`
`
`
`DECLARATION OF TRANSLATOR
`
`
`
`I, COREY COLLING, hereby declare as follows:
`
`1.
`
`My name is COREY COLLING. I provide this declaration on behalf
`
`of Park IP at the request of Unified Patents, LLC.
`
`2.
`
`I am a professional translator, fluent in Korean and English. I work as
`
`a contractor for Park IP.
`
`3.
`
`I reviewed the original Korean version of Korean Patent KR 10-
`
`0180173 B1 and prepared the English translation attached hereto. The English translation
`
`is a true, complete, and accurate translations of KR 10-0180173 B1.
`
`4.
`
`In signing this declaration, I recognize that the declaration will be filed
`
`as evidence in a case before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board of the United States Patent
`
`and Trademark Office. I also recognize that I may be subject to cross-examination in the
`
`case and that cross-examination will take place within the United States. If cross-
`
`examination is required of me, I will appear for cross-examination within the United States
`
`during the time allotted for cross-examination.
`
`5.
`
`All statements made herein of my own knowledge are true and all
`
`statements made on information and belief are believed to be true. These statements
`
`were made with the knowledge that willful false statements and the like so made are
`
`punishable by fine or imprisonment, or both (18 U.S.C. § 1001).
`
`
`
`
`
`Dated: Sept. 27, 2020
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`COREY COLLING
`
`15 W. 37th Street 8th Floor
`New York, NY 10018
`212.581.8870
`ParkIP.com
`
`Unified Patents, LLC v. Elects. & Telecomm. Res. Inst., et al.
`
`Ex. 1013, p. 1
`
`

`

`1019950005798
`
`(19) Korean Intellectual Property Office (KR)
`(12) Publication of Registration (B1)
`
`
`(45) Publication date May 1, 1999
`(11) Registration No. 10-0180173
`(24) Registration date
`November 30, 1998
`(65) Publication No.
`Patent 1996-0036695
`(43) Publication date
`October 28, 1996
`
`10-1995-0005798
`March 20, 1995
`
`DAEWOO ELECTRONICS CO., LTD
`541, Namdaemunno 5-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul
`CHUNG, Hae-Mook
`102-1305, Hyundai Apt., Gongdeok-2-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul
`
`BAE, Soon-Hoon
`
`JIN Cheon-Woong, PARK Tae-Woo
`
`(51) . Int. Cl. 6
`H04N 7/24
`
`(21) Application No.
`(22) Application date
`
`(73) Assignee(s)
`
`(72) Inventor(s)
`
`(74) Agent(s)
`
`Examiner: BYUN, Chang-Kyu
`(54) OBJECT CODER
`Abstract
`
`The present invention relates to an object coder, and comprises an image dividing unit (10) for blocking the contour portion of an object into
`8x8 pixel blocks; a DCT unit (20) for converting the 8x8 pixel blocks into 8x8 frequency coefficient blocks; a zigzag scanning unit (30) for
`zigzag-scanning the 8x8 frequency coefficient blocks to output them by performing run-length encoding; a vertical scanning unit (40) for
`vertically scanning the 8x8 frequency coefficient blocks to output them by performing run-length encoding; a horizontal scanning unit (50)
`for horizontally scanning the 8x8 frequency coefficient blocks to output them by performing run-length encoding; an edge detection unit (60)
`for detecting the edge of the object blocked into the 8x8 pixel blocks and outputting a scanning selection signal according to the direction of
`the edge; and a selector (70) for outputting after selecting an output of one of the zigzag scanning unit (30), the vertical scanning unit (40),
`and the horizontal scanning unit (50) according to the scanning selection signal, and performs scanning by selecting an appropriate scanning
`direction according to the edge direction of the object after performing DCT on the contour portion of the blocked object, thereby having an
`effect of reducing the amount of image data.
`
`Representative figure
`
`Object
`
`Image divider
`
`Edge detector
`
`Selection signal
`
`Zigzag scanning unit
`
`Selector
`
`Vertical scanning unit
`
`Horizontal scanning unit
`
`(send)
`
`(send)
`
`
`
`Specifications
`
`[Title of the Invention]
`
`Object coder
`
`(An object coder)
`
`[Brief description of the drawings]
`
`FIG. 1 is a drawing showing a state in which the contour of an object is blocked.
`
`FIG. 2 is a system diagram of an object coder according to the present invention.
`
`FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a scanning method according to the present invention.
`
`* Description of reference numerals for major parts of the drawings
`
`10: Image divider
`
`
`
`20: DCT unit
`
`30: Zigzag scanning unit
`
`40: Vertical scanning unit
`
`50: Horizontal scanning unit
`
`60: Edge detector
`
`5-1
`
`Unified Patents, LLC v. Elects. & Telecomm. Res. Inst., et al.
`
`Ex. 1013, p. 2
`
`

`

`1019950005798
`
`70: Selector
`
`
`
`80: Variable length coder (VLC)
`
`[Detailed description of the invention]
`
`The present invention relates to an object coder, and in particular, to an object coder for blocking the contour of an object and subsequently
`scanning a frequency coefficient created by performing Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) in various directions according to the edge direction
`of the object to reduce the amount of image data.
`
`Currently, a multi-media environment in which computers and multimedia, such as communications and broadcasting, are combined and
`integrated has developed in various ways, and starting at the end of this century, the era of multimedia, which can be considered as the crown
`jewel of the information communication sector, will begin. Core technologies that support such multimedia include digitalization and digital
`image compression technology.
`
`To briefly discuss the necessity of such a digital image compression technology, the current NTSC type television (TV) signal has 180 Mbit
`of data per second, and if this is put on a single CD (Compact Disk, capacity: approximately 6.25 Gbit), it will be about 35 seconds long,
`therefore it is impossible to store video data of sufficient length with this level of information storage capacity. Therefore, a technology for
`storing a great deal of image data on a single CD has been developed, which is none other than a digital image compression technology.
`
`In summary, the digital image compression reduces the amount of data required to display an image by removing the spatial and temporal
`redundancy of the image.
`
`On the other hand, the MPEG-2 video compression method is based on two basic technologies.
`
`First, motion estimation and compensation in blocks are used to reduce temporal redundancy, and second, the DCT compression technique is
`used to reduce spatial redundancy.
`
`In other words, there are three types, I, P, and B-pictures, in the picture types specified in MPEG-2, of which I (Intra coded) pictures do not
`use motion compensation and simply code by performing DCT on the picture alone, and P (Predicted coded) pictures perform motion
`compensation using I or a different P-picture as a reference, and subsequently perform DCT coding on the remaining difference. In addition,
`in B (Bidirectionally predicted coded) pictures, motion compensation is used like P-pictures but unlike P-pictures, motion compensation is
`performed from two frames that are in front and behind on the time axis.
`
`This motion compression is based on 16x16 blocks.
`
`In addition, the DCT coding is an orthogonal transform with a high-speed algorithm, and since it has near-optimal performance for many types
`of images as well as the advantage of making it very easy for the DCT basic function to make effective use of the visual characteristic standard,
`it is being used to reduce spatial redundancy.
`
`This DCT is based on 8 8 blocks.
`
`However, in the conventional coding method, which processed in units of blocks or macroblocks using the characteristics of the mathematical
`statistics of an image as described above, the lower the bit rate, that is, the higher the compression rate, the more severely the blurring of the
`blocked shape and boundary occurs, which is visually unpleasant.
`
`Therefore, taking into consideration the fact that human vision is sensitive to boundaries, an object coding method for coding images by
`dividing them by objects has been developed.
`
`In such a conventional object coding method, the contour of an object having an irregular shape is coded, and the gray level in the object is
`separately coded by other methods, such as DCT.
`
`In this case, as shown in FIG. 1, the blank portion other than the object needs to be filled with a certain value before performing DCT, and
`usually, DCT is performed after filling the blank portion with ‘0’.
`
`However, when DCT is performed after filling the blank portion with ‘0’ as described above, high frequency coefficients occur, which require
`a large number of bits to code the frequency coefficients.
`
`Accordingly, the present invention has been devised to solve the problems described above, and its object is to provide an object coder capable
`of reducing the amount of image data by blocking the contour portion of an object and subsequently scanning the frequency coefficient
`generated by performing DCT in a different direction according to the edge direction of the object.
`
`To achieve said object, the object coder according to the present invention comprises an image dividing unit for blocking the contour portion
`of the object into 8x8 pixel blocks; a DCT unit for converting the 8x8 pixel blocks into 8x8 frequency coefficient blocks; a zigzag scanning
`unit for zigzag-scanning the 8x8 frequency coefficient blocks to output them by performing run-length encoding; a vertical scanning unit for
`vertically scanning the 8x8 frequency coefficient blocks to output them by performing run-length encoding; a horizontal scanning unit for
`horizontally scanning the 8x8 frequency coefficient blocks to output them by performing run-length encoding; an edge detection unit for
`detecting the edge of the object to output a scanning selection signal for selecting an output of the zigzag scanning unit if the direction of the
`edge is diagonal, an output of the vertical scanning unit if the direction of the edge is horizontal, and an output of the horizontal scanning unit
`if the direction of the edge is vertical; and a selector for outputting after selecting an output of one of the zigzag scanning unit, the vertical
`scanning unit, and the horizontal scanning unit according to the scanning selection signal.
`
`Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying figures.
`
`FIG. 2 is a system diagram of an object coder according to the present invention, and the object coder comprises an image divider (10) for
`blocking the contour portion of an object into 8x8 pixel blocks; a DCT unit (20) for converting the 8x8 pixel blocks into 8x8 frequency
`coefficient blocks; a zigzag scanning unit (30) for zigzag-scanning the 8x8 frequency coefficient blocks to output them by performing run-
`length encoding; a vertical scanning unit (40) for vertically scanning the 8x8 frequency coefficient blocks to output them by performing run-
`length encoding; a horizontal scanning unit (50) for horizontally scanning the 8x8 frequency coefficient blocks to output them by performing
`
`5-2
`
`Unified Patents, LLC v. Elects. & Telecomm. Res. Inst., et al.
`
`Ex. 1013, p. 3
`
`

`

`1019950005798
`
`run-length encoding; an edge detector (60) for detecting the edge of the object blocked into the 8x8 pixel blocks and outputting a scanning
`selection signal according to the direction of the detected edge; a selector (70) for outputting after selecting an output of one of the zigzag
`scanning unit (30), the vertical scanning unit (40), and the horizontal scanning unit (50) according to the scanning selection signal; and a
`vertical length coder (VLC, 80) for allocating a short bit per code to codewords having a high probability of occurrence for the run-length
`coded codeword output from the selector (70) and allocating a long bit per code to codewords having a low probability of occurrence to
`remove statistical redundancy so that the average length of the code is close to entropy, and then transmit it to the receiving side (not shown).
`
`The edge detector (60) detects the edge of an object, and outputs to the selector (70) the scanning selection signal for selecting an output of
`the zigzag scanning unit (30) if the direction of the edge is diagonal, an output of the vertical scanning unit (40) if the direction of the edge is
`horizontal, and an output of the horizontal scanning unit (50) if the direction of the edge is vertical.
`
`The operation and effect of the object coder according to the present invention configured as described above will be described in more detail
`as follows.
`
`First, when the image divider (10) blocks the contour portion of the object into 8x8 pixel blocks and outputs them to the DCT unit (20), the
`DCT unit (20) converts the received 8x8 pixel blocks into 8x8 frequency coefficient blocks and outputs them to the zigzag scanning unit (30),
`the vertical scanning unit (40), and the horizontal scanning unit (50).
`
`Each of the zigzag scanning unit (30), the vertical scanning unit (40), and the horizontal scanning unit (50) performs run-length encoding on
`the received 8x8 frequency coefficient blocks and outputs them to the selector (70).
`
`The selector (70) selects run-length encoded codewords output from one of the zigzag scanning unit (50), the vertical scanning unit (40) and
`the horizontal scanning unit (30) according to the scanning selection signal provided by the edge detector (60), and outputs them to the variable
`length encoder (80).
`
`In other words, as shown in FIG. 3, the selector (70) selects and outputs a run-length encoded codeword that is zigzag-scanned and output
`after DCT is performed when the edge of the object is a diagonal line, it selects and outputs a run-length encoded codeword that is horizontally
`scanned and output after DCT is performed when the edge of the object is a vertical line, and it selects and outputs a run-length encoded
`codeword that is vertically scanned and output after DCT is performed when the edge of the object is a horizontal line.
`
`For example, the frequency coefficient after DCT is performed is as shown in Table 1 below, and
`
`Table 1
`
`
`If the first contour edge that is blocked into 8x8 is a diagonal line, select and output the run-length encoded codeword by performing zigzag
`scanning in the order of (276, 137, 59, 89, -94, 51, -12, 25,-35, 39 ...), if the second contour edge that is blocked into 8x8 is a vertical line,
`select and output the run-length encoded codeword by performing horizontal scanning in the order of (276, 59, 89, 39, 7, -13, -12, -7, 137 ...),
`and if the third contour edge that is blocked into 8x8 is a horizontal line, select and output the run-length encoded codeword by performing
`vertical scanning in the order of (276, 137, 51, -12, -8, 2, 1, -1, -6, 59 ...).
`
`In this case, if DCT is performed after filling the blank portion other than the object with ‘0’, a high frequency coefficient is generated and a
`large number of bits is required to code this frequency coefficient, but if the scanning direction is changed according to the edge direction of
`the object as described above, the amount of image data can be reduced.
`
`On the other hand, for the run-length encoded codewords that have been selectively scanned as described above, a short bit per code is allocated
`for codewords having a high probability of occurrence in the variable length encoder (70), and a long bit per code is allocated for codewords
`having a low probability of occurrence, and statistical redundancy is removed so that the average length of the code is close to entropy, and
`then they are transmitted to the receiving side (not shown).
`
`As described above, since the object encoder according to the present invention performs scanning by performing DCT on the contour portion
`of the blocked object and then selecting an appropriate scanning direction according to the edge direction of the object, there is an effect of
`reducing the amount of image data.
`
`(57) Scope of claims
`
`Claim 1
`
`An object coder comprising an image dividing unit (10) for blocking the contour portion of an object into 8x8 pixel blocks; a DCT unit (20)
`for converting the 8x8 pixel blocks into 8x8 frequency coefficient blocks;
`
`
`
`
`
`5-3
`
`Unified Patents, LLC v. Elects. & Telecomm. Res. Inst., et al.
`
`Ex. 1013, p. 4
`
`

`

`1019950005798
`
` a
`
` zigzag scanning unit (30) for zigzag-scanning the 8x8 frequency coefficient blocks to output them by performing run-length encoding;
`
`a vertical scanning unit (40) for vertically scanning the 8x8 frequency coefficient blocks to output them by performing run-length encoding;
`
`a horizontal scanning unit (50) for horizontally scanning the 8x8 frequency coefficient blocks to output them by performing run-length
`encoding;
`
`an edge detection unit (60) for detecting the edge of the object to output a scanning selection signal for selecting an output of the zigzag
`scanning unit (30) if the direction of the edge is diagonal, an output of the vertical scanning unit (40) if the direction of the edge is horizontal,
`and an output of the horizontal scanning unit (50) if the direction of the edge is vertical; and
`
`a selector (70) for outputting after selecting an output of one of the zigzag scanning unit (30), the vertical scanning unit (40), and the horizontal
`scanning unit (50) according to the scanning selection signal.
`
`
`
`Figures
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Figure 1
`
`Figure 2
`
`Blank
`
`Object
`
`DCT block
`
`
`
`(send)
`
`(send)
`
`
`
`Object
`
`Image divider
`
`Edge detector
`
`Selection signal
`
`Zigzag scanning unit
`
`Selector
`
`Vertical scanning unit
`
`Horizontal scanning unit
`
`
`
`5-4
`
`Unified Patents, LLC v. Elects. & Telecomm. Res. Inst., et al.
`
`Ex. 1013, p. 5
`
`

`

`Figure 3
`
`
`
`Diagonal edge
`
`Horizontal edge
`
`Diagonal edge
`
`Vertical edge
`
`1019950005798
`
`Zigzag scanning
`
`Vertical scanning
`
`Zigzag scanning
`
`Horizontal scanning
`
`
`5-5
`
`Unified Patents, LLC v. Elects. & Telecomm. Res. Inst., et al.
`
`Ex. 1013, p. 6
`
`