(12) United States Patent
`(10) Patent No.:
`US 8,265,096 B2
`
`Zheng et a1.
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Sep. 11, 2012
`
`U5008265096B2
`
`(54) METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING FRAME
`STRUCTURES
`
`(75)
`
`.
`.
`(73) Ass1gnee.
`
`( ’1‘ ) Notice:
`
`,
`,
`.
`,
`,
`.
`111VCIIIOI‘SI Yan-Xlu éheng, 511111111 (1 “1); Ren-Jr
`C hen. Hsmchu (TW); Chang-Lung
`Hsiao, Hsinchu (TW); Pang-An Ting,
`Fongymn (TW)
`Y
`.
`Industrial Technology Research
`Institute, Hsmchu (TW)
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`‘
`e
`,
`e
`U‘S‘C‘ 174mb} 38“ days‘
`(21) APPL NO-I 12/168,855
`22
`l-"l d:
`J l. 7 2008
`1 C
`u
`’
`Prior Publication Data
`
`)
`(
`(65)
`
`7,110,350 B2
`7,586,887 B2 "‘
`7,809,020 B2 ’1‘
`8,077,592 B2
`2002/0034172 A1 >3
`2004/0223478 A1 *
`2005/0063345 A1
`2005/0111529 A1 *
`2005/0180461 A1
`2006/0018279 A1
`2006/0227778 A 1
`2007/0097946 A1 *
`2007/0155315 A1
`2007/0189149 A1 1‘
`2008/0095195 A1 *
`2008/0285513 A1 *
`2009/0016371 A1
`2009/0116435 A1 *
`2011/0222504 A1
`2012/0140730 A1 *
`
`
`21 e1 11].
`9/2006
`9/2009 Trachcwsky .
`370/338
`.
`
`10/2010
`)ouglas ct a].
`..
`.
`.. 370/474
`12/2011 \Vebster et al.
`
`370/338
`30200:!
`10 ................
`
`.. 370/338
`11/2004 Tischer et a].
`3/2005 Wu et al.
`5/2005 Bradley ........................ 375/148
`8/2005
`(an et al.
`1/2006 Agrawal el al.
`10/2006 Jin el :11.
`370/349
`5/2007 Mujtaba
`7/2007
`_CC ct al.
`8/2007 Tcrabc ...............
`.. 370/491
`
`4/2008 Ahmadi et al.
`370/478
`..........
`.. 370/329
`11/2008 Jun et al.
`g
`1/2009 Zheng eta].
`5/2009
`{oorapaty et al.
`9/2011 Ma et a1.
`6/2012 Niarks et al.
`
`370/329
`370/330
`
`
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`WO 2006/092852
`*
`8/2006
`
`WC
`
`us 2009/0016371 A1
`
`Jan. 15, 2009
`
`* 01th by exammcr
`
`(60)
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`,
`,
`,
`,
`,
`Prov131onal app11cat1on No. 60/929,798, filed on Jul.
`12, 2007, provisional application No. 60/973,157,
`filed on Sep. 17, 2007.
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl,
`(2006.01)
`H04J 3/24
`370/473; 370/474; 370/476; 455/448
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`(58) Field of Classification Search .................. 370/329,
`370/478, 491, 349, 469, 473, 474, 476, 338;
`375/148S 3 54
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`5,491,531 A *
`2/1996 Adamselal.
`6,904,550 B2
`6/2005 Sibecas elal.
`
`375/354
`
`Primary Examiner 7 Jeffrey M Rutkowski
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm 7 Alston & Bird LLP
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`A method ofconstructing a frame structure for data transmis-
`sion, the method comprising generating a first section com—
`prising data configured in a first format compatible with a first
`communication system, generating a second section follow—
`ing the first section, the second section comprising data con-
`figured ina second format compatible Witha second commu—
`nication system. wherein the second format is different from
`the first format, generating at least one non-data section con-
`taining information describing an aspect of data in at least one
`ofthe first section and the second section, and combining the
`first section, the second section and the at lea st one non—data
`section to form the frame structure,
`
`43 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 11, 2012
`
`Sheet 1 of6
`
`US 8,265,096 B2
`
`
`Time ’
`10—2
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 11, 2012
`
`Sheet 2 of6
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`US 8,265,096 B2
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 11, 2012
`
`Sheet 3 of 6
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`US 8,265,096 B2
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 11, 2012
`
`Sheet 4 of 6
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`US 8,265,096 B2
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 11, 2012
`
`Sheet 5 of 6
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`US 8,265,096 B2
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 11, 2012
`
`Sheet 6 0f6
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`US 8,265,096 B2
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`

`US 8,265,096 B2
`
`1
`METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING FRAIWE
`STRUCTURES
`
`CROSS-REFEREN CE TO RELATED
`APPLICATION
`
`This application claims the benefit of US. Provisional
`Application No, 60/929,798, entitled “Frame Structure in
`Wireless Communication Systems,“ filed Jul. 12, 2007, and
`60/973,157, entitled “Bandwidth Scalable OFDMA Frame
`Structure,” filed Sep. 17, 2007. These applications are hereby
`incorporated by reference in their entirety.
`BACKGROUND
`
`The present invention generally relates to orthogonal fre-
`quency—division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, and
`more particularly, the present invention relates to methods for
`constructing frame structures in OFDMA systems.
`Orthogonal
`Frequency Division Multiple Access
`(OFDMA) is a multiple access scheme for transmitting data
`in different subcarriers in a channel, wherein the data may
`come from different users and may be transmitted in disjoint
`subsets of sub-channels in a transmission bandwidth. The
`orthogonality property among the subcarriers may allow
`simultaneous transmission of data from different users with-
`out interference from one other. The multiple access scheme
`of the OFDMA may generally be applied in various commu-
`
`nication systems, such as those defined in TEEE standard
`802.160 (“legacy system” hereafter) and IEEE standard
`802.16m (“new system” hereafter). The new system defined
`in the IEFE standard 802.] 6m may be required to provide
`enhanced spectrum efficiency, higher speed tolerance and full
`backward compatibility with the legacy system defined in the
`TEEE standard 802.16e.
`FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an OFDMA frame structure
`
`under the IEEE 802.16 standard. Referring to FIG. 1, the
`frame structure may include a downlink sub-frame (DI, sub-
`frarne) 16 and an uplink sub—frarne (UL sub—frame) 18. The
`UL sub—frame 18 may follow the DL sub-frame 16 in time
`domain with a transmit/receive transmission gap (FIG) 17
`from the DL sub-frame 16. Moreover, the frame structure
`may be separated from the next frame structure, led by a
`preamble 10—2, by a receive/transmit transmission gap (RTG)
`19,
`The DL sub-frame 16 may include a preamble 10-1, a
`frame control header (FCI—I) 11, a downlink map (UL-MAP)
`12, a downlink burst (DL burst#1) 13 and a data region
`(DATA) 14-1. The UL sub-frame 18 may include a ranging
`sub-channel 15 and a data region (DATA) 14—2. Since the
`DL—MAP 12 may be used to identify the division or structure
`ofthe DATA 14-1 in the DL sub-frame 16, it may be desirable
`to integrate the OFDMA frame structure of an old OFDMA
`system with that of a new OFDMA system by using the
`Dl.—MAP 12 to define different zones in the DATA 14—] and
`DATA 14-2 ofthe frame structure for data ofthe old OFDMA
`system and data of the new OFDMA system.
`FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a placement of guiding
`signals (or pilot symbols) 24-1 for time-domain and fre-
`quency-domain OFDMA signals under the IEEE 802.16 stan-
`dard. Referring to FIG. 2, upper and lower frequency bands
`may serve as guard bands 22—1 and 22-2, respectively, which
`may not be used to carry information. The placement of
`information may include a first part and a second part. For
`example, the first part of the placement includes a preamble
`10‘-1 having a fixed length, and the second part of the place-
`ment includes data and guard intervals between an upper row
`
`2
`and a lower row of the data interlaced with the pilot symbols
`24-1, represented by blocks marked with “X”. In some appli-
`cations such placement of information may be inflexible to
`bandwidth scaling due to the fixed-length preambles 10‘-1
`and/or 10‘—2 and the often unusable guard bands 22—1 and
`22-2. Moreover, the placement may be susceptible to a Dop-
`pler effect in a high mobility scenario because the placement
`may be usually designed with a relatively large symbol
`period, which in turn may induce relatively short carrier spac—
`ing and less dense pilot symbol placement. Moreover, the
`limitation on pilot symbol placement may can se channel esti—
`mation error at a receiving end because of insufficient infor-
`mation provided for charmel estimation.
`SUMMARY
`
`10
`
`15
`
`
`
`Examples of the present invention may provide a method
`for constructing a frame structure for data transmission, the
`method comprising generating a first section comprising data
`configured in a first format compatible with a first communi-
`ca ion system, generating a second section following the first
`section comprising data configured in a second format com-
`patible with a second communication system, wherein the
`second format is different from the first format, generating at
`least one non-data section containing information describing
`an aspect of data in at least one of the first section and the
`second section, and combining the first section, the second
`section and the at least one non—data section to form the frame
`structure.
`
`Examples ofthe present invention may provide a method of
`generating a frame for transferring data in a communication
`system. The communication system may include a first sys—
`tem and a second system. The method may include generating
`a first sub—frame for downlink transmission, wherein the first
`sub-frame comprises a first region comprising first mapping
`information, a second region comprising second mapping
`information, and a third region carrying data to be transferred
`in the downlink transmission, the third region comprising a
`first sub—region and a second sub—region, wherein the first
`sub-region and second sub-region are defined by the first
`mapping information, the first sub-region being capable of
`carrying first data of the first system and the second sub-
`region being capable of carrying second data of the second
`system in the downlink transmission, and generating a second
`sub-frame for uplink transmission, wherein the second sub-
`frame comprises a fourth region carrying data to be trans-
`ferred in the uplink transmission, the fourth region compris-
`ing a third sub-region and a fourth sub-region, wherein the
`third sub—region and the fourth sub—region are defined by the
`second mapping information,
`the third sub—region being
`capable ofcarrying third data of the first system and the fourth
`sub-region being capable ofcarrying fourth data ofthe second
`system in the uplink transmission.
`Examples of the present invention may also provide a
`method of generating a frame for transferring data in a com—
`munication system. The communication system may include
`a first system and a second system. The method may include
`generating a first frame comprising a first sub-frame for
`downlink transmission and a second sub-frame for uplink
`transmission in a first band, generating a second frame com—
`prising a third sub—frame for downlink transmission and a
`fourth sub-frame for uplink transmission in a second band,
`identifying a guard band between the first band and the sec-
`ond band, and generating a third frame comprising a fifth
`sub-frame for downlink transmission and a sixth sub-frame
`for uplink transmission in the guard band.
`
`40
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`US 8,265,096 B2
`
`3
`Examples of the present invention may provide a method
`for allocating information in a frame of a communication
`system. The communication system may include a first sys-
`tem and a second system. The frame may be used for first data
`transmission of the first system and second data transmission
`of the second system. The method may include allocating
`data ofthe first system and the second system in first mapp ing
`information, dividing a data region ofthe frame to form a first
`sub-region and a second sub-region according to the first
`mapping infomiation, performing the first data transmission
`of the first system by using the first sub-region and perform-
`ing the second data transmission of the second system by
`using the second sub—region.
`Examples of the present invention may provide another
`method for allocating infonnation in a frame of a communi-
`cation system. The frame may include a first frame, a second
`frame and a band between the first frame and the second
`frame. The communication system may include a first system
`and a second system. The frame may be used for first data
`transmission of the first system and second data transmission
`of the second system. The method may include allocating
`data ofthe first system and the second system in first mapping
`information or second mapping information, dividing a data
`region of the first frame or the second frame to form a first
`sub-region, a second sub—region, a third sub—region or a sec-
`ond sub—region in the data region of the first frame or the
`second frame according to the first mapping information or
`the second mapping information, performing the first data
`transmission ofthe first system by using the first sub—region or
`the third sub—region and performing the second data transmis-
`sion of the second system by using the second sub—region or
`the fourth sub-region.
`Additional features and advantages of the present inven-
`tion will be set forth in part in the description which follows,
`and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be
`learned by practice of the invention. The features and advan-
`tages of the invention will be realized and attained by means
`of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in
`the appended claims.
`It is to be understood that both the foregoing general
`description and the following detailed description are exem-
`plary and explanatory only and are not restrictive ofthe inven-
`tion, as claimed.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed
`description of the invention, will be better understood when
`read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the
`purpose of illustrating the invention, there are shown in the
`drawings examples which are presently preferred. It should
`be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the
`precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.
`In the drawings:
`FIG. 1
`is a diagram illustrating an orthogonal frequency-
`division multiple access (OFDMA) frame structure under the
`IEEE 802.16 standard;
`FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a placement of guiding
`
`signals for OFDMA signals under the IEEE 802.16 standard;
`FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an OFDMA frame structure
`according to an example of the present invention;
`FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an OFDMA frame structure
`supporting high mobility according to an example of the
`present invention;
`FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an OFDMA frame structure
`with a scalable bandwidth according to an example of the
`present invention;
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`FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating an OFDMA frame struc-
`ture supporting high mobility and having a scalable band-
`width according to an example of the present invention;
`FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating an OFDMA frame struc-
`ture supporting high mobility and having a scalable band—
`width according to another example of the present invention;
`amd
`FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary placement of
`signals and pilots in tirne—domain and frequency—domain of
`an OFDMA system supporting high mobility and having a
`scalable bandwidth.
`
`
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`Reference will now be made in detail to various embodi—
`ments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in
`the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same
`reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to
`refer to the same or like parts.
`
`Examples ofthe present invention may allow data ofan old
`orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA)
`system (hereinafter a legacy system) and data of a new
`OFDMA system to co—exist in an OFDIVIA frame by changing
`a frame structure of the OFDMA frame. The new OFDMA
`system may have a larger bandwidth and support higher
`mobility, and may use an updated transmission technology. In
`order to be backward compatible with the old OFDMA sys—
`tem, the new OFDMA system may be developed based on the
`old OFDMA system. Throughout the specification, a “new"
`or “extended” system or standard may refer to an “updated,”
`“evolved” or “next-generation” system or standard, while a
`“legacy” system or standard may refer to an “old” or “cur—
`ren ” system or standard. For example, a “new” standard may
`be a standard that is in use as of the date of the filing of this
`application, and a “legacy” standard may be a standard that is
`in use prior to the date ofthe filing ofthis application and may
`be still in use for some time after the filing ofthis application.
`FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an OFDMA frame structure
`according to an example ofthe present invention. Referring to
`FIG. 3, the OFDMA frame structure may include a downlink
`sub-frame (DL sub-frame) 16 and an uplink sub-frame (UL
`sub-frame) 18. The DL sub-frame 16 may include a preamble
`10—1, an FCH 11, a DL—MAP 12, a DL burst #1 13 with an
`UP-MAP (not shown), and a data region including DATA
`30-1 (zone 1) and DATA 30-2 (zone 2). The UL sub-frame 13
`may include a ranging sub-channel 15 and a data region
`including DATA 34-1 (zone 1) and DATA 34-2 (zone 2).
`Data of the new OFDMA system (the extended system)
`may be carried in extended zones, that is, the DATA 30—2
`2md/or the DATA 34—2, allocated to the DI. sub—frame 16
`and/or the UL sub-frame 18, respectively. Furthermore, the
`extended system in the data region DATA 30-2 and/or the
`DATA 34-2 may have the same symbol period or the same
`placement of pilot symbols as the old system (the legacy
`system) in the data region DATA 30—1 and the DATA 34—1,
`respectively, in the OFDMA frame structure. In one example,
`the data region including the two zones DA'lA 30-1 (zone 1)
`and DATA 30-2 (zone 2), for the old system and the new
`system, respectively, may be placed according to the mapping
`information of the two zones defined in the DL—MAP 11.
`Similarly, the data region of the UL sub-frame 18 including
`the two zones DATA 34—1 (zone 1) and DATA 34—2 (zone 2),
`for the old OFDMA system and the new OFDMA system,
`respectively, may be placed according to the mapping infor-
`mation of the two zones defined in the UL-MAP in the DL
`burst #1 13.
`
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`US 8,265,096 B2
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`5
`FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an OFDMA frame structure
`supporting high mobility according to an example of the
`present invention. Referring to FIG. 4, the OFDMA frame
`structure may be similar to that described and illustrated with
`reference to FIG. 3 except that, for example, a DL sub-frame
`16-2 may ftrrther include a preamble 43, a sub —MAP 42-2 and
`a data region DATA 40-3 (zone 3), and a UL sub-frame 18-2
`may further include a data region DATA 44-3 (zone 3). To
`support communication in a high-mobility environment, the
`zones 3 for the new system (the extended system) under high
`mobility ma ' be allocated to the data region of both the DL
`sub-frame 16—2 and the UL sub—frarne 18-2. The DATA 40—3
`and/or 44-3 (zones 3) may have a shorter symbol period or
`more pilot symbols placed therein than the DATA 40-1, 40-2,
`44-1 and 44-2 in order to enhance the perfomiance ofchaimel
`estimation. Generally, a shorter symbol period may be more
`robust to inter—symbol interference, While denser pilot sym-
`bols may achieve better channel estimation accuracy. More-
`over, the DATA 40-3 of the DL sub-frame 16-2 for the new
`system (extended system) under high mobility may be
`divided based on the mapping information defined in at least
`one ofthe DL-MAP 11 and the sub—MAP 42-2 ofDATA 40-3,
`and the DATA 44—3 of the UL sub-frame 18—2 for the new
`system (extended system) under high mo bility may be
`divided based on the mapping infomiation defined in the
`UL-MAP (not shown) in the DL burst#1 13. Placements of
`pilot symbols, symbol periods of OFDM symbols and FFT
`sizes in the zones 1 for the old (legacy) system and the zones
`2 for the new (extended) system may be the same in the DL
`sub-frame 16-2 and the UL sub-frame 18-2. The preamble 43
`placed in front ofthe zone 3 ofthe DL sub-frame 16-2 for the
`new system (extended system) may be used to support high
`mobility. As compared to the zones in the data region of the
`UL sub—fraine 18—2 or the DL sub-frame 16—2 of the old/
`legacy system or the new/extended system, the placements of
`the pilot symbols may be denser, the symbol periods of
`OFDM symbols may be shorter and the FFT sizes may be
`smaller in the DATA 40-3 and/or DATA 44-3 of the DI.
`sub-frame 16—2 or the UL sub-frame 18—2, respectively, for
`the extended system under high mobility.
`FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an OFDMA frame structure
`with a scalable bandwidth according to an example of the
`present invention. Referring to FIG. 5, the OFDMA frame
`structure may include a first frame structure 500, a second
`frame structure 502 and a third frame structure 504. The first
`frame structure 500 may include a first DL sub-frame 16-3a
`and a first UL sub-frame 18-3a, the second frame structure
`502 may include a second DL sub-frame 16-319 and a second
`UL sub-frame 18-31), and the third frame structure 504 may
`include a third DL sub-frame 16—30 and a third UL sub-frame
`18-30. The first frame structure 500, which may be allocated
`to a first band, may be similar to the frame structure described
`and illustrated with reference to FIG. 3. Specifically, the first
`DL sub-frame 16-3a of the first frame structure 500 may
`include a preamble 50—1, an FCH, a DI.—MAP 54-], a DI.
`burst #1 55—1 with an UL MAP (not shown), DATA 56—1
`(zone 1) for the old OFDMA system (legacy system) and
`DATA 56-3a (zone 2) for the new OFDMA system (extended
`system). The first U; sub-frame 18-311 of the first frame
`
`structure 500 may inc ride a ranging sub-chaimel 58-1, DATA
`59-2 (zone 1) in the data region for the old OFDMA system
`(legacy system) and DATA 59-111 (zone 2) in the data region
`for the new OFDMA system (extended system).
`The second frame structure 502, which may be allocated to
`a second band, may be similar to the frame structure
`described and illustrated with reference to FIG. 3. Similarly,
`the second DL sub—frarne 16—3b ofthe second frame structure
`
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`502 may include a preamble 52-1, an FCH, a DL-MAP 54-2,
`a DL burst #1 55-2 with an UL MAP (not shown), DATA 56-2
`(zone 1) in a data region for the old OFDMA system (legacy
`system) and DATA 56—317 (7one 2) in the data region for the
`new OFDMA system (extended system), and the second UL
`sub—frame 18—319 of the second frame structure 502 may
`include a ranging sub-chaimel 58-2, DATA 59-3 (zone 1) in a
`data region for the old OFDMA system (legacy system) and
`DATA 59-4 (zone 2) in the data region for the new OFDMA
`system (extended system).
`The third frame structure 504, which may be allocated to a
`third band, may be arrtmged between the first frame structure
`500 and the second frame structure 502. Specifically, a guard
`band between the first frame structure 500 and the second
`frame structure 502 may serve as the third frame structure 504
`to facilitate data transmission. Unlike the guard band 22-] or
`22—2 in FIG. 2, data to be transmitted in the new (extended)
`system or a high-mobility system may be allocated to a guard
`band between the first frame structure 500 and the second
`frame structure 502. The third frame structure 504 may
`include a third DL sub-frame 16-30 and a third UL sub-frame
`18—30. The DL sub—frarne 16—30 may include a preamble 51—1,
`an FCH, a DL—MAP aird a data region DATA 56—30 (zone 3)
`for the new (extended) system. Furthermore, the UL sub-
`frame 18-3c may include a data region DATA 59-117 for the
`new (extended) system.
`An OFDMA frame structure thus constructed may have a
`scalable bandwidth. For example, data of the old (legacy)
`OFDMA system in the zones 1 of the first frame structure 500
`and the second frame structure 502 may be transmitted in
`parallel using the first band and second band, respectively,
`and data of the new (extended) OFDMA system in the third
`frame structure 504 and the zones 2 ofthe first frame structure
`500 and the second frame structure 502 may be together
`transmitted using the first, second and third bands. In one
`example, the first, second and third bands may be contiguous
`with one another. Furthermore, upper and a lower guard
`bands (not shown) may be required to transmit the OFDMA
`frame structure via the first, second and third bands.
`The “zone 1” 56-1 of the first frame structure 500 and the
`“zone 1” 56-2 of the second frame structure 502 may be
`divided from the data region in the DL sub-frame 16-3a ofthe
`first frame structure 500 and the data region in the DL sub-
`frame 16-31) of the second frame structure 502, respectively,
`according to the mapping information in the DL—MAP 54—1
`and the DL-MAP 54-2, respectively. Similarly, the UL sub-
`frame 18-3a of the first frame structure 500 and the UL
`sub-frame 18-319 of the second frame structure 502 may be
`divided based on the mapping information in the UL-MAP in
`the DL burst #1 55-1 of the first frame structure 500 and the
`UL—MAP in the DL burst#1 55-2 of the second frame struc—
`ture 502, respectively.
`The guard band 504, which is in a frequency spectrum not
`used in the old or legacy system, may be used to transfer data
`in the present example, and the data region ofthe guard hand
`may be divided based on the mapping information in at least
`one ofthe DL—MAP 54-1 or the DL-MAP 54—2. The preamble
`part ofthe extended frame structure described and illustrated
`with reference to FIG. 5 may include the preamble 50-1 and
`the preamble 52-1. The preamble 51-1 may carry data, or may
`carry no information. Moreover, the DI ,-MAP and the FCI—I in
`the guard band 504 may be used to divide the data regions
`56—30 zmd 59—1b. In one example, a Sub-MAP (not shown)
`may be placed in the DATA 56-30 for further description of
`the extended system.
`FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating an example of an
`OFDMA frame structure supporting high mobility and hav—
`
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`US 8,265,096 B2
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`7
`ing a scalable bandwidth according to an example of the
`present invention. Referring to FIG. 6A, the frame structure
`may be similar to the frame structure in FIG. 5 except that, for
`example, regions related to zones 3 for a hi gh—mobility envi-
`romnent may be added. Specifically. in a BL sub—frame 16-4,
`a first region may include a preamble 68. a sub-MAP 67—2 and
`DATA 66-4, and in a UL sub-frame 18-4, a second region may
`include DATA 69-3 and 69-6 (zones 3). DATA 66-4, 69-3 and
`69-6 may be allocated for the new OFDMA system (extended
`system) under high mobility. The DI. sub—frame 16-4 maybe
`divided according to the mapping information in DL —MAP 1.
`DL—MAP 2 and DL—MAP 3, while the UL sub-frame 18—4
`may be divided according to the map information in UL-
`MAPs in DL burst#1 65-1 and/or 65-2. A portion ofthe guard
`band that overlaps data zones 69-1 and 69-2 in the UL sub-
`frame 18-4 may be used to transmit data in the extended
`system. In one example. placements ofpilot symbols, symbol
`periods of OFDM symbols and FFT sizes in the zones 1 for
`the old (legacy) system and the zones 2 for the new (extended)
`system may be the same in the DL sub -frame 16-4 and the UL
`sub-frame 18-4. As compared to the zones in the data region
`of the DL sub-frame 16-4 or the UL sub—frame 18—4 of the
`old/legacy system or the new/extended system. the place-
`ments ofthe pilot symbols may be denser, the symbol periods
`of OFDM symbols may be shorter and the FFT sizes may be
`smaller in the zones 3 of the UL sub-frame 18-4 or the DL
`sub-frame 16—4 for the extended system under high mobility.
`FIG, 6B is a diagram illustrating an OFDMA frame struc-
`ture supporting high mobility and having a scalable band-
`width according to another example of the present invention.
`Referring to FIG. 6B, the OFDMA frame structure may be
`similar to the OFDMA frame structure described or illus-
`trated with reference to FIG. 6A except that, for example, the
`zone 2 in a UL sub—franie 18—4' using the guard band may be
`transmitted after the zone 3 in the UL sub-frame 13—4', and the
`locations of zones 1 for the legacy system and zones 3 for the
`new (extended) system for high mobility are swapped.
`FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary placement of
`signals and pilots in time-domain and frequency-domain of
`an OFDMA system supporting high mobility and having a
`scalable bandwidth. Referring to FIG. 7, an upper band and a
`lower band may be guard bands 73-1 and 73-3, respectively.
`In the prior art, guard bands do not carry any data or signals in
`a conventional OFDMA system. Consistent with some
`examples of the present invention, the guard bands 73 —1 and
`73 -3 may be used to carry data or signals. Moreover, to satisfy
`backward compatibility, preambles 70-1 and 72-1 may be
`similar to those in the conventional OFDMA system. Similar
`to those described and illustrated with reference to FIGS. 6A
`and 6B, signals. pilot symbols, both, or neither maybe placed
`in a preamble 71-1. The placement may define one or more
`regions, which may include, for example, regions 74-1, 74-2,
`76-1 and 76-2 for the old (legacy) OFDMA system, regions
`74-3 and 76-3 for the new (extended) OFDMA system sup-
`porting lower mobility, and regions 74—4 and 76—4 for the new
`system supporting high mobility. The old OFDMA system
`and the new OFDMA system supporting lower mobility may
`use the same frequency intervals or the placement of pilot
`symbols. The new OFDMA system supporting high mobility
`may use larger frequency intervals or shorter OFDM symbol
`period to avoid frequency jitter. Therefore, the placement of
`the pilot symbols in a first region such as one of the regions
`74-1, 74—2, 76—1 and 76-2 of a frame structure divided for