`
`Computer
`ictionary
`Fifth Edition “-5
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`PETITIONERS' EXHIBIT 1031
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`Microsoft
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`Fully updated with the latest
`technologies, terms, and acronyms
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`Easy to read, expertly illustrated
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`Definitive coverage of hardware,
`software, the lnternet, and more!
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`Page 1 of 4
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`PETITIONERS' EXHIBIT 1031
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`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 2002 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the coments of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the w1itten permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary.--5th ed.
`p. cm.
`ISBN 0-7356-1495-4
`1. Computers--Dictionaries. 2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
`
`AQ76.5 M52267 2002
`004' 03--dc21
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`200219714
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`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
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`2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 QWT
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`7 6 5 4 3 2
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`Distributed in Canada by H.B. Fenn and Company Ltd.
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`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further informa(cid:173)
`tion about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft
`Press International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at www.microsoft.com/rnspress.
`Send comments to mspinput@microsoft.com.
`
`Active Desk,op, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, ActiveStore, ActiveSync, ActiveX, Authenticode,
`BackOffice, BizTalk, ClearType, Direct3D, DirectAnimation, DirectDraw, Directlnput, DirectMusic,
`DirectPlay, DirectShow, DirectSound, DirectX, Entourage, FoxPro, FrontPage, Hotmail, IntelliEye,
`IntelliMouse, IntelliSense, JScript, MapPoint, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, Mobile Explorer, MS-DOS,
`MSN, Music Central, NetMeeting, Outlook, PhotoDraw, PowerPoint, SharePoint, UltimateTV, Visio,
`Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, Visual InterDev, Visual J++, Visual SourceSafe, Visual Studio,
`Win32, Win32s, Windows, Windows Media, Windows NT, Xbox are either registered trademarks or
`trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies. organizations. products. domain names. e-mail addresses. logos. people. places.
`and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product,
`domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Alex Blanton
`Proj ect Editor: Sandra Haynes
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`Body Part No. X0S-41929
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`Contents
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`Introduction ... .... .... ... .... ..... .. .... .. •.. .. .... .. •••.. .... ..... .. ...... •••.. .... ..... . vii
`Changes in the Fifth Edition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
`Order of Prese/llation . .. .. ....... .. .. .... ..... .. .... ... ••.. .... ..... ......... .... ..... ... vii
`Efllries . ... ...... .. ... ...... ... .. ...... . .. .. ...... ..... ...... ... .. . . ....... .... ....... . vii
`Future Primings and Editions .. ... ...... ... .. ...... .. •••.. .... ..... .. ...... ..... ....... .... ix
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`Dictionary of Computer Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
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`Appendix A:
`Common Character Sets ... ................. .. ......................... ... 587
`ANSI Character Set . ... . ... . ... . ... . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . ... 587
`Apple Macintosh Extended Character Set .. . ... . ... . .. . . ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . 593
`IBM Extended Character Set ... . ... . ... . ... . ... . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . 597
`EBCDIC Character Set . ... . ... . ... . ... . ... . ... . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . ... . ... . . .. . . .. . . 599
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`Appendix B:
`Common File Extensions ............. ........ .......... ............... ... 605
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`Appendix C:
`Instant Messaging Emoticons and Acronyms .. ... ...................... ... ... 613
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`Appendix D:
`Internet Domains ............ ............... ......................... ... 623
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`Appendix E:
`Numeric Equivalents ..................... ... ......................... ... 631
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`MFC
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`Microdrive
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`MFC fl. See Microsoft Foundation Classes.
`MFLOPS 11. Acronym for million floating-point opera(cid:173)
`tions per second. A measure of computing speed. Also
`called: megaflops.
`MFM encoding 11. See modified freque ncy modulation
`encoding.
`MFP 11. See multifunction peripheral.
`MFS fl. See Macintosh File System.
`mget 11. Short for m ultiple get. A command in most FTP
`clients with which a user can request the transfer of sev(cid:173)
`eral files at once. See also FTP' (definition 1 ).
`MHTML 11. Acronym for Multipurpose Internet Mai l
`Extension Hypertext Markup Language, or MIME
`HTML. A standard method for sending an HTML docu(cid:173)
`ment encapsulated with inline graphics, applets, linked
`documents, and other items referred to in the HTML docu(cid:173)
`ment. See also HTML, MIME.
`MHz 11. See me~ahe11z.
`Ml 11. See multiple inheritance.
`MIB 11. See Management Information Base.
`mickey 11. A unit of measure for mouse movement. One
`mickey is typically equal to 112001h of an inch.
`MICR 11. See magnetic-ink character recognition.
`micro- prefix l. In nonexact measurements, small or com(cid:173)
`pact, as in microprocessor or microcomputer. 2. Metric
`prefix meaning 10-6 (one millionth).
`microbrowser 11. An application for mobile phones that
`allows users to access tl1e Internet to send and receive e-mail
`and browse the Web. Microbrowsers don't have the full
`functionality o f a Web browser on a PC. For instance, micro(cid:173)
`browsers are capable of loading only stripped-down text ver(cid:173)
`s ions of Web pages. Most microbrowser products are built to
`utilize the Wireless Application Protocol (\YAP) standard.
`See also Wireless Application Protocol.
`microcapsule 11. In an e lectronic paper display, millions
`of tiny beads filled with dark dye and light pigment that, in
`response to an electrical charge, change color to create
`images and text. See also e lectronic paper.
`Micro Channel Architecture fl. The design of the bus in
`IBM PS/2 cosmputers (except Models 25 and 30). The
`Micro Channel is e lectrically and physically incompatible
`with the IBM PC/AT bus. Unli ke the PC/AT bus, the
`Micro Channel functions as e ither a 16-bit or a 32-bit bus.
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`TI1e Micro Channel also can be driven independently by
`multiple bus master processors.
`microchip 11. See integrated circuit.
`microcircuit n. A miniaturized e lectronic circuit etched
`on a semiconductor chip. A microcircuit is made up of
`interconnected transistors, resistors, and other compo(cid:173)
`nents. However, it is fabricated as a unit, rather than as a
`set of vacuum tubes, discrete transistors, or other e lements
`that ha'le to be w ired together. See also integrated circuit.
`microcode 11. Very low-level code that defines how a pro(cid:173)
`cessor operates. Microcode is even lower in level than
`machine code; it specifies what the processor does when it
`executes a machine-code instruction. See also machine
`code, microprogramming.
`microcomputer 11. A computer built around a single-chip
`microprocessor. Less powerful than minicomputers and
`mainframes, microcomputers have nevertheless evolved
`into very powerfu l machines capable of complex tasks.
`Technology has progressed so quickly that s tate-of-the-ai1
`microcomputers-essentially, in today's terms, a desktop
`PC-are as powerful as mainframe computers of only a
`few years ago, at a fraction of the cost. See also computer.
`microcontent 11. Short pieces of text on a Web page that
`help provide an overview of the page's contents. Micro-
`content introduces, summarizes, or enhances the macro-
`content of a Web page, and includes headings, page titles,
`ALT text, links, and s ubheads. Compare macrocontent.
`microcontroller n. A special-ptupose, s ingle-chip com-
`puter des igned and built to handle a particular, narrowly
`defined task. In addition to the central processing unit
`(CPU), a microcontroller usually contains its own mem-
`ory, input/output channels (ports), and ti mers. When part
`o f a larger piece of equipment, such as a car or a home
`appliance, a microcontro ller is an embedded system. See
`also embedded system.
`microdisplay 11. A tiny monitor screen that provides a
`full-s ize view when magnified. Microdisplays work by
`magnifying a screen as s mall as one-te nth of an inch to fill
`the user's field of vision. Microdisplays may be used with
`computers, DVD players, or handheld devices, in headsets
`and viewfinders, or anywhere a full-size monitor is
`impractical or undesirable.
`Microdrive 11. A I-inch disk drive, introduced in 1998 by
`IBM. The Microdrive is designed for use in handheld
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