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`INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
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`DOCUMENT MADE AVAILABLE UNDER THE
`PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT)
`PCT /US2017 /032069
`International application number:
`
`International filing date:
`
`11 May 2017 (11.05.2017)
`
`Document type:
`
`Document details:
`
`Certified copy of priority document
`
`Country/Office:
`Number:
`Filing date:
`
`us
`62/400,810
`28 September 2016 (28.09.2016)
`
`Date of receipt at the International Bureau:
`
`21 May 2017 (21.05.2017)
`
`Remark: Priority document submitted or transmitted to the International Bureau in compliance with Rule
`17.1(a),(b) or (b-bis)
`
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`United States Patent and Trademark {)i'i’iec
`
`May 20, 2017
`
`THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT ANNEXED HERETO IS A TRUE COPY FROM
`THE RECORDS OF THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK
`OFFICE OF THOSE PAPERS OF THE BELOW IDENTIFIED PATENT
`APPLICATION THAT MET THE REQUIREMENTS TO BE GRANTED A
`FILING DATE.
`
`APPLICATION NUMBER: 62/400,810
`FILING DATE: September 28, 2016
`RELATED PCT APPLICATION NUMBER: PCT/USI 7/32069
`
`THE COUNTRY CODE AND NUMBER OF YOUR PRIORITY
`
`APPLICATION, TO BE USED FOR FILING ABROAD UNDER THE PARIS
`CONVENTION, IS US62/400,810
`
` \\\ _
`
`(Tcrlifietl by
`
`
`
`{Sndtr Secretary (H'Ct)mmtrm
`fur hmileclual Pmpert’y
`and Director ui‘ the United States
`Patent and Trademark Office
`
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`PTO/AIA/14(11-15)
`Approved f0< uoe through 04/30/2017. 0MB 065Hl032
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`Under the Pape,work Reduction Act of 1995. no persons are required to respond to a collection of infofmalion unless it conlains a valid 0 MB control numbff.
`
`Application Data Sheet 37 CFR 1.76
`Title of Invention I DISTRIBUTED CONTROL IN WIRELESS SYSTEMS
`
`Application Number
`
`Attorney Docket Number
`
`IL TE_ 13305US01
`
`The application data sheet is part of the provisional or nonprovisional application for wtlich it is being submitted. The following form contains the
`bibliographic data arranged in a format specified by the United States Patent and Trademar1< Office as outlined in 37 CFR 1.76.
`This document may be completed electronically and submilled to the Office in electronic format using the Electronic Fiing System (EFS) or the
`document may be printed and included in a paper filed application.
`
`Secrecy Order 37 CFR 5.2:
`D Portions or all of the application associated with this Application Data Sheet may fall under a Secrecy Order pursuant to
`37 CFR 5.2 (Paper filers only. Applications that fall under Secrecy Order may not be filed electronically.)
`
`Inventor Information:
`~
`Inventor
`Legal Name
`
`Middle Name
`Prefix Given Name
`I
`I I· fl'ugeswar
`Residence Information (Select One)
`l<ing of Prussia
`I State/Province I t='A
`City
`
`• US Residency
`
`Mailing Address of Inventor:
`
`Address 1
`
`~001 E. Hector St.
`
`I Remove I
`
`Family Name
`J:>eenoo
`Non US Residency
`
`I Country of Residencd I 1-Js
`
`Active US Military Service
`
`Address 2
`I J:onshohocken
`City
`Postal Code
`Inventor ~
`Legal Name
`
`Suite 300
`
`1119428
`
`I State/Province
`I Country i
`1 ~s
`
`I f A
`
`I Remove I
`
`Suffix
`I I·
`
`Suffix
`I I·
`I
`
`Middle Name
`Prefix Given Name
`I
`I I· f:,hyslain
`Residence Information (Select One) 0 US Residency
`City
`l lcountry of Residence i
`~ ntreal
`
`• Non US Residency
`
`Family Name
`
`t elletier
`
`Active US Military Service
`
`l~A
`
`Mailing Address of Inventor:
`
`Address 1
`
`~000 Sherbrooke Street West
`
`10th Floor
`
`I ,..3A 3G4
`
`Address 2
`I ~ ontreal
`City
`Postal Code
`
`Inventor 6
`
`Legal Name
`
`Prefix Given Name
`I I· ting Hsuan
`
`EFS Web 2.2.12
`
`I State/Province
`I F A
`I
`Country i
`
`I pc
`
`I
`
`Remove I
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`Middle Name
`I
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`Family Name
`lfan
`
`Suffix
`I I·
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`PTO/ AIA/14(11-15)
`Approved f0< uoe through 04/30/2017. 0MB 065H l032
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`Under the Pape,work Reduction Act o f 1995. no pen;ons are required to respond to a collection of Wcrmation unless it conlains a valid 0 MB control number.
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`Application Data Sheet 37 CFR 1.76
`Title of In vention I DISTRIBUTED CONTROL IN W IRELESS SYST EMS
`
`Application N umber
`
`A ttorne y Docket Number
`
`IL TE_ 13305US01
`
`Residence Information (Select One) 0 US Residency @ Non US Residency
`City
`l lcoun try of Residence i
`l~
`ntreal
`
`Active US Military Serv ice
`
`l~A
`
`I
`
`Mailing Address of Inventor:
`
`Address 1
`
`~000 Sherbrooke Street West
`
`1oth Floor
`
`Address 2
`
`I t,1ontreal
`City
`Postal Code
`
`I State/Province
`I ,..3A 3G4
`I FA
`I Country i
`A ll Inventors M ust Be Listed - Additional Invento r In formation b locks may be
`generated w ithin th is form by selecting the Add button.
`
`I pc
`
`I Add I
`
`Correspondence Information:
`Enter either Customer Number or complete the Correspondence Information section below.
`For further information see 37 CFR 1.33(a).
`D An Address is being provided for the correspondence Information of this applic ation.
`Cus tomer Number
`15800
`
`Email Address
`
`Application Information:
`
`I I AddEmall I
`
`I Remove Emal I
`
`Title of the Invention
`
`Attorney Docket Number
`
`DISTRIBUTED CONTROL IN WIRELESS SYSTEMS
`I Small Entity Status Claimed
`
`ILT E_ 13305US01
`
`(cid:143)
`
`Application Type
`
`Subject Matter
`
`Provisional
`
`Utility
`
`Total Number of Drawing Sheets (if any)
`Filing By Reference:
`Only complet e this section when filing an application by reference under 35 U.S.C. 11 l(c) and 37 CFR 157(a). Do not complete this section if
`application papers including a specification and any drawing s are being filed. Any domestic benefit or foreign priority information must be
`pro vided in the appropriate section(s) below (i.e., "Domestic BenefiVNational Stage Informa tion" and *Foreign Priority Information").
`
`I~
`
`I Suggested Figure for Publication (if any) 11
`
`..
`..
`
`For the purposes of a fili ng date under 37 CFR 1.53(b), the d escription and any drawings ofthe present application are replaced by th is
`reference to the previously filed appl ication, subject to conditions and requirements of 3 7 CFR 1.57(a).
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`Filing date (YYYY-MM-0D)
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`Intellectual Prop erty Authority or Country
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`I
`
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`filed application
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`I
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`PTO/AIA/14(11-15)
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`Under the Pape,work Reduction Act of 1995. no pen;ons are required to respond to a collection of Wcrmation unless it conlains a valid 0 MB control number.
`
`Application Data Sheet 37 CFR 1.76
`Title of Invention I DISTRIBUTED CONTROL IN WIRELESS SYSTEMS
`
`Application Number
`
`Attorney Docket Number
`
`IL TE_ 13305US01
`
`Publication Information:
`D Request Early Publication (Fee required at time o f Request 37 C FR 1.219)
`Request Not to Publish. I hereby request that the attached application not be published under
`D 35 U.S.C. 122(b) and certify that the invention disclosed in the attached application has not and will not be the
`subject of an application filed in another country, or under a multilateral international agreement, that requires
`publication at eighteen months after filing.
`
`Representative Information:
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`Representative information should be provided for all practitioners having a power of attorney in the application. Providing
`this information in the Application Data Sheet does not constitute a power of attorney in the application {see 37 CFR 1.32).
`Either enter Customer Number or complete the Representative Name section below. If both sections are completed the customer
`Number will be used for the Representative Information during processing.
`
`Please Select One:
`
`• Customer Number
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`I
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`US Patent Practitioner I O Limited Recognition (37 CFR 11 .9)
`
`Customer Number
`
`~ 5800
`
`Domestic Benefit/National Stage Information:
`This section allows for the applicant to either claim benefit under 35 U.S .C. 119(e), 120, 121, 365(c), or 386(c) or indicate
`National Stage entry from a PCT application. Providing benefit claim information in the Application Data Sheet constitutes
`the specific reference requ ired by 35 U .S.C. 119(e) or 120, and 37 CFR 1.78.
`When referring to the current application, please leave the "Application Number" field blan k.
`I·
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`Prior Application Status I
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`by selecting the Add button.
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`This seclion allows for the applicant to claim priority to a foreign application. Providing this information in the application data sheet
`constitutes the claim for priority as reqlired by 35 U.S.C. 119(b) and 37 CFR 1.55. When priority is daimed to a foreign application
`that is eligible for retrieval under the priority document exchange program (PDX)i the information will be used by the Office to
`automatically attempt retrieval pursuant to 37 CFR 1.55(i)(1) and (2). Under the POX program, applicant bears the ultimate
`responsibility for ensuring that a copy of the foreign application is received by the Office from the participating foreign intellectual
`property office, or a certified copy of the foreign priority application is filed, within the lime period specified in 37 CFR 1.55(g)(1 ).
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`PTOIAIN14 (11-15)
`Approved for use through 04/30/2017. 0MB 0651-0032
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`Under !he Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are required to respond to a collection of information unless it contains a valid 0MB control number.
`
`Application Data Sheet 37 CFR 1. 76
`Title of Invention I DISTRIBUTED CONTROL IN WIRELESS SYSTEMS
`
`Application Number
`
`Attorney Docket Number
`
`IL TE_ 13305US01
`
`Application Number
`
`Filing Date (YYYY-MM-DD)
`I
`I
`I
`Additional Foreign Priority Data may be generated within this form by selecting the
`Add button.
`
`Countryi
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`Access Codei (if applicable)
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`Statement under 37 CFR 1.55 or 1.78 for AIA (First Inventor to File) Transition
`Applications
`
`This application (1) claims priority to or the benefit of an application filed before March 16, 2013 and (2) also
`contains, or contained at any time, a claim to a claimed invention that has an effective filing date on or after March
`0 16, 2013.
`NOTE: By providing this statement under 37 CFR 1.55 or 1. 78, this application, with a filing date on or after March
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`PTOIAIN14 (11-15)
`Approved for use through 04/30/2017. 0MB 0651-0032
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`Under !he Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are required to respond to a collection of information unless it contains a valid 0MB control number.
`
`Application Data Sheet 37 CFR 1. 76
`Title of Invention I DISTRIBUTED CONTROL IN WIRELESS SYSTEMS
`
`Application Number
`
`Attorney Docket Number
`
`IL TE_ 13305US01
`
`Authorization or Opt-Out of Authorization to Permit Access:
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`When this Application Data Sheet is properly signed and filed with the application, applicant has provided written
`authority to permit a participating foreign intellectual property (IP) office access to the instant application-as-filed (see
`paragraph A in subsection 1 below) and the European Patent Office (EPO) access to any search results from the instant
`application (see paragraph Bin subsection 1 below).
`
`Should applicant choose not to provide an authorization identified in subsection 1 below, applicant must opt-out of the
`authorization by checking the corresponding box A or B or both in subsection 2 below.
`
`NOTE: This section of the Application Data Sheet is ONLY reviewed and processed with the INITIAL filing of an
`application. After the initial filing of an application, an Application Data Sheet cannot be used to provide or rescind
`authorization for access by a foreign IP office(s). Instead, Form PTO/SB/39 or PTO/SB/69 must be used as appropriate.
`
`1. Authorization to Permit Access by a Foreign Intellectual Property Office(s)
`
`A. Priority Document Exchange (PDX) - Unless box A in subsection 2 (opt-out of authorization) is checked, the
`undersigned hereby grants the USPTO authority to provide the European Patent Office (EPO), the Japan Patent Office
`(JPO), the Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO), the State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of
`China (SIPO), the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), and any other foreign intellectual property office
`participating with the USPTO in a bilateral or multilateral priority document exchange agreement in which a foreign
`application claiming priority to the instant patent application is filed, access to: (1) the instant patent application-as-filed
`and its related bibliographic data, (2) any foreign or domestic application to which priority or benefit is claimed by the
`instant application and its related bibliographic data, and (3) the date of filing of this Authorization. See 37 CFR 1.14(h)
`(1 ).
`
`B. Search Results from U.S. Application to EPO - Unless box Bin subsection 2 (opt-out of authorization) is checked,
`the undersigned hereby grants the USPTO authority to provide the EPO access to the bibliographic data and search
`results from the instant patent application when a European patent application claiming priority to the instant patent
`application is filed. See 37 CFR 1.14(h)(2).
`
`The applicant is reminded that the EPO's Rule 141(1) EPC (European Patent Convention) requires applicants to submit a
`copy of search results from the instant application without delay in a European patent application that claims priority to
`the instant application.
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`2. Opt-Out of Authorizations to Permit Access by a Foreign Intellectual Property Office(s)
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`NOTE: Once the application has published or is otherwise publicly available, the USPTO may provide access to the
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`PTO/AIA/14(11-15)
`Approved f0< uoe through 04/30/2017. 0MB 065Hl032
`U .S. Patent and Trademark Office; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`Under the Pape,work Reduction Act of 1995. no pen;ons are required to respond to a collection of Wcrmation unless it conlains a valid 0 MB control number.
`
`Application Data Sheet 37 CFR 1.76
`Title of Invention I DISTRIBUTED CONTROL IN WIRELESS SYSTEMS
`
`Application Number
`
`Attorney Docket Number
`
`IL TE_ 13305US01
`
`Applicant Information:
`
`Providing assignment information in this section does not substitute for compliance with any requirement of part 3 of Title 37 of CFR
`to have an assignment recorded by the Office.
`
`Applicant ~
`
`I Remove I
`
`If the applicant is the inventor (or the remaining joint inventor or inventors under 37 CFR 1.45), this section should not be completed.
`The information to be provided in this section is the name and address of the legal representative who is the applicant under 37 CFR
`1.43; or the name and address or the assignee, person to whom the inventor is ooder an obligation to assign the invention, or person
`who otherwise shows sufficient proprietary interest in the matter who is the applicant under 37 CFR 1.46. If the applicant is an
`applicant mder 37 CFR 1.46 {assignee, person to whom the inventor is obligated to assign, or person who otherwise shows sufficient
`proprietary interest) together with one or more joint inventors. then the joint inventor or inventors who are also the applicant should be
`identified in this section.
`
`Assignee
`
`Legal Representative ooder 35 U.S.C. 117
`
`I
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`Clear
`
`I
`I Joint Inventor
`
`I
`• Person to whom the inventor is obligated to assign .
`
`I
`
`Person who shows sufficient proprietary interest
`
`If applicant is the legal representative, indicate the authority to file the patent application, the inventor is:
`
`Name of the Deceased or Legally Incapacitated Inventor: I
`~
`
`If the Applicant is an O rganization check here.
`
`Organization Name I t DAc HOLDINGS. 1Nc.
`
`H
`
`Mailing Address Information For Applicant:
`
`200 Bellevue Parkway
`
`$uite 300
`
`Nilmington
`
`Address 1
`
`Address 2
`
`City
`Country 11-Js
`Phone Number
`
`Email Address
`
`State/Province
`
`Postal Code
`
`Fax Number
`
`PE
`19809
`
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`Providing assignment information in this section does not substitute for compliance with any requireme nt of part 3 of Title
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`PTO/ AIA/14(11-15)
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`U .S. Patent and Trademark Office; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`Under the Pape,work Reduction Act o f 1995. no pen;ons are required to respond to a collection of Wcrmation unless it conlains a valid 0 MB control number.
`
`Application Data Sheet 37 CFR 1.76
`Title of Invention I DISTRIBUTED CONTROL IN WIRELESS SYSTEMS
`
`Application Number
`
`Attorney Docket Number
`
`IL TE_ 13305US01
`
`Assignee ~
`
`Complete this section if assignee information. including non-applicant assignee information. is desired to be included on the patent
`application publication. An assignee-applicant identified in the "Applicant Information" section will appear on the patent application
`publication as an applicant. For an assignee-applicant, complete this section only if identification as an assignee is also desired on the
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`Organization Name
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`If the Assignee or Non-Applicant Assignee is an Organization check here.
`I I DAC HOLDINGS, INC.
`Mailing Address Informat ion Fo r Assignee including Non-Applicant Assignee:
`
`' 00 Bellevue Parkway
`
`$uite 300
`
`11
`Wilmington
`
`Address 1
`
`Address 2
`
`City
`
`Countryi
`
`I t.Js
`
`Phone Number
`
`Email Address
`
`State/Province
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`Postal Code
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`PE
`
`~9809
`
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`Signature:
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`subsection 2 of the "Authorization or Opt-Out of Authorization to Permit Access" section, then this form must
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`This Application Data Sheet ~ be signed by a patent practitioner if one or more of the applicants is a juristic
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`See 37 CFR 1.4(d) for the manner of making signatures and certifications.
`
`Remove
`
`Signature Michael Bonella/
`
`Date (YYYY-MM-DD) 2016-09-28
`
`First Name
`
`~ ichael
`
`I Last Name I ~onella
`
`Additional Signature may be generated within this form by selecting the Add button.
`
`Registration Number
`41,628
`I
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`PTOIAIN14 (11-15)
`Approved for use through 04/30/2017. 0MB 0651-0032
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`Under !he Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are required to respond to a collection of information unless it contains a valid 0MB control number.
`
`Application Data Sheet 37 CFR 1. 76
`Title of Invention I DISTRIBUTED CONTROL IN WIRELESS SYSTEMS
`
`Application Number
`
`Attorney Docket Number
`
`IL TE_ 13305US01
`
`This collection of information is required by 37 CFR 1.76. The information is required to obtain or retain a benefit by the public which
`is to file (and by the USPTO to process) an application. Confidentiality is governed by 35 U.S.C. 122 and 37 CFR 1.14. This
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`EFS Web 2.2.12
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`ILTE 13305US01
`
`DISTRIBUTED CONTROL IN WIRELESS SYSTEMS
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`[0001] Mobile communications continue to evolve. A fifth generation may be referred to as
`
`5G. A previous (legacy) generation of mobile communication may be, for example, fourth
`
`generation ( 4G) long term evolution (L TE).
`
`SUMMARY
`
`[0002]
`
`Systems, procedures, and instrumentalities (e.g., aspects of entities, interfaces and
`
`procedures in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and/or network layers Ll, L2, 13) are
`
`disclosed for distributed control in wireless systems, such as 5G flexible radio access technology
`
`(RAT) (5gFLEX). Example procedures are provided for WTRU and network operation
`
`associated with a distributed control plane architecture, connectionless data transfer and
`
`dedicated system information acquisition. Distributed control may be provided, for example, by
`
`replicating a plurality of access control functions (ACFs) using a plurality of instances in a
`
`plurality of different transmission/reception points (TRPs) with multi-connectivity. The plurality
`
`of TRPs may concurrently provide control services to a WTRU. Centralized control functions
`
`may manage core network connectivity and a plurality of user plane instances for the WTRU and
`
`may facilitate coordination between the plurality of ACF instances for the WTRU in the plurality
`
`of different TRPs of the WTRU's configuration. For example, there may be a first access plane
`
`between the WTRU and a first TRP that provides a first ACF for the WTRU, a second access
`
`plane between the WTRU and a second TRP that provides a second ACF for the WTRU, a RAN
`
`central control plane between the WTRU and a first RAN central control function (RCCF) and a
`
`RAN central user plane between the WTRU and a RAN central user function (RCUF).
`
`[0003]
`
`A WTRU may use assistance information for beamformed system information
`
`delivery. Assistance information may be determined and/or transmitted.
`
`[0004]
`
`A WTRU may determine when to apply and/or activate on-demand system
`
`information.
`
`- 1 -
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`ILTE 13305US01
`
`[0005]
`
`A WTRU may determine when to delete and/or deactivate on-demand system
`
`information.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`l0006J
`
`FIG. IA is a system diagram of an example communications system in which one or
`
`more disclosed embodiments may be implemented.
`
`[0007]
`
`FIG. 1B is a system diagram of an example WTRU that may be used within the
`
`communications system illustrated in FIG. lA.
`
`[0008]
`
`FIG. 1 C is a system diagram of an example radio access network and an example core
`
`network that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. lA.
`
`[0009]
`
`FIG. 1D is a system diagram of another example radio access network and another
`
`example core network that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. lA.
`
`[0010]
`
`FIG. lE is a system diagram of another example radio access network and another
`
`example core network that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. lA.
`
`[0011]
`
`[0012]
`
`[0013]
`
`[0014]
`
`FIG. 2 is an example of transmission bandwidths.
`
`FIG. 3 is an example of flexible spectrum allocation.
`
`FIG. 4 is an example of types of assistance modes.
`
`FIG. 5 is an example of tri-plane architecture.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`[0015]
`
`A detailed description of illustrative embodiments will now be described with
`
`reference to the various Figures. Although this description provides a detailed example of
`
`possible implementations, it should be noted that the details are intended to be exemplary and in
`
`no way limit the scope of the application.
`
`[0016]
`
`FIG. lA is a diagram of an example communications system 100 in which one or
`
`more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communications system l 00 may be a
`
`multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast,
`
`etc., to multiple wireless users. The communications system 100 may enable multiple wireless
`
`users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless
`
`bandwidth. For example, the communications system 100 may employ one or more channel
`
`access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access
`
`- 2 -
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`ILTE 13305US01
`
`(TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single(cid:173)
`
`carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), and the like.
`
`ro0171
`
`As shown in FIG. lA, the communications system 100 may include wireless
`
`transmit/receive units (WTRUs), e.g., WTRUs, 102a, 102b, 102c, and/or 102d (which generally
`
`or collectively may be referred to as WTRU 102), a radio access network (RAN) 103/104/105, a
`
`core network 106/107 /109, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110,
`
`and other networks 112, though it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments
`
`contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and/or network elements. Each of
`
`the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and/or
`
`communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRU s 102a, 102b, 102c,
`
`102d may be configured to transmit and/or receive wireless signals and may include user
`
`equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a pager, a cellular telephone,
`
`a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a
`
`wireless sensor, consumer electronics, and the like.
`
`[0018]
`
`The communications system 100 may also include a base station 114a and a base
`
`station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to
`
`wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to
`
`one or more communication networks, such as the core network 106/107/109, the Internet 110,
`
`and/or the networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base
`
`transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B, an eNode B, a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a site
`
`controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a,
`
`114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a,
`
`114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and/or network elements.
`
`[0019]
`
`The base station 114a may be p