Application No. 13/356,949
`Atty. Docket No.: 1028.6
`
`RESPONSE TO THE OFFICE ACTION DATED 12/22/14
`
`Examiner interview on 2/11/15
`
`The applicant would like to thank the Examiner for his time and attention to
`
`the application and the telephonic interview that took place on February 11, 2015.
`
`The participants of the interview were C. Earl Woolfork, Megan Lyman, and
`
`Examiner Flanders. The content of the interview were a detailed discussion of the
`
`role and placement of differential encoding in the present invention, as well as the
`
`system architecture of the present invention. It was discussed that CDMA and
`
`differential encoding are used in different steps of the wireless headphone system,
`
`and different from the teachings of the prior art.
`
`Claims
`
`Claims 1-3, and 5-11 have been amended to recite the one to one relationship
`
`between each transmitter and its own receiver as is taught by the invention. Claim
`
`12 is new and does not present any new matter. The amendments to the claims do
`
`not present new matter and are well supported by the disclosure, it is respectfully
`
`requested that they be entered at this time.
`
`Rejection of Claims 1-11 under 35 USC§ 103
`
`The legal standards for obviousness are well known, and well documented, in this
`
`case. Those standards, as previously outlined and discussed in the prosecution
`
`history, are incorporated by reference so as to streamline the remarks presented at
`
`this time.
`
`1
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`Petitioner's Exhibit 1014
`Page 001
`
`

`

`Application No. 13/356,949
`Atty. Docket No.: 1028.6
`
`It is well known that DPSK is a differential encoding scheme 1 (pages 11 and 12 of the
`Action). The invention utilizes differential encoding2 for, among other things, noise
`immunity3 (e.g., inter-symbol interference noise reduction) as claimed(" ... capture
`
`packets and a correct bit sequence within the packets aided by lowering signal detection
`
`error through reduced intersymbol interference coding ... ").
`
`The use of differential encoding in a mobile spread spectrum transmitter that
`
`communicates audio (e.g., music) directly (i.e., point-to-point) to a mobile spread
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`spectrum receiver -for, in one embodiment, "lowering signal detection error through
`
`reduced intersymbol interference coding (i.e., differential encoding/decoding) of said
`
`original audio signal representation" - while utilizing CDMA in a particular distributed
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`network architecture (i.e., mobile transmitter-to-mobile receiver) and suppressing
`
`interference from other device transmitted signals in the network ( all of which is
`
`claimed), is not disclosed in the combination ( as the above language from OA states) and
`
`is not obvious.
`
`Reed-Solomon, as referenced by Lindemann and Roberts, is directed toward detecting
`
`and correcting the errors within a received signal. The Reed-Solomon reference in
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`Lindemann and Roberts is not directed toward differential encoding/decoding (DPSK).
`
`Reed-Solomon is a Block Code, where extra bits are added to the data for detecting and
`correcting errors within the received signal4
`
`. Whereas differential encoding/decoding (in
`
`the present invention) applies a known phase relationship to the audio representation
`
`data at the encoder, then during decoding, a received piece of audio representation data is
`
`1 Ref: Exhibit I, Introduction to Spread Spectrum Communications, "In the case of DPSK, it is
`only necessary that the phase be the same from one signaling interval to the next to allow
`the comparison of signals in adjacent bit intervals."
`
`2 Ref: Specification Column 2, Lines 52-53 "For further noise immunity, a spread spectrum
`DPSK (differential phase shift key) transmitter or module is utilized.
`
`3 Ref: Exhibit II, Wireless Communications Systems, " ... differentially encoded MPSK ... is
`used to eliminate phase ambiguity in the carrier recovery process."
`4 Ref: Exhibit III Wireless Communications, pg. 340 "In block codes, parity bits are added to
`blocks or message bits to make code blocks" and pg. 345 "BCH cyclic codes are among the
`most important block codes ... common class of nonbinary BCH codes is the family of codes
`known as Reed-Solomon codes."
`
`2
`
`Petitioner's Exhibit 1014
`Page 002
`
`

`

`used as a reference for the following piece of audio representation data5 to aid in
`
`suppressing intersymbol interference (ISI).
`
`Application No. 13/356,949
`Atty. Docket No.: 1028.6
`
`It is argued on page 7 of the Action that Li, Lindemann and Lavelle present a
`
`centralized system, and that Altstatt can be used to teach a decentralized system to
`
`obviate the present invention. As discussed in the interview, one of skill could not
`
`replace the FM transmitter of Altstatt to use CDMA codes because codes in a
`
`centralized system (Li, Lindemann, and Lavelle) exhibit high interference in a
`
`decentralized system ( as discussed previously in the Response to Office Action
`
`dated 10/11/13).6 Thus, one of skill would have to develop new coding. The
`
`claimed unique user code is related to the spread spectrum code division multiple access
`
`portion of the invention. It aids in suppressing user-to-user interference as opposed to
`
`suppressing intersymbol interference within the audio representation data. The
`
`combination does not suggest the present invention's use of CDMA and differential
`
`encoding to create a wireless headphone receiver with an associated transmitter.
`
`The rejection should not stand.
`
`As to the use of Reed-Solomon as referenced by the prior art of Lindemann and
`
`Roberts. It is important to note that Reed-Solomon, as taught in the prior art, is
`
`directed towards detecting and correcting the errors within a received signal. In the
`
`present invention the transmitter encodes and the receiver decodes the differential
`
`5 Ref: Exhibit I, Introduction to Spread Spectrum Communications, "In the case of
`DPSK, it is only necessary that the phase be the same from one signaling interval to
`the next to allow the comparison of signals in adjacent bit intervals."
`6 Ref: CDMA-Based MAC Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, pg. 155 "A system
`is called time-synchronous (i.e. Centralized) if all signals originate from the same
`transmitter, ... , a system is called time-asynchronous (i.e. Decentralized) if signals
`originate from multiple transmitters .. .ln this case, the cross-correlation (i.e.
`interference) between codes cannot be neglected. In fact, codes that are orthogonal
`in synchronous systems exhibit high cross-correlation when not properly
`synchronized." Emphasis added.
`
`3
`
`Petitioner's Exhibit 1014
`Page 003
`
`

`

`Application No. 13/356,949
`Atty. Docket No.: 1028.6
`
`coding to correct for interference created by phase issues presented by the
`
`potentially mobile environment of the present invention. This phase issue has also
`
`been presented previously in the prosecution history of this application. Lindemann
`
`and Roberts to not disclose or suggest Reed-Solomon for the remediation of
`
`intersymbol interference as taught by the present invention. The rejection should
`
`be removed.
`
`The remarks presented herein demonstrate the novelty of the present invention
`
`separate from the teachings of the prior art. The applicant does not acquiesce to any
`
`rejections that have not been specifically addressed in this Response. Previous
`
`remarks regarding the novelty of the present invention are incorporated by
`
`reference. Applicant respectfully requests that the rejections be removed at this
`
`time, and the application be placed into allowance.
`
`If there are any questions, concerns, or actions that can be taken to expedite the
`
`processing of this application, please do not hesitate to contact the Applicant's
`
`representative.
`
`February 20, 2015
`
`Respectfully Submitted,
`
`Megan E. Lyman, Registration No. 57,054
`1816 Silver Mist Ct.
`Raleigh, NC 27613
`melyman@lymanpatents.com
`(919) 341-4023 (phone)
`(919) 341-0271 (fax)
`
`4
`
`Petitioner's Exhibit 1014
`Page 004
`
`

`

`Application No. 13/356,949
`Atty. Docket No.: 1028.6
`
`5
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`Petitioner's Exhibit 1014
`Page 005
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`Petitioner's Exhibit 1014
`Page 008
`
`

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`Petitioner's Exhibit 1014
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`Petitioner's Exhibit 1014
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`Petitioner's Exhibit 1014
`Page 011
`
`

`

`Petitioner's Exhibit 1014
`
`Page 012
`
`Petitioner's Exhibit 1014
`Page 012
`
`

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`
`Petitioner's Exhibit 1014
`Page 013
`
`

`

`where C /B dcnotm; l:w . .ndu.>idth efti'.cfonc)',
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`exceHent BER per:fonnance at low SNR vabes,
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`that extremely wideband signal" could be used to achieve 1:'.1Tor free cnrnnmni.ra(cid:173)
`ti,J,i~,, i:.<.S long a::: ffofl:kient SNR "~:s:ist.s. Ernn· t1mtrol coding s,v~wdorniB, on the
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`tion.s.
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`t}u:~ so1.Jrte irrforn:~::!ti~)11 in.to a cod{:. se<ru.~:.nee {br t.r~arts.rni:::sio11 tln:~ougl1 t}~~~ cha:n~(cid:173)
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`nu.mhe:r of er:ror~ to be cktecti)d and cn.ff<:ir.{ed without rEt.t',H'.t':tnii:;.sion. Bbck
`codes can be u~ed to irnprovf; the perfon,ian(:e of ,:i. communicahons sy;stem when
`nther me;;\nS of improvem,ent (sud, ~is int.re~,_sing tnmsnritter· pnwe:t· o.r using a
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`1vo1Y:1s or code block:,. In a block en.coder, k infon:nation bits are encoded intn n
`codf: bits, A t()lal of n -- h l't:dundant. hits ,u·e added t<, the k inforn1atkm hits fbr
`the purpose of detecting s.nd cnnecth:ig etTurs LLinB:31. The block ende is referred
`tf..H.ie, and the rate of the code is ddlned as fl,. "" k/ n and is
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`equal to the rate of information divided by th<~ nnv drnnne1 rate,
`The ahHi.ty of a Mock ('.Ode lo corrnct er:rors is a ftmcUon {)f the code du;tance,
`1Lmy f.c:m1Hies of cod.es exist that provide varying degree:;; of e1vror protect.inn
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`Petitioner's Exhibit 1014
`Page 014
`
`

`

`he~ wit.bin distnnce a of <'J.J\',1• codeword. thus making maxfrrmrn lik"'Hhnod decrnl(cid:173)
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`Cyclic Cod.es
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`property m-, discussed before. As a. re;<;uh. of this p~·npei't._y, the~e code~; 1ws1:,es1, a
`considerahl,,, <'.\mount of struct.i.ffe •.vhk.h can h{i {ixphited..
`li r.yc.lic code ca11 'be gl.:ne.rated by u.sing· a g\~n(:ratn:r pn.lynornia.l /.{ (/1; of
`degree (n.. -· k). The generator polynomial of a.n. ( n. k) cydi.c code is ;1 fo.ctDr of
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`.. .. . + x, p + x ,:,
`:t (p) "" x.~ __ 1p
`where ( x~ _ , ... --· .r ,-, 1 repre:'lents the k Lirfn.rn:wt.ion hits. 'l'he resulta.nt N)df!W0t·d
`c (p) can be \,,rrtten a:~
`
`·>·
`
`!~~ -· :
`
`(G.98)
`
`C {~O) ~ X (_p} [".f (_p)
`,,-/here (_· (p) is a po.tytl.omial nf dogn,e ie~,:_; than n.
`Bncoding for ,i cydk code is nn.wlly peJfornH'd hy a linea:e feedback shift
`n,,g-ister hi.~,sed on either Hw g,,,neTHll.ir or parity polynoniiaJ.
`BCH Cod.t:,s
`BCH. i~ydic coi:kic ani among t.he rn.o~t imp,wt.ant bfock cmfos since they exist
`f(n~ a ,~ide r;:;c:nge of :rates: achiev(~ :~ig~nifica_nt roding gcdns 1 and ~.;:.u1 b(:·~ 1rnple~
`,.B
`•"")) rn
`l •. ' 1
`. '
`J . '
`f '1
`,
`,
`rnerrtBtJ fY,ter1 at 11gT1 speeu.s f __ \;,st1t . s_'JH? -~)lOCK en.gt.kl o r(H~ cofief:- :u:; ti ~ l
`<
`J
`.J
`-·-· ;
`for m <: 3 , and the number of errnrs that th'i::y can corn:iet is b,)unded hy
`t < (2''' -· 1) /2, 'Hw binary BCTI Ntfo:s can b1:, generalized l:o creat{, dasses nf
`nrmbi:nary· <'.O<ks whkh nse m bits p"3r code symbol. Tlw most 1mpnrtant and
`;'.omnrnn da.ss of nnnhinm:y' BCH codw; i~ the fiumly of cocks knO"wn a;;,; Hni:,d(cid:173)
`So1ornon codBs. ~rhe (6~~/4 7 J R{~0d~~).0Io1non code Ln lJ .S~ [<ef!.ula.r l)i,4;l:tr1l r~ar.d:{::t
`Dota {CDPD) uses m '" 6 bits JK:r eodf: B}'mboL
`Reed~Solomon Codes
`Reed-Solmnon (RS) are n.cmbinary 1-ode~ wh:kh am capnhle of ,:x1tn.:cling
`uTors which r:q,pe::.n· hi bu.rnts and a:re commnniy used in concatf:nated cod:kg
`~;ystenrn f.Ree60]. The block length nf t:.he:Se {;odes Is n "" :::"' ---- l .. Th;;,,s;:, ::wi he
`extended tn 2'" nr :t' + 1. T'he number nf parity symbn1s tb:i.t: moM bt us,~d to
`to:n-ect e errors is n ---h zz 2e. T'he m.inirn.urn di.stance dmi" '" 2e -;. ) . HS ('.Odes
`athieve t:h0 largf,st pos:sibl,~ d,ni» of l.lny linea.r code.
`
`i.'i
`
`Petitioner's Exhibit 1014
`Page 015
`
`