IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`
`Darren P. Briggs, et al.
`In re Patent of:
`U.S. Patent No.: RE45,543 Attorney Docket No.: 00058-0002IP1
`Issue Date:
`June 2, 2015
`
`Appl. Serial No.: 13/894,009
`
`Filing Date:
`May 14, 2013
`
`Title:
`METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SELECTIVELY
`SHARING AND PASSIVELY TRACKING
`COMMUNICATION DEVICE EXPERIENCES
`
`
`Mail Stop Patent Board
`Patent Trial and Appeal Board
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
`P.O. Box 1450
`Alexandria, VA 22313-1450
`
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW OF UNITED STATES PATENT
`NO. RE45,543 PURSUANT TO 35 U.S.C. §§ 311–319, 37 C.F.R. § 42
`
`
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 00058-0002IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. RE45,543
`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`
`
`I.
`II.
`
`PRELIMINARY STATEMENT ..................................................................... 1
`BACKGROUND OF LOCATION-DETERMINING AND LOCATION-
`SHARING TECHNOLOGIES ........................................................................ 1
`III. OVERVIEW OF PRIOR ART ........................................................................ 2
`A. Callegari ................................................................................................... 2
`B. Friedman ................................................................................................. 12
`C. Eschenbach ............................................................................................. 13
`IV. THE ’543 PATENT ....................................................................................... 14
`A. Overview ................................................................................................. 14
`B. Summary of the Claims .......................................................................... 17
`LEVEL OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART ........................................... 18
`V.
`VI. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION .......................................................................... 18
`VII. STATEMENT OF PRECISE RELIEF REQUESTED ................................. 18
`VIII. CALLEGARI AND FRIEDMAN DISCLOSE THE CORE ELEMENTS OF
`THE CLAIMS ............................................................................................... 18
`A. Core Element A (registering): “registering a location-aware device with
`a server” .................................................................................................. 19
`B. Core Element B (accessing): “accessing lists of other users” ................ 24
`C. Core Element C (defining): “defining rights for sharing data with the
`other users” ............................................................................................. 26
`D. Core Element D (collecting): “collecting data at the device” ................ 27
`E. Core Element E (reporting): “reporting data to a server” ....................... 30
`F. Core Element F (sharing): “sharing data with the other users” .............. 31
`IX. GROUND 1: CLAIM 76 IS UNPATENTABLE OVER CALLEGARI ........ 32
`A. Claim 76 (Core Elements A-B-C-D-E-F) ............................................... 32
`1.
`[76p] “A system for collecting and sharing visited geographic
`location data, comprising:” ........................................................... 32
`[76a] “a location-aware device adapted to:” (Core Element A) ... 32
`[76b] “record geographic location data while visiting geographic
`locations using a satellite-based location fixing protocol” (Core
`Element D) .................................................................................... 33
`
`2.
`3.
`
`i
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 00058-0002IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. RE45,543
`
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`6.
`
`9.
`
`7.
`8.
`
`[76c] “enable access to one or more lists of other users to identify
`one or more other users with whom the geographic location data
`may be shared;” (Core Element B) ............................................... 33
`[76d] “enable definition of rights of the one or more other users to
`access the geographic location data, and” (Core Element C) ....... 33
`[76e] “send at least a portion of the geographic location data to a
`tracking server; and” (Core Element E) ........................................ 33
`[76f] “the tracking server adapted to:” (Core Element E) ............ 34
`[76g] “receive the at least a portion of the geographic location data
`from the location-aware device; and” (Core Element E) .............. 34
`[76h] “share the at least a portion of the geographic location data
`with the one or more other users in accordance with the rights of
`the one or more other users.” (Core Element F) ........................... 34
`X. GROUND 2: CLAIMS 32, 34, 36, 39, 41, 43-49, 51, 53-62, AND 72 ARE
`UNPATENTABLE OVER CALLEGARI IN VIEW OF FRIEDMAN.......... 34
`A. A POSA Would Have Combined Callegari and Friedman ................... 34
`1. A POSA would have understood that Callegari’s consumer device
`and presence server would have processors executing software
`stored in memory, as disclosed by Friedman ................................ 35
`2. A POSA would have combined Friedman’s registration server
`into Callegari’s system to form a distributed system ................... 36
`B. Claims 45-49, and 51 (Core Elements A-B-C-D-E) ............................... 40
`1.
`[45-49p, 51p] “A non-transitory computer-readable medium
`storing software for instructing a controller of a location-aware
`device that is capable of being registered with a registration server
`to:” (Core Element A) ................................................................... 40
`[45-49a, 51a] “enable access to one or more lists of other users to
`identify one or more other users with whom visited geographic
`location data is capable of being shared;” (Core Element B) ....... 42
`[45-49b, 51b] “enable definition of access rights for the one or
`more other users to enable access to the visited geographic
`location data;” (Core Element C) .................................................. 42
`[45-49c, 51c] “collect the visited geographic location data for
`geographic locations visited by the location-aware device using a
`client-side application; and” (Core Element D) ............................ 42
`[45-49d, 51d] “report information indicating at least a portion of
`the visited geographic location data to a tracking server.” (Core
`Element E) ..................................................................................... 42
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`ii
`
`

`

`6.
`
`7.
`
`8.
`
`9.
`
`11.
`
`2.
`
`10.
`
`Attorney Docket No. 00058-0002IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. RE45,543
`
`[45e] “wherein…receive, via a user interface of the location-aware
`device, input that defines at least one user of the one or more other
`users from the one or more lists of other users that is to have
`access to the visited geographic location data.” ............................ 42
`[46e] “wherein…receive, via a user interface of the location-aware
`device, input that defines categories of the visited geographic
`location data that can be shared with the other user.” ................... 47
`[47e] “wherein the one or more lists of other users comprises an
`Instant Messaging buddy list of the user…” ................................. 50
`[48e] “wherein the one or more lists of other users comprises a
`contact list…” ................................................................................ 50
`[49e] “wherein the one or more lists of other users comprises an e-
`mail contact list of the user…” ...................................................... 51
`[51e] “wherein the visited geographic location data further defines
`comments on one or more of the geographic locations visited by
`the location-aware device.” ........................................................... 52
`C. Claim 56 (Core Elements A-B-C-D-E) .................................................. 53
`1.
`[56p] “A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing
`software for instructing a controller of a device to:” .................... 53
`[56a] “communicate with a registration server to register with the
`registration server to collect visited geographic location data from
`a client-side application while visiting geographic locations with a
`location-aware device that records the geographic locations using
`a satellite-based location-fixing protocol;” (Core Elements A & D)
` ....................................................................................................... 53
`[56b] “enable a user to select one or more other users with whom
`the visited geographic location data may be shared from one or
`more lists of other users;” (Core Element B) ................................ 54
`[56c] “enable the user to define rights of the one or more other
`users to access the visited geographic location data; and” (Core
`Element C) ..................................................................................... 54
`[56d] “report information indicating at least a portion of the
`visited geographic location data for the one or more other users to
`a tracking server;” (Core Element E) ............................................ 54
`D. Claim 32, 39, and 54 (Core Elements A-B-C-D-E-F) ............................ 54
`1.
`[32p], [39p], [54p] “A computer-implemented method of sharing
`computer usage experiences, including:” ...................................... 54
`[32a], [39a], [54a] “sending registration information of a user to a
`registration server to collect and share visited geographic location
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`2.
`
`iii
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 00058-0002IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. RE45,543
`
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`data using a client-side application while visiting geographic
`locations with a location-aware device that records the visited
`geographic locations using a satellite-based location fixing
`protocol;” (Core Elements A, D, & F) .......................................... 55
`[32b], [39b], [54b] “enabling access to one or more messaging
`buddy lists of the user to identify one or more buddies with whom
`the visited geographic location data may be shared;” (Core
`Element B) ..................................................................................... 55
`[32c], [39c], [54c] “enabling definition of access rights for the one
`or more buddies to access the visited geographic location data;
`and” (Core Element C) .................................................................. 55
`[32d], [39d], [54d] “sending information indicating at least a
`portion of the visited geographic location data to a tracking server
`to enable sharing of the information with the one or more buddies
`in accordance with the defined rights.” (Core Element E) ........... 56
`E. Claims 34 and 41—“wherein the visited geographic location data
`comprises the [visited] geographic locations and a comment on the
`[visited] geographic locations.” (Core Elements D & E) ....................... 56
`F. Claims 36 and 43—“…display of advertising information.” ................. 56
`G. Claim 44—“….wherein the advertising is capable of moving.” ............ 57
`H. Claims 53 and 55 (Core Elements A-B-C-D-E-F) ................................. 58
`1.
`[53p], [55p] “A method of operation of a server to share computer
`usage experiences, comprising the following computer
`implemented steps:” ...................................................................... 58
`[53a], [55a] “receiving, a registration for automatic client side
`collection and sharing of visited geographic location data from a
`client-side application while visiting geographic locations with a
`location-aware device that records the visited geographic locations
`using a satellite-based location-fixing protocol;” (Core Elements
`A & D) ........................................................................................... 59
`[53b], [55b] “enabling access to one or more messaging buddy
`lists and selection of one or more buddies with whom the visited
`geographic location data may be shared from the one or more
`messaging buddy lists;” (Core Element B) ................................... 62
`[53c], [55c] “obtaining defined rights of the one or more buddies
`to access the visited geographic location data; and” (Core Element
`B) ................................................................................................... 62
`[53d], [55d] “reporting information indicating at least a portion of
`the visited geographic location data for the one or more buddies to
`
`4.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`5.
`
`iv
`
`

`

`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`2.
`
`access according to the rights defined for the one or more
`buddies.” (Core Elements E & F).................................................. 63
`I. Claim 57 (Core Elements A-B-C-D-E-F) ............................................... 63
`1.
`[57p] “A method of operation of a server computer comprising:”
` ....................................................................................................... 63
`[57a] “receiving registration information from a location-aware
`device;” (Core Element A) ............................................................ 63
`[57b] “receiving information indicating visited geographic
`location data from the location-aware device, the visited
`geographic location data being data defining geographic locations
`collected at the location-aware device from a client-side
`application, wherein the location-aware device records the
`geographic locations using a satellite-based location-fixing
`protocol;” (Core Elements D & E) ................................................ 64
`[57c] “obtaining access rights for one or more other users to allow
`for access to the visited geographic location data, the one or more
`other users being one or more other users from one or more lists of
`other users with whom the visited geographic location data is to be
`shared; and” (Core Elements B & C) ............................................ 64
`[57d] “sharing at least a portion of the visited geographic location
`data with the one or more other users according to the access
`rights defined for the one or more other users.” (Core Element F)
` ....................................................................................................... 65
`J. Claim 58—“wherein the access rights for the one or more other users to
`access the visited geographic location data comprises, for each other
`users of at least a subset of the one or more other users, information that
`defines one or more categories of the visited geographic location data to
`be shared with the other user.” ............................................................... 65
`K. Claim 59—“… access rights … defines at least one other user …. to
`have access to the category of the visited geographic location data.” .... 65
`L. Claim 60—“…an Instant Messaging buddy list of the user of the
`location-aware device.” .......................................................................... 66
`M. Claim 61—“…a contact list maintained on the location-aware device.” ...
`
` ....................................................................................................... 66
`N. Claim 62—“…an e-mail contact list of the user of the location-aware
`device.” ................................................................................................... 66
`O. Claim 72 (Core Elements A-B-C-D-E) .................................................. 67
`1.
`[72p] “A location-aware mobile device having a controller and
`memory, wherein the controller is configured to:” ....................... 67
`
`Attorney Docket No. 00058-0002IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. RE45,543
`
`
`v
`
`

`

`2.
`
`3.
`
`5.
`
`2.
`
`4.
`
`[72a] “send location information comprising geographic data
`recorded by the location-aware mobile device using a satellite-
`based location-fixing protocol;” (Core Elements D & E) ............. 67
`[72b] “enable access to one or more lists of other users to identify
`one or more other users with whom the visited geographic location
`data may be shared;” (Core Element B) ........................................ 68
`[72c] “enable definition of rights of the one or more other users to
`access the visited geographic location data; and” (Core Element C)
` ....................................................................................................... 68
`[72d] “send information indicating at least a portion of the visited
`geographic location data to a server” (Core Element E) ............... 68
`XI. GROUND 3: CLAIM 38 IS UNPATENTABLE OVER CALLEGARI IN
`VIEW OF FRIEDMAN AND ESCHENBACH ............................................. 68
`A. Claim 38—“wherein the satellite-based location-fixing protocol is
`selected from a group consisting of a GPS protocol and a DGPS
`protocol;” ................................................................................................ 68
`B. A POSA Would Have Combined Callegari, Friedman, and Eschenbach .
`
` ....................................................................................................... 70
`1.
`Based on Callegari, a POSA would have been motivated to look
`for ways to implement a GPS to determine the location of the
`consumer device ............................................................................ 71
`Based on Eschenbach, a POSA would have recognized that using
`a reference receiver and almanac data to correct GPS location data
`improves location data resolution ................................................. 72
`XII. DISCRETIONARY CONSIDERATIONS ................................................... 74
`A. Prior Art and Arguments—35 U.S.C. §325(d) ....................................... 75
`B. Prior Petitions—35 U.S.C. §314(a) ........................................................ 75
`C. Parallel Proceedings—35 U.S.C. §314(a) .............................................. 79
`XIII. MANDATORY NOTICES ........................................................................... 83
`A. Real Parties-in-Interest ........................................................................... 83
`B. Related Matters ....................................................................................... 83
`C. Lead and Back-Up Counsel, and Service Information ........................... 84
`XIV. GROUNDS FOR STANDING ...................................................................... 84
`XV. PAYMENT OF FEES—37 C.F.R. §42.103 .................................................. 84
`
`
`
`Attorney Docket No. 00058-0002IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. RE45,543
`
`
`
`
`vi
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 00058-0002IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. RE45,543
`
`
`EXHIBITS
`
`Description
`Exhibit
`Ex-1001 U.S. Patent No. RE45,543 to Briggs (“Briggs”)
`Ex-1002 Prosecution File History of U.S. Patent No. RE45,543
`Ex-1003 Declaration of David Hilliard Williams
`Ex-1004 Curriculum Vitae of David Hilliard Williams
`Ex-1005 U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0055983 to Callegari
`(“Callegari”)
`Ex-1006 U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/277,174
`Ex-1007 U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/277,187
`Ex-1008 U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/277,200
`Ex-1009 U.S. Patent No. 6,714,791 to Friedman (“Friedman”)
`Ex-1010 U.S. Patent No. 6,373,429 to Eschenbach (“Eschenbach”)
`Ex-1011 U.S. Patent No. 7,080,139 to Briggs (“Briggs”)
`Ex-1012 U.S. Patent No. 6,052,122 to Sutcliffe (”Sutcliffe”)
`Ex-1013 U.S. Patent No. 7,970,390 to Fraccaroli (“Fraccaroli”)
`Ex-1014 U.S. Patent No. 6,466,788 to Carlsson (“Carlsson”)
`Ex-1015 U.S. Patent App. Pub. No. 2003/0022684A1 to Seeger (“Seeger”)
`Ex-1016 U.S. Patent No. 6,618,593 to Drutman (“Drutman”)
`Ex-1017 U.S. Patent No. 7,739,139 to Robertson (“Robertson”)
`Ex-1018 U.S. Patent No. 8,762,471 to Robertson (“Robertson”)
`Ex-1019 U.S. Patent No. 8,589,247 to Mesaros (“Mesaros”)
`Ex-1020 U.S. Patent No. 6,240,069 to Alperovich (“Alperovich”)
`Ex-1021 U.S. Patent No. 7,047,030 to Forsyth (“Forsyth”)
`Ex-1022 U.S. Patent No. 8,103,729 to Tornabene (“Tornabene)
`Ex-1023 U.S. Patent No. 7,953,815 to Kaufman (“Kaufman”)
`Ex-1024 U.S. Patent No. 6,438,579 to Hosken (“Hosken”)
`Ex-1025 U.S. Patent No. 6,332,127 to Bandera (“Bandera”)
`Ex-1026 U.S. Patent No. 8,295,835 to Coppinger (“Coppinger”)
`Ex-1027 U.S. Patent No. 6,968,179 to De Vries (“DeVries”)
`Ex-1028 U.S. Patent No. 6,944,447 to Portman (“Portman”)
`Ex-1029 U.S. Patent No. 5,493,692 to Theimer (“Theimer”)
`Ex-1030 Goran M. Djuknic & Robert E. Richton, “Geolocation and Assisted
`GPS”, Computer, Volume 34, Issue 2, Feb. 2001, pp 123-125
`Jim Waldo et al., “A Note on Distributed Computing”, Sun
`Microsystems Laboratories, SMLI TR-94-29 November, 1994.
`
`Ex-1031
`
`vii
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 00058-0002IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. RE45,543
`
`
`Ex-1033
`
`Ex-1032 Niranjan G. Shivaratri et al., “Load Distributing for Locally
`Distributed Systems”, Computer, Volume 25, December 1992 pp.
`33-44
`Jim Gray, “An Approach to Decentralized Computer Systems”,
`Tandem Computers Technical Report 85.4, June 1985
`Ex-1034 Flavin Cristian, “Understanding Fault-Tolerant Distributed
`Systems”, Communications of the ACM, Volume 34, No. 2,
`February 1991 pp. 56-78
`Ex-1035 U.S. Patent No. 6,799,277 to Colvin (“Colvin”)
`Ex-1036 PCT App. Pub. No. WO 01/74034 to Ericsson (“Ericsson”)
`Ex-1037 Microsoft Campus Agreement: How to Get Started (February 9,
`2001), available at
`https://www.uprm.edu/cms/index.php?a=file&fid=126
`Ex-1038 Platform Services, OPENWAVE,
`https://web.archive.org/web/20020206231928/http:/www.openwave.
`com/products/platform_services/
`Ex-1039 U.S. Patent No. 7,376,433 to Hose (“Hose”)
`Ex-1040
`Jay Farrell & Tony Givargis, “Differential GPS Reference Station
`Algorithm - Design and Analysis”, IEEE Transactions on Control
`Systems Technology, Vol. 8, No. 3, May 2000 pp 519-531
`Ex-1041 François J.N. Cosquer & Paulo Veríssimo, “The Impact of Group
`Communication Paradigms on Groupware Support”, Proceedings of
`the Fifth IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Future Trends of
`Distributed Computing Systems, 1995 pp, 207-214
`Ex-1042 M. Kolland et al., “Information Sharing in Collaborative
`Environments”, Proceedings of 3rd IEEE Workshop on Enabling
`Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises, April
`1994, pp. 140-154
`Ex-1043 Zygmunt J. Haas & Sanjoy Paul, “Limited-lifetime Shared-access in
`Mobile Systems” Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference
`on Communications ICC '95, June 1995 pp. 1404-1408
`Ex-1044 Mahadev Satyanarayanan, “Accessing Information on Demand at
`Any Location - Mobile Information Access”, IEEE Personal
`Communications, February 1996 pp. 26-33
`Ex-1045 Reserved
`Ex-1046 Reserved
`Ex-1047 U.S. Patent No. 7,133,685 to Hose (“Hose”)
`Ex-1048
`3GPP Location Standards Release 4.1 (March 2001)
`Ex-1049 U.S. Patent App. No. 2001/0036224 to Demello (“Demello”)
`
`viii
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 00058-0002IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. RE45,543
`
`
`Ex-1050 U.S. Patent No. 6,578,072 to Watanabe (“Watanabe”)
`Ex-1051 U.S. Patent No. 6,480,885 to Olivier (“Olivier”)
`Ex-1052 Petition for Inter Partes Review IPR2020-01379 filed August 6, 2020
`Ex-1053 U.S. Patent No. 8,099,667 to Appelman (“Appelman”)
`Ex-1054 First Amended Complaint for Patent Infringement, Ikorongo Tech.
`LLC, et al. v. Lyft, Inc., Civil Action No. 6:20-cv-258 (WDTX)
`Ex-1055 First Amended Complaint for Patent Infringement, Ikorongo Tech.
`LLC, et al. v. Bumble Trading Inc., Civil Action No. 6:20-cv-256
`(WDTX)
`Ex-1056 First Amended Complaint for Patent Infringement, Ikorongo Tech.
`LLC, et al. v. Samsung Elecs. Co., LTD., et al., Civil Action No.
`6:20-cv-259 (WDTX)
`Ex-1057 First Amended Complaint for Patent Infringement, Ikorongo Tech.
`LLC, et al. v. LG Elecs. Inc., et al., Civil Action No. 6:20-cv-257
`(WDTX)
`Ex-1058 Order Amending Scheduling Order, Ikorongo Tech. LLC, et al. v.
`Lyft, Inc., Civil Action No. 6:20-cv-258 (WDTX)
`Ex-1059 Order Amending Scheduling Order, Ikorongo Tech. LLC, et al. v.
`Bumble Trading Inc., Civil Action No. 6:20-cv-256 (WDTX)
`Ex-1060 Order Amending Scheduling Order, Ikorongo Tech. LLC, et al. v.
`Samsung Elecs. Co., LTD., et al., Civil Action No. 6:20-cv-259
`(WDTX)
`Ex-1061 Order Amending Scheduling Order, Ikorongo Tech. LLC, et al. v. LG
`Elecs. Inc., et al., Civil Action No. 6:20-cv-257 (WDTX)
`Ex-1062 Unopposed Motions for Entry of Amended Scheduling Order,
`Ikorongo Tech. LLC, et al. v. Lyft, Inc., Civil Action No. 6:20-cv-258
`(WDTX), Ikorongo Tech. LLC, et al. v. Bumble Trading Inc., Civil
`Action No. 6:20-cv-256 (WDTX), Ikorongo Tech. LLC, et al. v.
`Samsung Elecs. Co., LTD., et al., Civil Action No. 6:20-cv-259
`(WDTX), Ikorongo Tech. LLC, et al. v. LG Elecs. Inc., et al., Civil
`Action No. 6:20-cv-257 (WDTX)
`
`
`
`
`ix
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 00058-0002IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. RE45,543
`
`
`
`PRELIMINARY STATEMENT
`Lyft, Inc. and Bumble Trading LLC (collectively, “Petitioner”) request inter
`
`I.
`
`partes review of claims 32, 34, 36, 38, 39, 41, 43-49, 51, 53-62, 72, and 76 of U.S.
`
`Patent No. RE45,543 (Ex-1001). The patentability analysis of this Petition is
`
`identical to the petition filed in IPR2021-00127, and Petitioner concurrently
`
`requests joinder to that proceeding. Section XII, infra, addresses various
`
`discretionary considerations, including Petitioner’s contingent stipulation to avoid
`
`overlapping grounds in district court.
`
`II. BACKGROUND OF LOCATION-DETERMINING AND LOCATION-
`SHARING TECHNOLOGIES
`Before the ’543 patent, a wide range of terrestrial and satellite-based
`
`location technologies had been in use for years. Williams, ¶¶41-61. The 1996
`
`Telecommunications Act was the catalyst for a boom of location-based
`
`technologies across a wide breadth of industries. Williams, ¶57. For satellite
`
`communications, the U.S. GPS (Global Positioning Satellite) system triggered
`
`even more innovation in location services fields. Williams, ¶58.
`
`In the late 90s and early 2000s, developers in the wireless/mobile
`
`communications industry were implementing wireless location-based information
`
`sharing services across a variety of fields. Williams, ¶¶44-98. Key components of
`
`location determination and sharing systems included: registration, location
`
`1
`
`

`

`determination (e.g. via GPS or location service providers), and information
`
`Attorney Docket No. 00058-0002IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. RE45,543
`
`
`sharing. Williams, ¶¶59,78,84. Location sharing also quickly became widely
`
`pervasive in many fields, including the following sub-industries. Williams, ¶83;
`
`Ex-1042, Ex-1043, Ex-1044.
`
` User matching (matching users to other users or businesses to share
`
`information) (Williams, ¶¶63-71 (citing Ex-1012, Ex-1012, Ex-1013, Ex-
`
`1014, Ex-1015, Ex-1016)),
`
` social networking (Williams, ¶¶73-78 (citing Ex-1017, Ex-1018, Ex-
`
`1019)), collaboration and groupware (Williams, ¶¶79-84 (citing Ex-1020,
`
`Ex-1020, Ex-1021, Ex-1022, Ex-1023; Ex-1041)),
`
` advertising (Williams, ¶¶85-96 (citing Ex-1024, Ex-1025, Ex-1027)), and
`
` instant messaging (Williams, ¶¶96-98 (citing Ex-1005, Ex-1009)).
`
`The ’543 patent’s disclosures touch on each of these sub-industries, as does the
`
`presented prior art. Williams, ¶¶99-109.
`
`III. OVERVIEW OF PRIOR ART
`The ’543 patent was filed on May 14, 2013 with a priority claim dating back
`
`to April 24, 2001.
`
`A. Callegari
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0055983 (Ex-1005,
`
`“Callegari”) was filed on March 19, 2002, claiming priority to three provisional
`
`2
`
`

`

`applications filed on March 19, 2001: U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos.
`
`Attorney Docket No. 00058-0002IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. RE45,543
`
`
`60/277,174 (Ex-1006), 60/277,187 (Ex-1007), and 60/277,200 (Ex-1008). At least
`
`claim 1 of Callegari is supported by the provisional applications, as shown below.
`
`Williams, ¶¶100-105.
`
`Callegari
`1[pre] A
`method for
`providing a
`virtual I
`[sic]
`journal,
`comprising:
`
`Provisional Applications
`“An illustrative aspect of the invention includes a method for
`
`providing a journal. The method includes creating a journal entry
`
`that is virtually affixed to a location of interest. The method also
`
`includes presenting the journal entry to a selected person when the
`
`selected person is within the vicinity of the location of interest.”
`
`Ex-1007, 5, 36.
`
`“The method includes creating a journal entry that is virtually
`
`affixed to a location of interest. The method also includes presenting
`
`the journal entry to a selected person when the selected person is
`
`within the vicinity of the location of interest.”
`
`Id., 5, 36.
`
`“Location objects implement the data and behavior of
`
`geographical entities. Locations are added to a Realm databases [sic]
`
`based on Realm logic and a creation event. When a Real[m] is
`
`created, there are no Locations. Locations must be initialized by the
`
`1[a]
`receiving a
`journal
`entry in an
`electronic
`medium
`from a first
`user, the
`journal
`entry
`including a
`definition
`of a
`geographic
`point of
`origin and
`information
`content
`
`3
`
`

`

`creator of the Realm or through the creation event of user/s.
`
`Attorney Docket No. 00058-0002IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. RE45,543
`
`
`Locations may be created that have an area beyond the origin point
`
`and the resolution of the position determining equipment. All
`
`associated
`with the
`geographic
`point of
`origin;
`
`locations contain content.”
`
`Id., 23.
`
`“This content may be private (only accessible to the user/author)
`
`or can be shared with others in “buddy lists” for collaboration. These
`
`services may also be public, which is available to the entire user base
`
`of the system. Virtual content can be multimedia/multiformat. For
`
`example, it can include text, voice, graphics etc. Presentation of this
`
`content depends on what was created and on the individual
`
`personalized settings of people who will access this content. Virtual
`
`content creates a private or collaborative location-based messaging
`
`community. These journals or services overlay the physical world.
`
`Users can interact with the services in an ad hoc fashion. The term
`
`“content” used here refers to being location sensitive. Discrete
`
`messages, newsgroups, bulletin boards, chat rooms, or live instant
`
`messaging can all be location sensitive. The term “content”
`
`4
`
`

`

`encompasses all of these forms of communication. The term
`
`Attorney Docket No. 00058-0002IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. RE45,543
`
`
`“content” throughout may also include applications and applets.
`
`Id., 9.
`
`Id., 23-24.
`
`“Origin: the latitude and longitude (perhaps Z) that describes the
`
`reference point for the center of the location region.”
`
`
`
`Id., 16.
`
`5
`
`

`

`“A database and respective application software are
`
`Attorney Docket No. 00058-0002IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. RE45,543
`
`
`implemented to create the information system of ‘locations’ and
`
`‘content.’”
`
`Id., 17.
`
`
`
`“The system 100 includes a number of applications, such as
`
`merchant applications. These merchant applications include
`
`applications that allow the merchant to interface with the presence
`
`server to create the merchant presence. The presence server may use a
`
`number of other systems to provide the merchant presence. These
`
`other systems include a mapping system. The mapping system
`
`provides geographic addresses and routing methods to define the
`
`geographic area of the merchant presence. It may also be used by the
`
`consumer to search for a desired merchant presence within an area of
`
`interest. The database keeps information that is generated to provide
`
`the merchant presence. In one embodiment, the database is
`
`implemented using Oracle, but any suitable database technology can
`
`be used, such as Microsoft SQL server.”
`
`Id., 7.
`
`6
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 00058-0002IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. RE45,543
`
`“Acquire and link information and location from Users into an
`
`[sic] meaningfully organized database.”
`
`Id., 19, Fig. 1 (reproduced below, depicting the system 100, including
`
`the “database”).
`
`
`
`
`
`“A restaurant owner has a web site on the world wide web. The
`
`owner places a reference (URL) along with location data to this
`
`system. When people are in the area and are attempting to sense a
`
`restaurant or this restaurant, this page becomes accessible via
`
`whatever device the potential customer or interest is using.”
`
`Id., 33.
`
`7
`
`

`

`1[b]
`receiving
`an
`indication
`from a
`consumer
`device that
`includes a
`location
`defined by
`a second
`user; and
`
`Attorney Docket No. 00058-0002IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. RE45,543
`
`“A restaurant owner has a web site on the world wide web. The
`
`owner places a reference (URL) along with location data to this
`
`system. When people are in the area and are attempting to sense a
`
`restaurant or this restaurant, this page becomes accessible via