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`TENTH EDITION
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`A GENUINE MERRIAM-WEBSTER
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`Copyright © 2000 by Merriam-Webster, Incorporated ~
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`Philippines Copyright 2000 by Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
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`Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
`Main entry undertitle:
`
`Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary. — 10th ed.
`p.
`cm.
`Includes index.
`ISBN 0-87779-708-0 (unindexed : alk. paper). — ISBN 0-87779-709-9
`(indexed: alk. paper). —- ISBN 0-87779-710-2 (deluxe indexed: alk. paper).
`—~ ISBN 0-87779-707-2 Gaminated cover, unindexed).
`]. English language——Dictionaries.
`I. Merriam-Webster, Inc.
`PE1628.M36
`1998
`423—dc21
`
`97-41846
`CIP
`
`Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate® Dictionary, Tenth Edition principal copyright 1993
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`we
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`vad
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`898
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`polarize e polite
`
`
`
`um
`opposing extremes of grodps orinterests formerly ranged on a continu-
`2police n, pi police often attrib [F, fr. LLpolitia government, admis;
`
`tion,fr. Gk politeia, fr. polités citizen, fr. polis city, state; akin tog
`po-lar-ize \'pé-le-,riz\ vb -ized; ~-iz-ing [F polariser, fr. NL polaris polar]
`rampart, Lith pilis castle] (1716) la: the internal organization 9)
`v£(1811) 1: to cause (as light waves) to vibrate in a definite pattern 2
`
`ulation of a political unit through exercise of governmental
`
`
`: to give physical polarity to 3: to break up into opposing factions or
`esp. with respect to general comfort, health, morals, safety, or pra
`groupings <a campaign that polarized the electorate}
`4 : CONCEN-
`
`
`ity b: control and regulation of affairs affecting the genera] Ordge
`TRATE J] <recreate a cohesive rock community by polarizing ...an
`
`welfare of any unit or area ec: the system oflaws for effecting: <
`amorphous,fragmented audience —Ellen Willis> ~ vi: to become po-
`control 2a: the department of government concerned primarij
`larized — po.lar.iz-abil-i-ty \,pd-ls-,ri-zo-'bi-lo-té\ 7 — po-lar-iz-able
`-maintenance of public order, safety, and health and enforceme;
`\\p6-lo-"ri-zo-bal\ adj
`
`laws and possessing executive, judicial, and legislative Powers -}
`polar nucleus 7 (1882) : either of the two nuclei of a seed plant embryo
`
`
`department of government charged with prevention, detection;
`sac that are destined to form endosperm
`
`
`prosecution of public nuisances and crimes 3a: POLICE FORCE
`po-lar-og-ra-phy \,pd-lo-'r4-gra-f6\ 7 [ISV, fr. polarization] (1936) : a
`: POLICE OFFICERS
`4 a: a private organization resembling a
`method of qualitative or quantitative analysis based on current-voltage
`force campus ~> bpi: the membersof aprivate police orga:
`
`curves obtained during electrolysis of a solution with a steadily increas-
`5a: the action or process of cleaning and puttingin order 5:
`personnel detailed to perform this function
`ing electromotive force — po-lar-o-grapheic \po-,lar-o-"gra-fik\ adi —
`
`po-lar-o-graph-i-cal-ly \-fi-k(o-)1é\ ady
`police action n (1933) : a localized military action undertaken
`
`Po.lar-oid \'pé-lo-,roid\ rademark — used esp. for a light-polarizing
`formal declaration of war by regular armed forces against pers:
`material used esp. in eyeglasses and lamps to prevent glare or for a
`
`guerrillas or aggressors) held to be violators of international peacé:
`order
`camera that develops pictures instantly
`
`po-lar-on \"pé-le-rain\ 7 [ISV polar + 2-on] (1946) : a conducting elec-
`police court » (1823) : a court of record that. has jurisdiction over:
`tron in an ionic crystal together with the induced polarization of the
`ous minor offenses (as breach of the peace) and the powerto bind:
`surroundinglattice
`for trial in a superior court or for a grand jury persons accused off
`
`serious offenses
`pol-der \'pdl-dar\ x [PD] (1604) : a tract of low land (as in the Nether-
`lands) reclaimed from a body of water (as the sea)
`police dog » (1908) 1: a dog trainedto assist police (as in drugdi
`
`tion) 2: GERMAN SHEPHERD
`,
`‘pole \"pdl\ n [ME, fr. OE padi stake, pole, fr. L palus stake; akin to L
`pangere to fix ~~ more at PACT] (bef. 12c) La: a long slender usu. cy-
`police force 1 (1838) : a bodyof trained officers entrusted bya
`
`lindrical object (as a length of wood) b: a shaft which extends from
`ment with maintenance of public peace and order, enforcemé
`laws, and prevention and detection of crime
`the front axle of a wagon between wheelhorses and by which the wag-
`
`on is drawn | TONGUE cc
`: a long staff of wood, metal, or fiberglass
`po-liceeman \po-"lés-mon\ 7 (1801) 1: a memberofa police fo
`: one held to resemble a policeman <making the United States
`used in the pole vault 2 a: a varying unit of length; esp : one measur-
`for the whole wide world —-R. B. Long>
`:
`ing 16% feet (5.03 meters) b: a unit of arca cqual to a square rod
`
`(25.293 square meters) 3: a tree with a breast-high diameter of from 4
`police officer n (1800) : a member of a police force
`.
`police power 7 (1827) : the inherent powerof a governmentto €:
`to 12 inches (10 to 30 centimeters) 4: the inside front row position on
`
`the starting line for a race
`reasonable control over persons and property within its jurisdic
`the interest of the general security, health, safety, morals, and
`
`*pole vb poled; pol-ing vt (1573) 1: to act upon witha pole 2: toim-
`except where legally prohibited
`£6
`pel or push with a pole ~ vi 1: to propel a boat witha pole 2: to use
`ski poles to gain speed
`police procedural n, pi police procedurals (1967) : a mysterys
`
`written from the point of view of the police investigating the cri
`*pole n [ME,fr. L polus, fr. Gk polos pivot, pole; akin to Gk pelesthai to
`become,Skt carati he moves, wanders — more at WHEEL] (14c) 1: ei-
`police reporter 7 (1834) : a reporter regularly assigned to cover
`news {as crimes and arrests}
`ther extremity of an axis of a sphere and esp. of the earth’s axis 2a
`
`: either of two related opposites b : a point of guidance or attraction
`police state nm (1865) : a political unit characterized by repressivi
`ernmental control of political, economic, and social life usu. by:
`
`3a: cither of the two terminals of an electric cell, battery, generator,
`bitrary exercise of power by police and esp. secret police in p!
`or motor b: one of two or more regions in a magnetized bodyat
`
`which the magnetic flux density is concentrated 4 : either of two mor-
`regular operation of administrative and judicial organs of the s
`ment according to publicly known legal procedures
`i
`
`phologically or physiologically differentiated arcas at opposite ends of
`an axis in an organism orcell — see BLASTULAillustration 5 a: the
`police station 1 (1846) : the headquarters of the police for a localit
`
`po-lice-wom-an \pa-'lés-;wo-man\ 7” (1853) : a woman whois a mi
`fixed point in a system of polar coordinates that serves as the origin b
`of a police force
`: the point of origin of two tangents to a conic section that determine a
`Ipol-iecy \Ipd-lo-sé\ n, pl -cies often attrib [ME policie governmen
`polar — poles apart : as diametrically opposed as possible
`
`cy, fr, MF, government, regulation,fr. LL politia] (1Sc) 1a: pru
`Pole \'pdl\ x [G, of Slavic origin; akin to Pol polak Pole] (1535) 1:a
`or wisdom in the managementof affairs b : management 0!
`native or inhabitant of Poland 2: a person of Polish descent
`*pole-ax \'pd-laks\ 2 [ME polax, poliax, fr. pol, polle poll + ax} (4c)
`1
`dure based primarily on material interest’ 2a:a definite cou
`
`: a battle-ax with a short handle and often a hookor spike opposite the
`methodofaction selected from amongalternatives and in light
`conditions to guide and determine present and future decision
`blade; also : one with a long handle used as an ornamental weapon 2
`
`: an ax used in slaughtering cattle
`high-level overall plan embracing the general goals and acceptabl
`cedures esp. of a governmental body
`_
`y
`*poleax vt (1882) : to attack,strike, or fell with or as if with a poleax
`*policy n, pl -cies [alter. of carlicr police, fr. MF, certificate,
`pole bean 7 (ca. 1770) : a cultivated bean that is usu. trained to grow
`
`upright on supports
`polizza, modif. of ML apodixa receipt, fr. MGk apodeixis, fr. Gk}
`pole-cat \'pdl-kat\ n, p/ polecats or polecat [ME polcat, prob. fr. MF
`fr. apodeikrnynai to demonstrate — more at APODICTIC] a
`“
`writing whereby a contractof insurance is made 2a: a daily lott
`
`poul, pol cock + ME cat; prob. fr. its preying on poultry — more at
`which participants bet that certain numbers will be drawn from
`PULLET] (14c) 1: any of several carnivorous mammals (as of the gen-
`
`era Mustela or Vormela) of the weasel family; esp : a brown to black
`tery wheel b: NUMBER 7a
`.
`a
`European mammal (A¢. putorius) from which the domesticated ferret is
`policy
`pol-i-cy-hold-er \Vipd-la-sé-,hol-dar\ 7 (1851) ; the ownerof an 198
`
`derived 2: SKUNK
`poleis p! of POLIS
`policy science
`(1950) : a social science dealing with the m4
`
`high-level policy (as in a government or business)
`
`pole-less \"'pdl-les\ adj (1647) : having no pole
`
`po-lem-ic \po-'lc-mik\ 7 [F polémique, fr. MF,fr. polemique controver-
`.
`po-lio \'pd-1é-,0\ 7 (1931) : POLIOMYELITIS
`A
`po-liouny-eli-tis \p0-16-(.)0-mi--'li-tos\ n [NL, fr. Gkpolios uray,
`sial, fr. Gk polemikes warlike, hostile, fr. polemos war; perh. akin to Gk
`
`elos marrow -— more at FALLOW, MYEL-] (1878) : an acute 7
`pelemizein to shake, OE ealfelo baleful] (1638) 1a : an aggressive at-
`disease caused by the poliovirus and characterized by fever,
`tack on or refutation of the opinions or principles of another b: the
`
`art or practice of disputation or controversy — usu. used in pl. but
`ralysis, and atrophy of skeletal muscles often with permanent¢)
`sing. or pl. in constr. 2: an aggressive controversialist : DISPUTANT —
`and deformity and marked by inflammation of nerve cells int
`E
`
`po-lem-i-cist \-"le-mo-sist\ #7
`or gray matter in each lateral half of the spinal cord — calle
`
`Fantileparalysis
`_
`rus
`1: of, relating
`po-lem-i-cal \-mi-kal\ aiso po-lem-ic \-mik\ adj (1640)
`
`
`lo, or being a polemic : CONTROVERSIAL 2: engagedin or addicted to
`po-lio-vierus \"p6-lé-(,)6-,vi-ras\ » [NL, fr. poliomyelitis + ve
`: an enterovirus that occurs in several antigenically distinct
`polemics : DISPUTATIOUS — po-lem-i-cakly \-mi-k(s-lé\ adv
`which one is the most frequent cause of human poliomyelit®¢j
`
`po-lem-i-cize \-'le-mo-,siz\ vi -cized; -ciz-ing (1950) : to engage in con-
`troversy : deliver a polemic
`po-lis \'pa-les\ 7, p/ po-leis \'pa-,las\ [Gk — more at POLICE)tf
`
`Greck city-state; broadly : a state or society esp. when chara!
`pu-le-mist \po-‘le-mist, 'pi-le-mist\ 7 (1825) : one skilled in or given to
`
`a sense of community
`,
`polemics
`
`«polis x combform [LL,fr. Gk,fr. polis] + city <megalapolis>
`pol-eamize \'pi-lo-ymiz\ vi -mized; -miz-ing (1828) : POLEMICIZE
`
`*pol-ish \'pa-lish\ vb [MEpolisshen, fr. MFpoliss-, stem ofpom
`
`pol-e-mo-ni-um \,p4-lo-'m6-né-em\ n [NL, fr. Gk poleménion, a plant]
`lire] vt (14c) 1: to make smooth and glossy usu. by friction :
`(1900) : JACOB’s LADDER 1
`
`
`
`2: to smooth,soften, or refine in manners or condition 33
`po-len-ta \p6-‘len-te, pa-, -,ta\ [It, fr. L, crushed and hulled barley;
`
`a highly developed,finished, or refined state : PERFECT 7”
`akin to L pollen fine flour] (1764) : mush made of chestnut meal, corn-
`come smooth orglossy by oras if by friction — pol-ish-eF
`meal, semolina, or farina
`
`2polish n (1704) 1a: asmooth glossy surface : LUSTER,
`. b
`pol-er \'p6-lor\ n (1848) : onc that poles; esp : one that poles a boat
`
`from rudeness or coarseness : CULTURE ¢ :astate of hie!
`pole-star \'pél-stér\ 7 1: NORTH STAR 2 a : a directing principle
`: GUIDE. b: acenter of attraction
`ment or refinement 2: the action or process of polishin8 4,
`
`aration that is used to produce a gloss and often a color for
`pole vault 77 (ca. 1890) : a vault with the aid of a pole; specif: a field
`
`tion and decoration of a surface <furniture ~~) <nail ™ ract
`event consisting of a vault for hcight over a crossbar — pole—vault vi
`1Pol-ish \'pd-lish\ adj [Pole] (1674) : of, relating to, or char@®;
`—- pole-vaulter 1
`Poland, the Poles, or Polish
`.
`pole-ward \'pdl-ward\ adv or adj (1875) : toward orin the direction of a
`*Polish n (1784) : the Slavic language of the Poles
`come
`
`pole of the earth <as the sun moves ~> ¢~ variation in temperature>
`polish off vt (1829) : to finish off or dispose of rapidly Ot COsp
`
`‘police \pa-lés\ we po-liced; po-liceing [in sense 1,
`tr. MF po-
`
`po-lit-bu-ro \'p4-lat-,byar-G)6,
`'"pd-lat-, po—lit-\ 7 [RussProal
`
`licier, fv. police conduct of public affairs; in other senses, fr. *police]
`politicheskoe byuro political bureau] (1925) :
`the prip
`(1589)
`farchaic: GOVERN 2: to control, regulate, or keep in order
`
`making and executive conunittee of a Communist party, ge
`by use of police 3: ta make clean and put inorder 4a: to supervise
`po-lite \po-Tit\ adj po-lit-er; -est [L politus, fr. pp. ofpo 4 ot
`
`the operation, execution, or administration of to prevent or detect and
`: Of, relating to, or having the characteristics of advance ;
`prosecute violations of rules and regulations b: to exercise such su-
`: marked by refined cultural interests and pursuits ESP.i
`
`pervision Over the policics and activities of 5: to perform the func-
`tions of a police force in or over
`belles lettres 2. : showing or characterized by correct5 ce,
`i marked by an appearance of consideration, tact, deferen’?
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