(19) United States
`(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0119773 A1
`
` Davis (43) Pub. Date: May 16, 2013
`
`
`US 20130119773A1
`
`(54) SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INDUCTION
`CHARGING WITH A CLOSED MAGNETIC
`LOOP
`
`(75)
`
`Inventor: Roy Howard Davis, Del Mar, CA (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: QUALCOMM Incorporated, San
`Diego, CA (US)
`
`(21) Appl.No.: 13/427,726
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Mar. 22, 2012
`
`Related U S Application Data
`'
`'
`(60) Provisional application No. 61/560,135, filed on Nov.
`15, 2011.
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`HOZJI7/00
`(52) US. Cl.
`USPC .......................................................... 307/104
`
`(2006.01)
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`Systems, methods, and computer program products for
`induction charging with a closed magnetic loop are described
`herein. In one aspect, an apparatus for wireless power trans-
`mission comprises a plurality of coplanar coils, each of the
`plurality of coplanar coils configured to be individually ener-
`gized and produce a magnetic field. Further, the controller is
`configured to reverse polarity of the magnetic field of at least
`one of the plurality of coplanar coils based on a measure of
`coupling between coils and to select at least two of the plu-
`rality of coplanar coils for wireless power transmission based
`on the measure of coupling between coils.
`
`
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-OO472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 1
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 1
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 16, 2013 Sheet 1 0f 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-00472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 2
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 2
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 16, 2013 Sheet 2 0f 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`
`
`1
`
`Oscifliator
`
`PA
`
`Filter
`
`Matching
`Circuit
`
`________________________________________________________
`
`
`MM; ”””””
`Prpcessar—
`.
`, Ssgnaizng ~
`Commiier
`
`
`Cloaking-i..§.Q§.:X......
`_.
`_,
`
`E
`
`
` Sigmafiingfigg V
`
`
`E
`Rxnchiv 5:2""""""""""""
`“““““““““““““““““““““““ ‘
`
`Chargng
`evice
`
`Fifi, 5
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-00472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 3
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 3
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`May 16, 2013 Sheet 3 of 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`08mIIIIIIIIIIIII
`
`:m
`
`
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-00472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 4
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 4
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 16, 2013 Sheet 4 0f 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`700
`
`
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-00472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 5
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 5
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 16, 2013 Sheet 5 0f 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`800
`
`
`903
`
`900
`
`902
`
`Fifi. 8
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-00472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 6
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 6
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 16, 2013 Sheet 6 0f 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`1002b
`
`1001b
`
`1000
`
`1002a
`
`1001a
`
`1004
`
`Fifi.153
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-OO472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 7
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 7
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 16, 2013 Sheet 7 0f 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`702
`
`701\
`
`1102a
`
`1102b
`
`12013
`
`1201b
`
`FEQ. 11
`
`N
`
`8
`
`Fifi. ”E2
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-00472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 8
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 8
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 16, 2013 Sheet 8 0f 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`
`
`Fifi! i3
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-00472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 9
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 9
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 16, 2013 Sheet 9 0f 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`1435
`
`Portable
`
`Device
`3—“- @Q
`
`FIG.14
`
`1412
`
`.U
`
`)
`.E
`9’m
`)
`
`cC
`
`1416
`
`1415
`
`1414
`
`1413
`
`1411
`
`1440
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-00472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 10
`
`'0
`
`mD
`
`1401
`
`1410
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 10
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 16, 2013 Sheet 10 0f 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-00472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 11
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 11
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 16, 2013 Sheet 11 0f 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-00472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 12
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 12
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 16, 2013 Sheet 12 0f 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`A
`
`1
`
`2
`
`3
`
`4
`
`s
`
`N
`
`N
`
`s
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-00472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 13
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 13
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 16, 2013 Sheet 13 0f 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`”7%
`
`
`
`
`@Q
`
`
`=¢7§u ‘@293i
`
`
`
`9
`
`
`
`
`FEG. 18
`
`@@@@m@@@@v
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-00472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 14
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 14
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 16, 2013 Sheet 14 0f 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`f—_[)aaaae
`
`«emaaae
`haaaaae
`B€€€9€
`
`HQ 1%
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-00472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 15
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 15
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`May 16, 2013 Sheet 15 of 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`...xIJ
`a”...
`
`..fll
`
`__¢II\.....¢II\_....rrllx::.¢llx
`rlllll||\_rlllllllk_rlllllllk_rllll|||.\\_
`..._...
`
`1234
`
`filwww_fr
`..r_“_"_.r
`
`
`
`...}.an...\T]...
`
`
`
`5.....3...
`
`“\WHIHmflfilnmflfilnmmu«.HHHIHmfl
`
`
`
`
`
`___________________WW»._finmm‘._fivwm_Fwnmmu
`
`“NHHIHmfl«WHHIHJMJfilnmmw.\.HHHIHfl_J.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`.rrllx...rrllx....rrllxzzrrllxzrlllk;|||\_r|||.\_f|||\_
`
`
`IIIIK||||.\||||\IIIIK
`
`IIIIK||||\
`
`“\WHIHJ...xlxnnnufl..xlxnlnufl..flnlnufl...........4....4.4.........
`
`
`
`
`......wwww.crumb........k..Emmi.
`
`Fifi“ 2%
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-00472
`
`GUI EX. 2010 Page 16
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 16
`
`
`
`

`

`maaamm
`
`magnum
`
`_‘N0.."—
`
`ééfiéfié
`
`éfiééfififi
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 17
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`May 16, 2013 Sheet 17 of 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`_
`
`_
`
`1234
`
`__rrllx_____rrllx_____rrllx____
`
`"1314_31%."mi.
`
`
`
`rlllk;Ill.\_rIll.\_r|ll.\_
`
`
`ll'|.\Il'l-\|l'l\
`
` ”Punk."_frI'll~"1fig?finmmx_rwmnmmw.
`
`"mullnflsi
`
`
`Fffllk._frl|.\
`IIIIIII:F
`ll"2".3":92.
`
`IIIK;III\
`_::_;mhflflfl
`
`__rrll__rrll.\_
`
`|l|l\_r||I\_
`
`Ill'\
`
`"when.
`_rrlIx__FINIIIO.
`
`flrflI\
`
`"flaw.5.14.4.$5.4._3kg.
`
`
`
`IllIIIIK
`_______¢.....o_"fink"Emu."
`
`ll||\
`
`H9122
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-00472
`
`GUI EX. 2010 Page 18
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 18
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`May 16, 2013 Sheet 18 of 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`(Smm
`
`03mm
`
`9SN.85%
`
`
`
`Egon
`
`mmmm
`
`wGV.bD.D.A
`
` mnw1wmm2ORGP
`
`6.7U4d0
`32
`GUI EX. 2010 Page 19
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 19
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`May 16, 2013 Sheet 19 of 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`2400
`
`Charging Pad 2405
`
`Portable Device
`
`Pulse each coil
`
` Sleep Period
`
`Response from
`Device?
`
`2410
`
`Non-charging state:
`Sense pulses,
`respond with
`
`strength
`
`Yes
`
`2425
`
`Select candidate
`
`coils from response
`
`2430
`
`Pulse candidate
`
`coils in pairs
`
`2440
`
`2435
`
`Non-charging state:
`Sense pulses,
`respond with
`
`strength
`
`Select candidate
`
`responses
`
`pair(s) from
`
`2445
`
`2450
`
`state
`
`Switch to charging
`
`Turn on power to
`
`selected pair(s)
`
`Fig! 24
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-00472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 20
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 20
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`May 16, 2013 Sheet 20 of 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`2500
`
`2501a
`
`2501 b
`
`25010
`
`2501d
`
`FEG. 25
`
`_
`
`1234
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`"79.4.4._u“3.4._u"l_"“aha.Wm._fink_”Frau._Ema
`
`”WNW.
`
`
`
`rpm
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ll]?u®%\Illflfl%\\IIIIIn.llnlull3llum_\HIIIIJJI"u.4.".@nmnfinmnfia
`
`_u_\|I44.___ffflllllkkk.
`
`
`
`2I114_fi.
`\Illl‘I
`
`fifi
`"WWW“
`__
`
`IIIIK
`
`
`
`||||.\IIIIK
`
`IIIIK
`
`_¢II\:_¢II\:_¢II\:_¢II\
`
`"Ta.“2“an“:“W4.
`
`
`f|||\_r|||\_F|||\_f|||\_
`
`_¢II\:_¢II\:_¢II\:_¢II\
`
`
`".31.“$4.4.."anew..u.3;
`
`
`r|||||||\.\_P|I|\_F|I|\_f|||\_
`
`IIIIKIII|.\IIIIK
`
`__
`
`HS. 26
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-00472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 21
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 21
`
`
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`May 16, 2013 Sheet 21 of 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`"when_n".14._""3.1.4.4._u"3.4.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`_rrll\__rrll\__rrll.\__rrllk__FIIIIIKx.FHIIIIO.FINIIIO.FIIIIIKL
`
`
`
`
`
`_
`
`FFFIIIIIKK_Frrlllll\\_
`
`llll\
`
`_“_\II$_
`
`numb9mm.numb
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`":9..degig$9.4.:14_____¢II\__:¢II\::
`
`flIIIIIIK_r|||||||\\_||\_flllllllkk.
`
`1234
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`“view..u3.4.."3.1.14.4._uj:___Emmaunmmwn”WWW”:qummo.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`__
`
`PEG. 27
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`|PR2021-00472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 22
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 22
`
`
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 16, 2013 Sheet 22 of 22
`
`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`2800
`
`/
`
`Energize a plurality of coplanar coils
`
`Reverse polarity of the magnetic field of at least one of the
`plurality of coplanar coils
`
`wireless power transmission
`
`Select at least two of the plurality of coplanar coils for
`
`FEG. 28
`
`/2900
`
`
`
`_
`_
`Energlzmg Module
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Polarity Reversing
`Module
`
`
`
`\\
`
`\
`
`
`r2915
`
`/
`
`/
`
`
`
`
`
`Selecting Module
`
`Fifi. 29
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`lPR2021-00472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 23
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 23
`
`

`

`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`May 16,2013
`
`SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INDUCTION
`CHARGING WITH A CLOSED MAGNETIC
`LOOP
`
`CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`[0001] This application claims priority benefit under 35
`U.S.C. §119(e) to US. Provisional Patent Application No.
`61/560,135 entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR
`INDUCTION CHARGING WITH A CLOSED MAGNETIC
`LOOP” filed on Nov. 15, 2011, the disclosure of which is
`hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
`
`FIELD
`
`[0002] The present invention relates generally to wireless
`power. More specifically, the disclosure is directed to induc-
`tion charging with a closed magnetic loop.
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`[0003] An increasing number and variety of electronic
`devices are powered via rechargeable batteries. Such devices
`include mobile phones, portable music players, laptop com-
`puters, tablet computers, computer peripheral devices, com-
`munication devices (e. g., Bluetooth devices), digital cameras,
`hearing aids, and the like. While battery technology has
`improved, battery-powered electronic devices increasingly
`require and consume greater amounts of power. As such,
`these devices constantly require recharging. Rechargeable
`devices are often charged via wired connections through
`cables or other similar connectors that are physically con-
`nected to a power supply. Cables and similar connectors may
`sometimes be inconvenient or cumbersome and have other
`
`drawbacks. Wireless charging systems that are capable of
`transferring power in free space to be used to charge recharge-
`able electronic devices or provide power to electronic devices
`may overcome some of the deficiencies of wired charging
`solutions. As such, wireless power transfer systems and meth-
`ods that efficiently and safely transfer power to electronic
`devices are desirable.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0004] Various implementations of systems, methods and
`devices within the scope of the appended claims each have
`several aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible
`for the desirable attributes described herein. Without limiting
`the scope of the appended claims, some prominent features
`are described herein.
`
`[0005] Details of one or more implementations of the sub-
`ject matter described in this specification are set forth in the
`accompanying drawings and the description below. Other
`features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from
`the description, the drawings, and the claims. Note that the
`relative dimensions ofthe following figures may not be drawn
`to scale.
`
`[0006] One aspect of the disclosure provides an apparatus
`for wireless power transmission comprising a plurality of
`coplanar coils, each of the plurality of coplanar coils is con-
`figured to be individually energized and produce a magnetic
`field; and a controller is configured to reverse polarity of the
`magnetic field of at least one ofthe plurality of coplanar coils
`based on a measure of coupling between coils and to select at
`least two of the plurality of coplanar coils for wireless power
`transmission based on the measure ofcoupling between coils.
`
`[0007] Another aspect of this disclosure provides a method
`for wireless power transmission comprising energizing a plu-
`rality ofcoplanar coils so that each ofthe plurality ofcoplanar
`coils produces a magnetic field; reversing polarity of the
`magnetic field of at least one of the plurality of coplanar coils
`based on a measure of coupling between coils; and, selecting
`at least two of the plurality of coplanar coils for wireless
`power transmission based on the measure of coupling
`between coils.
`
`[0008] One aspect of this disclosure provides an apparatus
`for wireless power transmission comprising means for ener-
`gizing a plurality of coplanar coils so that each ofthe plurality
`of coplanar coils produces a magnetic field; means for revers-
`ing polarity ofthe magnetic field ofat least one ofthe plurality
`of coplanar coils based on a measure of coupling between
`coils; and, means for selecting at least two of the plurality of
`coplanar coils for wireless power transmission based on the
`measure of coupling between coils.
`[0009] Another aspect of this disclosure provides a non-
`transitory computer storage that stores executable program
`instructions that direct an apparatus for wireless power trans-
`mission to perform a process that comprises: energizing a
`plurality of coplanar coils so that each of the plurality of
`coplanar coils produces a magnetic field; reversing polarity of
`the magnetic field of at least one of the plurality of coplanar
`coils based on a measure of coupling between coils; and,
`selecting at least two of the plurality of coplanar coils for
`wireless power transmission based on the measure of cou-
`pling between coils.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram ofan example
`[0010]
`wireless power transfer system.
`[0011]
`FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of example
`components that may be used in the wireless power transfer
`system of FIG. 1.
`[0012]
`FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a portion of trans-
`mit circuitry or receive circuitry of FIG. 2 including a transmit
`or receive coil.
`
`FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of a transmitter
`[0013]
`that may be used in the wireless power transfer system of FIG.
`1.
`
`FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of a receiver
`[0014]
`that may be used in the wireless power transfer system of FIG.
`1.
`
`FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a portion of trans-
`[0015]
`mit circuitry that may be used in the transmit circuitry of FIG.
`4.
`
`FIG. 7 is an example wireless communication sys-
`[0016]
`tem in which aspects of the present disclosure may be
`employed.
`[0017]
`FIG. 8 illustrates a side view of an example coil-to-
`coil coupling system.
`[0018]
`FIG. 9 illustrates a side view of another example
`coil-to-coil coupling system.
`[0019]
`FIG. 10 illustrates a side view of an example dual
`coil coupling system.
`[0020]
`FIG. 11 is a schematic of an example wirelessly
`chargeable device.
`[0021]
`FIG. 12 is a schematic of an example charging pad.
`[0022]
`FIG. 13 is a schematic of an example charging sys-
`tem.
`
`[0023]
`FIG. 14 is a functional block diagram of example
`components that may be usegabfeugreGEg Ipeyyafimspfgd UCtS
`|PR2021-OO472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 24
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 24
`
`

`

`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`May 16,2013
`
`FIG. 15 is a schematic of an example multi-coil
`[0024]
`charging pad that may be used in a wireless power system.
`[0025]
`FIG. 16 is a schematic of an example multi-coil
`charging pad and device in a wireless power system.
`[0026]
`FIG. 17 is a schematic ofanother example multi-coil
`charging pad and device in a wireless power system.
`[0027]
`FIG. 18 is a schematic ofyet another example multi-
`coil charging pad and device in a wireless power system.
`[0028]
`FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of an example
`switching circuit to change the polarity of charging pad coils.
`[0029]
`FIG. 20 is a schematic of an example multi-coil
`charging pad and device in a wireless power system.
`[0030]
`FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of an example
`switching circuit to change the polarity of charging pad coils.
`[0031]
`FIG. 22 is a schematic of an example multi-coil
`charging pad and multiple devices in a wireless power sys-
`tem.
`
`FIG. 23 is an example wireless power transmitter
`[0032]
`which includes a power transfer sensing mechanism.
`[0033]
`FIG. 24 is a flowchart of an example alignment
`discovery logic for a charging pad.
`[0034]
`FIG. 25 is a schematic of an example wirelessly
`chargeable device.
`[0035]
`FIG. 26 is a schematic of an example multi-coil
`charging pad and device in a wireless power system.
`[0036]
`FIG. 27 is a schematic ofanother example multi-coil
`charging pad and device in a wireless power system.
`[0037]
`FIG. 28 is flowchart of an example method of trans-
`mitting wireless power.
`[0038]
`FIG. 29 is a functional block diagram of a wireless
`power apparatus.
`[0039] The various features illustrated in the drawings may
`not be drawn to scale. Accordingly, the dimensions of the
`various features may be arbitrarily expanded or reduced for
`clarity. In addition, some ofthe drawings may not depict all of
`the components of a given system, method or device. Finally,
`like reference numerals may be used to denote like features
`throughout the specification and figures.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`[0040] The detailed description set forth below in connec-
`tion with the appended drawings is intended as a description
`of exemplary embodiments of the invention and is not
`intended to represent the only embodiments in which the
`invention may be practiced. The term “exemplary” used
`throughout this description means “serving as an example,
`instance, or illustration,” and should not necessarily be con-
`strued as preferred or advantageous over other exemplary
`embodiments. The detailed description includes specific
`details for the purpose ofproviding a thorough understanding
`of the exemplary embodiments of the invention. The exem-
`plary embodiments ofthe invention may be practiced without
`these specific details. In some instances, well-known struc-
`tures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to
`avoid obscuring the novelty of the exemplary embodiments
`presented herein.
`[0041] Wirelessly transferring power may refer to transfer-
`ring any form of energy associated with electric fields, mag-
`netic fields, electromagnetic fields, or otherwise from a trans-
`mitter to a receiver without the use of physical electrical
`conductors (e.g., power may be transferred through free
`space). The power output into a wireless field (e.g., a mag-
`netic field) may be received, captured by, or coupled by a
`“receiving coil” to achieve power transfer.
`
`FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an exem-
`[0042]
`plary wireless power transfer system 100, in accordance with
`exemplary embodiments of the invention. Input power 102
`may be provided to a transmitter 1 04 from a power source (not
`shown) for generating a field 105 for providing energy trans-
`fer. A receiver 108 may couple to the field 105 and generate
`output power 110 for storing or consumption by a device (not
`shown) coupled to the output power 11 0. Both the transmitter
`104 and the receiver 108 are separated by a distance 112. In
`one exemplary embodiment, transmitter 104 and receiver 108
`are configured according to a mutual resonant relationship.
`When the resonant frequency ofreceiver 1 08 and the resonant
`frequency of transmitter 104 are substantially the same or
`very close, transmission losses between the transmitter 104
`and the receiver 108 are minimal. As such, wireless power
`transfer may be provided over larger distance in contrast to
`purely inductive solutions that may require large coils that
`require coils to be very close (e.g., mms). Resonant inductive
`coupling techniques may thus allow for improved efficiency
`and power transfer over various distances and with a variety
`of inductive coil configurations.
`[0043] The receiver 108 may receive power when the
`receiver 108 is located in an energy field 105 produced by the
`transmitter 104. The field 105 corresponds to a region where
`energy output by the transmitter 104 may be captured by a
`receiver 105. In some cases, the field 105 may correspond to
`the “near-field” of the transmitter 104 as will be further
`
`described below. The transmitter 104 may include a transmit
`coil 114 for outputting an energy transmission. The receiver
`108 further includes a receive coil 118 for receiving or cap-
`turing energy from the energy transmission. The near-field
`may correspond to a region in which there are strong reactive
`fields resulting from the currents and charges in the transmit
`coil 114 that minimally radiate power away from the transmit
`coil 114. In some cases the near-field may correspond to a
`region that is within about one wavelength (or a fraction
`thereof) of the transmit coil 114. The transmit and receive
`coils 114 and 118 are sized according to applications and
`devices to be associated therewith. As described above, effi-
`cient energy transfer may occur by coupling a large portion of
`the energy in a field 105 of the transmit coil 114 to a receive
`coil 118 rather than propagating most of the energy in an
`electromagnetic wave to the far field. When positioned within
`the field 105, a “coupling mode” may be developed between
`the transmit coil 114 and the receive coil 118. The area around
`the transmit and receive coils 114 and 118 where this cou-
`
`pling may occur is referred to herein as a coupling-mode
`region.
`FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of exemplary
`[0044]
`components that may be used in the wireless power transfer
`system 100 of FIG. 1, in accordance with various exemplary
`embodiments of the invention. The transmitter 204 may
`include transmit circuitry 206 that may include an oscillator
`222, a driver circuit 224, and a filter and matching circuit 226.
`The oscillator 222 may be configured to generate a signal at a
`desired frequency, such as 468.75 KHZ, 6.78 MHZ or 13.56
`MHZ, that may be adjusted in response to a frequency control
`signal 223. The oscillator signal may be provided to a driver
`circuit 224 configured to drive the transmit coil 214 at, for
`example, a resonant frequency of the transmit coil 214. The
`driver circuit 224 may be a switching amplifier configured to
`receive a square wave from the oscillator 222 and output a
`sine wave. For example, the driver circuit 224 may be a class
`E amplifien A filter and MW Womtélaualtprelamts
`|PR2021-00472
`
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 25
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 25
`
`

`

`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`May 16,2013
`
`included to filter out harmonics or other unwanted frequen-
`cies and match the impedance of the transmitter 204 to the
`transmit coil 214.
`
`[0045] The receiver 208 may include receive circuitry 210
`that may include a matching circuit 232 and a rectifier and
`switching circuit 234 to generate a DC power output from an
`AC power input to charge a battery 236 as shown in FIG. 2 or
`to power a device (not shown) coupled to the receiver 108.
`The matching circuit 232 may be included to match the
`impedance ofthe receive circuitry 210 to the receive coil 218.
`The receiver 208 and transmitter 204 may additionally com-
`municate on a separate communication channel 219 (e.g.,
`Bluetooth, zigbee, cellular, etc). The receiver 208 and trans-
`mitter 204 may alternatively communicate via in-band sig-
`naling using characteristics of the wireless field 206.
`[0046] As described more fully below, receiver 208, that
`may initially have a selectively disablable associated load
`(e. g., battery 236), may be configured to determine whether
`an amount of power transmitted by transmitter 204 and
`receiver by receiver 208 is appropriate for charging a battery
`236. Further, receiver 208 may be configured to enable a load
`(e. g., battery 236) upon determining that the amount ofpower
`is appropriate. In some embodiments, a receiver 208 may be
`configured to directly utilize power received from a wireless
`power transfer field without charging of a battery 236. For
`example, a communication device, such as a near-field com-
`munication (NFC) or radio-frequency identification device
`(RFID) may be configured to receive power from a wireless
`power transfer field and communicate by interacting with the
`wireless power transfer field and/or utilize the received power
`to communicate with a transmitter 204 or other devices.
`
`FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a portion of trans-
`[0047]
`mit circuitry 206 or receive circuitry 210 of FIG. 2 including
`a transmit or receive coil 352, in accordance with exemplary
`embodiments of the invention. As illustrated in FIG. 3, trans-
`mit or receive circuitry 350 used in exemplary embodiments
`may include a coil 352. The coil may also be referred to or be
`configured as a “loop” antenna 352. The coil 352 may also be
`referred to herein or be configured as a “magnetic” antenna or
`an induction coil. The term “coil” is intended to refer to a
`
`component that may wirelessly output or receive energy for
`coupling to another “coil.” The coil may also be referred to as
`an “antenna” of a type that is configured to wirelessly output
`or receive power. The coil 352 may be configured to include
`an air core or a physical core such as a ferrite core (not
`shown). Air core loop coils may be more tolerable to extra-
`neous physical devices placed in the vicinity of the core.
`Furthermore, an air core loop coil 352 allows the placement of
`other components within the core area. In addition, an air core
`loop may more readily enable placement of the receive coil
`218 (FIG. 2) within a plane ofthe transmit coil 214 (FIG. 2)
`where the coupled-mode region ofthe transmit coil 214 (FIG.
`2) may be more powerful.
`[0048] As stated, efficient transfer of energy between the
`transmitter 104 and receiver 108 may occur during matched
`or nearly matched resonance between the transmitter 1 04 and
`the receiver 108. However, even when resonance between the
`transmitter 1 04 and receiver 1 08 are not matched, energy may
`be transferred, although the efficiency may be affected.
`Transfer of energy occurs by coupling energy from the field
`1 05 ofthe transmitting coil to the receiving coil residing in the
`neighborhood where this field 105 is established rather than
`propagating the energy from the transmitting coil into free
`space.
`
`[0049] The resonant frequency of the loop or magnetic
`coils is based on the inductance and capacitance. Inductance
`may be simply the inductance created by the coil 352,
`whereas, capacitance may be added to the coil’ s inductance to
`create a resonant structure at a desired resonant frequency. As
`a example, capacitor 352 and capacitor 354 may be added to
`the transmit or receive circuitry 350 to create a resonant
`circuit that selects a signal 356 at a resonant frequency.
`Accordingly, for larger diameter coils, the size of capacitance
`needed to sustain resonance may decrease as the diameter or
`inductance of the loop increases. Furthermore, as the diam-
`eter of the coil increases, the efficient energy transfer area of
`the near-field may increase. Other resonant circuits formed
`using other components are also possible. As another
`example, a capacitor may be placed in parallel between the
`two terminals of the coil 350. For transmit coils, a signal 358
`with a frequency that substantially corresponds to the reso-
`nant frequency ofthe coil 352 may be an input to the coil 352.
`[0050]
`In one embodiment, the transmitter 104 may be
`configured to output a time varying magnetic field with a
`frequency corresponding to the resonant frequency of the
`transmit coil 114. When the receiver is within the field 105,
`the time varying magnetic field may induce a current in the
`receive coil 118. As described above, if the receive coil 118 is
`configured to be resonant at the frequency of the transmit coil
`118, energy may be efficiently transferred. The AC signal
`induced in the receive coil 118 may be rectified as described
`above to produce a DC signal that may be provided to charge
`or to power a load.
`[0051]
`FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of a transmitter
`404 that may be used in the wireless power transfer system of
`FIG. 1, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the
`invention. The transmitter 404 may include transmit circuitry
`406 and a transmit coil 414. The transmit coil 414 may be the
`coil 352 as shown in FIG. 3. Transmit circuitry 406 may
`provide RF power to the transmit coil 414 by providing an
`oscillating signal resulting in generation of energy (e. g., mag-
`netic flux) about the transmit coil 414. Transmitter 404 may
`operate at any suitable frequency. By way of example, trans-
`mitter 404 may operate at the 13.56 MHz ISM band.
`[0052] Transmit circuitry 406 may include a fixed imped-
`ance matching circuit 409 for matching the impedance of the
`transmit circuitry 406 (e. g., 50 ohms) to the transmit coil 414
`and a low pass filter (LPF) 408 configured to reduce harmonic
`emissions to levels to prevent self-jamming of devices
`coupled to receivers 108 (FIG. 1). Other exemplary embodi-
`ments may include different filter topologies, including but
`not limited to, notch filters that attenuate specific frequencies
`while passing others and may include an adaptive impedance
`match, that may be varied based on measurable transmit
`metrics, such as output power to the coil 414 or DC current
`drawn by the driver circuit 424. Transmit circuitry 406 further
`includes a driver circuit 424 configured to drive an RF signal
`as determined by an oscillator 423. The transmit circuitry 406
`may be comprised of discrete devices or circuits, or alter-
`nately, may be comprised of an integrated assembly. An
`exemplary RF power output from transmit coil 414 may be on
`the order of 2.5 Watts.
`
`[0053] Transmit circuitry 406 may further include a con-
`troller 415 for selectively enabling the oscillator 423 during
`transmit phases (or duty cycles) for specific receivers, for
`adjusting the frequency or phase of the oscillator 423, and for
`adjusting the output power level for implementing a commu-
`nication protocol for interagtgi‘glézvyhgggléqfiiggldsywficts
`|PR2021-OO472
`
`GUI EX. 2010 Page 26
`
`Apple v. GUI Global Products
`IPR2021-00472
`GUI Ex. 2010 Page 26
`
`

`

`US 2013/0119773 A1
`
`May 16,2013
`
`through their attached receivers. It is noted that the controller
`415 may also be referred to herein as processor 415. Adjust-
`ment of oscillator phase and related circuitry in the transmis-
`sion path may allow for reduction of out of band emissions,
`especially when transitioning from one frequency to another.
`[0054] The transmit circuitry 406 may further include a
`load sensing circuit 416 for detecting the presence or absence
`of active receivers in the vicinity of the near-field generated
`by transmit coil 414. By way of example, a load sensing
`circuit 416 monitors the current flowing to the driver circuit
`424, that may be affected by the presence or absence of active
`receivers in the vicinity ofthe field generated by transmit coil
`414 as will be further described below. Detection of changes
`to the loading on the driver circuit 424 are monitored by
`controller 415 for use in determining whether to enable the
`oscillator 423 for transmitting energy and to communicate
`with an active receiver. As described more fully below, a
`current measured at the driver circuit 424 may be used to
`determine whether an invalid device is positioned within a
`wireless power transfer region of the transmitter 404.
`[0055] The transmit coil 414 may be implemented with a
`Litz wire or as an antenna strip with the thickness, width and
`metal type selected to keep resistive losses low. In a one
`implementation, the transmit coil 414 may generally be con-
`figured for association with a larger structure such as a table,
`mat, lamp or other less portable configuration. Accordingly,
`the transmit coil 414 generally may not need “turns” in order
`to be of a practical dimension. An exemplary implementation
`of a transmit coil 414 may be “electrically small” (i.e., frac-
`tion of the wavelength) and tuned to resonate at lower usable
`frequencies by using capacitors to define the resonant fre-
`quency.
`[0056] The transmitter 404 may gather and track informa-
`tion about the whereabouts and status ofreceiver devices that
`
`may be associated with the transmitter 404. Thus, the transmit
`circuitry 406 may include