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`» Strength of the pulse
`
`The normal pulse for healthy adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. The pulse rate may fluctuate and increase
`
`with exercise, illness, injury, and emotions. Females ages 12 and older, in general, tend to have faster heart rates than
`
`do males. Athletes, such as runners, who doalot of cardiovascular conditioning, may have heart rates near 40 beats
`
`per minute and experience no problems.
`
`Talong a Puise
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`inside of the elbow, or at the wrist. For most people, it is easiest to take the pulse at the wrist. If you use the lower neck,
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`Howto check your pulse
`
`As the heart forces blood through the arteries, you feel the beats by firmly pressing on the arteries, which are located
`
`close to the surface of the skin at certain points of the body. The pulse can be found on the side of the neck, on the
`
`be sure notto press too hard, and never press on the pulses on both sides of the lower neck at the same time to
`
`prevent blocking blood flow to the brain. When taking your pulse:
`
`» Using the first and second fingertips, press firmly but gently on the arteries until you feel a pulse.
`
`» Begin counting the pulse when the clock's second hand is on the 12.
`
`» Count your pulse for 60 seconds (or for 15 seconds and then multiply by four to calculate beats per minute).
`
`» When counting, do not watch the clock continuously, but concentrate on the beats of the pulse.
`
`»
`
`If unsure about your results, ask another person to countfor you.
`
`If your doctor has ordered you to check your own pulse and you are having difficulty finding it, consult your doctor or
`
`nurse for additional instruction.
`
`Whatis the respiration rate?
`
`Page 3 of 7
`
`Page 3 of 7
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`

`

`The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured whena personis
`
`at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how manytimesthe chestrises.
`
`Respiration rates may increase with fever, illness, and other medical conditions. When checking respiration,it is
`
`important to also note whether a person has anydifficulty breathing.
`
`Normal respiration rates for an adult person at rest range from 12 to 16 breaths per minute.
`
`Whatis blood pressure?
`
`Blood pressureis the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls during contraction and relaxation of the heart.
`
`Each time the heart beats, it pumpsblood into the arteries, resulting in the highest blood pressure as the heart
`
`contracts. When the heart relaxes, the blood pressurefalls.
`
`Two numbers are recorded when measuring blood pressure. The higher number,or systolic pressure, refers to the
`
`pressure inside the artery when the heart contracts and pumpsblood through the body. The lower number,or diastolic
`
`raised by the pressure of the blood. Today, your doctor's office is more likely to use a simple dial for this measurement.
`
`High blood pressure
`
`(https://www.hopkinsmedicine.orghttps://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/adult/cardiovascular diseases/highb
`
`lood_pressure hypertension 85,P00224), or hypertension, directly increases the risk of heart attack, heart failure, and
`
`stroke. With high blood pressure, the arteries may have an increased resistance against the flow of blood, causing the
`
`heart to pump harder to circulate the blood.
`
`pressure, refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heartis at rest and is filling with blood. Both the systolic and
`diastolic pressures are recorded as "mm Hg"(millimeters of mercury). This recording represents how high the mercury
`column in an old-fashioned manual blood pressure device (called a mercury manometer or sphygmomanometer)is
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`Blood pressure is categorized as normal, elevated, or stage 1 or stage 2 high blood pressure:
`
`» Normal blood pressureis systolic of less than 120 and diastolic of less than 80 (120/80)
`
`» Elevated blood pressureis systolic of 120 to 129 and diastolic less than 80
`
`» Stage 1 high blood pressureis systolic is 130 to 139 or diastolic between 80 to 89
`
`» Stage 2 high blood pressure is when systolic is 140 or higher or the diastolic is 90 or higher
`
`These numbers should be used as a guide only. A single blood pressure measurementthat is higher than normal is not
`
`necessarily an indication of a problem. Your doctor will want to see multiple blood pressure measurementsover several
`
`days or weeksbefore making a diagnosis of high blood pressure and starting treatment. Ask your provider when to
`
`contact him or her if your blood pressure readings are not within the normal range.
`
`Page 4 of 7
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`Page 4 of 7
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`

`

`Whyshould I monitor my blood pressure at home?
`
`For people with hypertension, home monitoring allows your doctor to monitor how much your blood pressure changes
`
`during the day, and from dayto day. This may also help your doctor determine how effectively your blood pressure
`
`medication is working.
`
`Either an aneroid monitor, which has a dial gauge and is read by looking at a pointer, or a digital monitor, in which the
`
`blood pressure reading flashes on a small screen, can be used to measure blood pressure.
`
`About the aneroid monitor
`
`The aneroid monitor is less expensive than the digital monitor. The cuff is inflated by hand by squeezing a rubber bulb.
`
`Some units even have a special feature to makeit easier to put the cuff on with one hand. However, the unit can be
`
`easily damaged and become less accurate. Because the person using it mustlisten for heartbeats with the stethoscope,
`
`it may not be appropriate for the hearing-impaired.
`
`Aboutthe digital monitor
`
`Whatspecial equipmentis needed to measure blood pressure?
`
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`The digital monitor is automatic, with the measurements appearing on a small screen. Because the recordings are easy
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`
`since there is no needto listen to heartbeats through the stethoscope,this is a good device for hearing-impaired
`
`patients. One disadvantage is that body movementoran irregular heart rate can change the accuracy. These units are
`
`also more expensive than the aneroid monitors.
`
`About finger and wrist blood pressure monitors
`
`Tests have shownthat finger and/or wrist blood pressure devices are not as accurate in measuring blood pressure as
`
`other types of monitors. In addition, they are more expensive than other monitors.
`
`Before you measure your blood pressure:
`
`The American Heart Association recommends the following guidelines for home blood pressure monitoring:
`
`» Don't smokeor drink coffee for 30 minutes before taking your blood pressure.
`
`» Go to the bathroom beforethe test.
`
`» Relax for 5 minutes before taking the measurement.
`
`Page 5 of 7
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`Page 5 of 7
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`Page 6 of 7
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`Blood Pressure and Alzheimer's Risk: What's the Connection?
`
`(https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-
`diseases/alzheimers-disease/blood-pressure-and-alzheimers-risk-
`whats-the-connection)
`
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`Related Topics
`Preparing for an Emergency(https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/preparing-for-an-emergency)
`EverydaySafety(https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/everyday-safety)
`Heart and Vascular (https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/heart-and-vascular)
`High Blood Pressure/Hypertension (https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/high-blood-pressure-
`hypertension)
`
`Copyright © 2021 The Johns Hopkins University, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, and Johns Hopkins Health System. All rights reserved.
`
`Page 7 of 7
`
`Page 7 of 7
`
`

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