~=~:‘~~
`NEWTON’S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`are four major components to TAPI 3.0:
`Objects on a machine (for
`\
`example, networkcards, modems,
`asISDN lines),
`(for
`1 7AP13.0 COM API
`ver
`toe Service Providers
`. Enumerate the supported addresstypesof each Addr
`
`object (forexample, aphone number, aides and so y
`1 Media Stream Providers
`Wi
`4. Choose an Address object based on
`queries
`fo
`for support for
`JOTESS
`OD/e
`queries
`to TAP! 2.1, the TAPI 3.0 APIis implemented as a
`appropriate media (audio, video, and so on) and address types.
`aie of Component Object Model (COM) objects. Moving
`5. Use the CreateCall() method of the Address object to cre-
`ipl to the object-oriented COM model allows component
`ate a Call object associated with a particular address.
`es of TAPIfeatures. It also allows developers to write
`’ oroe Temionhe Call object.
`jPenabled applications in any language, such as Java,
`Call object
`to
`C4
`.
`jonnect()
`To Answera Call:
`ra peenoed.
`visual Basic, or C/C++. The TAPI Server process
`MPISRV-EXE) abstracts the TSPI
`(TAPI Service Provider
`1. Create and initialize a TAPI object.
`inertace) from TAP! 3.0 and TAPI 2.1, allowing TAPI 2.1
`2. Use the TAPI object to enumerate all available Address
`TeohonyService Providers to be used with TAPI3.0, main-
`objects on a machine (for example, network cards, modems,
`ining the internal state of TAPI. Telephony Service Providers
`and ISONlines).
`(ISPs) are responsible for resolving the protocol-indepen-
`3. Enumerate the supported address types of each Address
`dent call model of TAP!
`into protocol-specific call contro!
`object (e.g. a phone number, IP address,etc.).
`mechanisms. TAPI 3.0 provides backward compatibility with
`4. Choose an Address object based on queries fo