Merriam-
`
`Webster’s
`Collegiate?
`Dictionary
`
`ELEVENTH
`
`EDITION
`
`
`
`Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
`Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
`
`1
`
`APPLE 1017
`
`1
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`APPLE 1017
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`

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`The name Webster alone is no guarantee of excellence. It is used by a
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`Copyright © 2005 by Merfiaijebster, Incorporated
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`Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
`
`Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary. — Eleventh ed.
`p.
`cm.
`
`,
`
`.
`_
`,
`_
`,
`Includes index.
`(Laminated'unindeied :‘alk. paper)
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779-807—1
`(Laminated unindexed : 51k. paper) ’
`ISBN-10: 0-87779-807-9
`(Jacketed hardcover unindexed‘ : 'alk. paper)
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779-808-8
`(Jacketeduhairdcovér u’iiindexed :-alk. paper)
`ISBN-10: 0-87779-808-7
`(Jacketed hardcover with CD-ROM : alk. paper)
`ISBN- 13: 978-0-87779-809-5
`(Jacketed hardcover with CD-ROM : alk. paper)
`ISBN-10: 0-87779-809-5
`(Leatherlook with CD-ROM : alk. paper)
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779-810-1
`(Leatherlook with CD-ROM : alk. paper)
`ISBN-10: 0—87779-810-9
`(Canadian)
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779—813-2
`(Canadian)
`ISBN-10: 0-87779-813-3
`(International)
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779-814—9
`(International)
`ISBN-10: 0-87779-814—1
`1. English language—Dictionaries. I. Title: Collegiate dictionary. II. Merriam-
`Webster, Inc.
`PE1628.M36
`423—dc21
`
`2003
`
`2003003674
`CIP
`
`Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate“ Dictionary. Eleventh Edition. principal copyright
`2003
`‘
`‘
`‘-
`
`COLLEGIATE is a registered trademark of Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
`
`All rights reserved. No part of this book covered by the copyrights hereon may be
`reproduced or copied in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or
`mechanical, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval
`systems—without written permission of thepublisher.
`.
`
`‘
`
`Made in the United States of America
`
`5671'1':QWV0504
`
`2
`
`

`

`r
`
`gangrene o gargle
`
`515
`
`. ON vara to beware. take care; akin to 0116 blwaron to
`.
`.
`gigreejilEi—mmg-re at WARE] (1902)
`1 : a shelter or repair shop for auto-
`motive vehicles 2 : a cabinet[with a vertical rolling door that is used
`for stori
`a small kitchen up lance
`zgarage Vilnius-fa ed;
`a-rag-li'ig (1905) : to keep or put idl iacugarag'ew
`garage band :- 1972 : an amateur rock band typically 0
`as i
`heat-ul- in a garage and usu. having only a local audience
`(
`ga-rage-man \- man\ n (1919) : a person who works in a glut-age 1c
`5 as
`para 0 III. M (1964) : a sale of used household or person ' arm:
`_ _
`furn ture. tools or clothing) held on the seller I own premises
`I-rlm ma-II-ll
`-'rlin-ma-'sl-la\ ri [Hindi a Urdu garam mold,
`glib. hot lpicer] (193‘) : a pungent and aromatic mixture of ground spit?
`kl
`di-‘r'frl‘d‘hil'fi'infiffidf‘lwand-\ n [John C.Garand1(1931)= in nu-
`PLB
`-
`. on
`arb '
`b
`MP or 01!. MF garb: graceful contour. grace. fr
`1 ob: : FASHION. munaa 2 a : a style or appar-
`giriurbiig'iiii-cd] 211g”)
`l
`: M d form : APPEARANCE
`2 earbbvt (T546): to cover with or as if with clothing (~ed in T-ahirt and
`[tie Jeans)
`.
`-
`15c 1l:foodwaste bullscarded
`gar be e \'gitr hi.“ :1 [ME offal] (
`)b : 1
`rate or useless
`t rial 2 a : TRASH lb
`gzrrfigegrilil:ne\-.man\ n (1888) : one who collects and hauls away gar-
`ggaigban-zo \gir—‘bin—Gm, also -'ban-\ n, pl -zoe [Sp] (1759) : CHICK-
`1’BA
`arbanzo bean n 1944 : CHICKPBA
`133nm. \‘gir-ba“ v5 gag-bled; gar-blin \-b(a-)lln\ [ME WW: 11’-
`Olt garbellare to sift. f . Ar gharbala.
`1'. LL Mel-la". fr. ”MW"
`sieve; akin to L cemere to sift — more at CERTAIN] (15C)
`1 WM
`:cuul 2 : tosittimpuritiesfrom 3a : tosoalterordirtortagto
`create a wrong impression or change the meaning (~ I “1°57
`'3 - '0
`introduce textual error into (a message) by
`.
`_
`transmission, or deciphermcnt — gar-bier \—b(°-)|=r\ '1
`,
`zgarble n (1502)
`1 :
`thefimpgligi'ltiges removed from spices in sifting 2
`:anactoraninstanceo gar
`gar-board \'gir-.bord\ n [obs. D gaarboord] (1627) : the make next to
`a shi 's keel
`.
`.
`gar-bglld-géfldai-‘edl ItaMtF garboui'l, fr. OIt garbuglio] (1548) archaic : a
`confuse
`‘sor e
`s
`e : rum 1].
`_
`gar-hobo-gy \gar-'bi-la-J'E\ n Wgase + «flow (as In #01093)! (1975)
`: the study at modern cgtllre fligughstahe analysts of what is thrown
`away as gar age — gar-
`-o-g
`-1
`n
`ar- on
`' -'so"\ n, pl at one \-'s6“(z)\ IF. boy. servant. fr. 0F, of
`g(Emil: 011g:akin to O
`hfechio fugitive — more at WRETCHI (1788)
`: WAITER
`gar-da \'g5r-da\ n, pl nodal \gir-‘dfl oflen crap [Ir fania (pl. gardqi),
`short for garda stack
`a, lit.. guardian of the peace (1934) : a police
`officer in the Republic of Ireland
`garde—man- or \.gi”u-d- mi“-'zh§\ n, pl yards—manger: \-'zlia(z)\ 1P.
`lit., one who eeps food] (1928) : a cook who spec1alizes in the prepara-
`tion of cold foods (as meats, fish, and salads)
`‘gar-den \'g5r-d=n\ n [ME gardin, fr. AF gardi‘n jardr'n. of One origin:
`akin to 01-16 W enclosure — more at ymi (13c)
`1 a : a plot of
`ground where herbs, fruits. flowers. or vegetables are cultivated b : a
`rich well-cultivated region c : a container (as a window box) planted
`with usu. a variety of small plants 2 a : a public recreation area or
`park usu. ornamented with plants and trees (a botanical ~) I.) : an
`open-air ea
`or drin '
`place c : a large hall for public entertain-
`ment— on en-‘lul \-.f' \n
`zgarden v gar-dened: gar-den-ing \I " -'do-ni1), 'gird—nin\ vi' (1577)
`:tolayoutorworkinagarden~vt
`:tomakeintoagardcn 2:to
`3 ornament with gardens — gar-den-er \'gi'i.r-do-n=r, 'gird—nofi n
`garden adj (156)
`1 :.°‘| relating to, used in, or frequenting a garden
`2 a : of a kind grown in the open as distinguished from one more deli-
`cate (~ plant)
`is : commonly found : GARDEN-VARIETY
`garden apartment n (1946) : a multiple-unit low-rise dwellin‘g havin‘g
`cons1derable lawn or garden space
`garden clty n (1898) : a planned residential community with park and
`plasted areas
`(1577)
`: an annual herb (Lepidium sativuni of the m
`gar on cross n
`lard family sometimes cultivated for its pungent basal [cages
`us-
`garden hellotrope '1 (08- 1902) : 3! tall rhizomatous Old World valerian
`(Valeriana ofl'icrpalir) widely cultivated for its fragrant tiny flowers and
`for its roots which yield the drug valetian
`sulfide-Ma Wit-“5'11?“ n N, fr. Alexander Garden 11791 Scot. natu-'
`so
`ema er mail
`so
`trmheesst]391650;.“tiiiiyfotfha largdedgenfus (Gmwithiaii of Old World tropical
`ellow flowers
`Y
`wy fragrant white or
`arden of Eden 1535) : EDEN
`garden rocket n 1597) : mucous
`garden—variety-adi (1928) : ORDINARY. mmomuca
`yards-robe \‘gar—.drob\ n l’ME. fr. 0F. from garda to watch, guard +
`robe clothing] (15c)
`1 : a wardrobe or its contents 2 : a private room
`: aa:apou\l 3 igqufiwln
`gar- y- 00
`ii-
`é-
`ted
`rh. fr. Fgarde a I'eaull
`wateri] (1622 — used in Edln urgh as a warning cry Wm]; ‘ljt‘llitwfi‘:rc’iihs‘E
`tomglt'K to throw slop: from the windows into the streets
`Gar.
`\'§:I-Il‘ath\)l (15c) : a knight of the Round Table and nephew of
`.
`a
`31‘- an
`:- wg n
`1571 :
`_
`-
`1'; stirs-W warmest)“
`shiatsu“his so" °?b‘°“§
`iced““Thrasher in Ra
`'
`'
`“"90 a . 0 en cap
`3.,
`:
`size, volume, or degree : OIOAN'I'IC. email ggiegiifindm in
`gar-gig \Igsr-gan vb tar-glad: gar- Iln \-
`:-
`[NIFgargou'
`imit. origin] vi (152
`1 a : to hols (agiqiisl(d))innt\he mouth Maggi-Gog:
`9\ abut \’_\ kitten. F table \ar\ further \a\ ash \i\
`"
`\au\ out
`\ch\ chin \e\ bet
`\e\ easy \g\ go \1\ hhcc\1\\aic?o<l\l?:l:
`\D\ sing \6\ so \6\ law \oi\ boy \th\ thin \lh\ the \11\ loot \u\ foot
`\y\ yet
`\zh\ vision. beige \k. ". in, in, V\ see Guide to Pronunciation
`
`m\
`
`‘
`
`1
`
`to loss of blood supply 2 : pervasive decay or corru t'
`-
`2am ~>fi§:'5?e':;'l°‘;il““‘”tn°‘wm ,,,§.£°""‘°‘
`no v
`'
`'
`- ram 11
`:
`zgénugsrsévil: to63:23: 8 -
`“DEE, [
`9 vi (1
`to
`e gangre.
`_
`gm)
`n. 0 en a
`alter. of gangster
`1988
`'
`91:23.1”,- of an urban street gang 2 : a performer of ailiggta ra)p 1 ' 8
`gm 818 rap )1 (1990) . rap music with lyrics explici y portraying the
`via we, and drug use of urban gang life and typically express ng hog,
`dilly toward whites. Women. and civil authority — ganglia I’l par n
`gang'smr \Igan-stofi n (18
`: a member of a gang of criinlnal;
`‘ RA
`BR — gen ~ater- om \-dom\ n — gangater-Iah \-sto—
`C 9 gm - o
`v
`: o
`awnings-"gets?heart‘s d
`foo! all) with sever-‘Ial tacklers
`in own (a ballcarrier In
`“e \'BI-0\ n [F, fr. G Gang vein of metal. fr. OHG act of o
`96339) : the worthless rock or vein matter in which valulable metflaliingi-
`minerals 0.661]!
`mg up vi (1925)
`1 : to make a Joint assault (ganged up on him and
`t him up) 2 : to combine for a specific purpose (3
`11 up to raise
`prim) 3 : to exert group pressure (ganged up against t e boss)
`gang-WI? \'gai;)-éwa\ n_(bef. 12c)
`1 : Passnoawmr: esp : a tern
`w“, 01-913ng
`a : either of the sides of the upper deck of a sag";
`: the ”cm by which a ship is boarded e : OANOPLANK 3 Bri'i
`: AISLE 4 a : a cross aisle dividing the front benches from the back-
`mchgs in the British House of Commons b : an aisle in the British
`House of Commons that separates government and oppOsition benches
`5 : . clear passage
`ugh a crowd — often used as an interjection
`gan-Is-tel' aha gan:nIs-ter_\'sa-na—star\ u [Origin unknown] (1811) : a
`magnified guarmte used in_the manufacture of refractory brick
`gun-13 \'gin-J=. gan-\ n [Hindi gdia & Urdu ganja, fr. Skt ganja hemp]
`(1689) : a potent and selected preparation of marijuana used esp. for
`making broadly : MARIJUANA
`sand-pet \'ga-nat\ n, pl annals aha gannet [ME gmier. fr. 0E ganot.‘
`skin to DB gm goose]
`_ef. 120) : any of a genus (Moms of the family
`Solid”. the gannet fannly) of large fish-eating seabirds that breed in
`colonies chieflyon offshore islands
`‘gan-old \'ga:.nord\ an) [ultim. fr. Gk ganos brightness; akin to Gk
`twain to reioice — more at my] (ca. 1847) : of. having, or being fish
`scales cons'istlng of bone and an outer shiny layer resembling enamel;
`a)” : relating to or being fish with garioid scales
`Iganold n (ca. 1839) : a fish (as a sturgeon or gar) with ganoid scales
`gantelopo or gent-lope \'gant-.16p\ n [modifi of SW gatlopp. fr. OSw
`gurulop, fr. gate road + lop course] (1646) archaic : ’GAUN‘I'LEI‘
`was ”as“? . - M
`gamer, gauntree, fr. AF *gani‘er.
`n-
`gan-
`_ n, 1: son "as
`gt: 0F dial: (Artois) gunner, fr. L candieri‘us horse of poor quality,
`rafter. trellis] (15c)
`_1
`: a frame for supporting barrels 2 : a frame
`structure raised on Side supports so as to span over or around some-
`thing: as a : a_platforrn made to carry a traveling crane and supported
`by towers or side frames running on parallel tracks; also : a movable
`structure with platforms at different levels used for erecting and servio
`ing rockets before launching b : a structure spanning several railroad
`tracks and displaying signals for each
`Gamyq-nede \'
`-
`'-.méd\ n [L Ganymedcs, fr. Gk Gmymédés] (1565)
`:abeautifui youth in classical mythology carried off to Olympus to be
`the cupbearer of the gods
`GAO abbr General Accounting Office
`gaol \'jil\. goal-er \‘ja-iar\ chiefly Brit var ofmrL, Janna
`SIP \'sap\ n [ME fr. ON, chasm, hole; akin to 9N gape to gape] (14c)
`1 I : a break in a barrier (as a wall, hedge, or_ line of military defense;
`b : an assailable position 2 a : a mountain pass
`b : RAVINB
`:srAiiK on 4 a : a separation in s ace b : an incomplete or defi-
`cieht area (:1 ~ in her knowledge)
`: a break in 00111111th : l-IIATUS
`6 : a break in the vascular cylinder of a plant where a vascular trace de-
`parts from the central cylinder 7 : lack of balance : 915mm (the
`~ between imports and exports) B : a wide difference in character _or
`attitude (the generation ~) 9 : a problem caused by some (115me
`,gocobmmunicalfion ~)l<credi(bligl:713)~ ? 933w "§;',"°~‘ 44' 2 to
`89v appe;a-nvt
`:omean ning‘I
`adjust
`e space
`tgvgen9the electrodes of (a spark plug) ~ 1!?: to fall
`or stand open
`‘93” \Igap sometimes .91“ vi gaped: 93‘).an [ME fr. ON gqpa,‘ perh.
`akin to L hiare to gape. yawn — more at YAWN] (13C) 1.3 i to Open
`the mouth wide b : to open or part widely (110195 W94 in “15 pave-
`ment) 2 ; to gaze stupidly or in openmouthed surprise or wonder 3
`2 = YAWN — ap-Ing-ly \'gi—pin-lé. 'sa-PIIJ-\ adv
`sane» 153
`1 :an act creasing: a : YAWN b = mommoxithed
`Stare_
`2 an unfilled space or extent 3 a : the median iri'iai'gin-tog
`margin length of the open mouth
`,
`.
`.
`blew ofabird close c : the width otan 0136111118 . 4P! burringincanrtr
`a : adisease of birds and esp. young birds in which gapeworins invade
`“d Initate the traChea b : a fit of yawnms
`sap-er uni...“ 50mm 'ga-po'fi 71 (ca. 1637)
`1 :one that gains 2
`i any of several [my giugg'sh burrowing clams (famdies MyaCidae and
`Mml'idae) including several used for food
`Glue-Worm \isirhw’m sometimes 'gap-\ ,1 (1873) : a nematode worm
`amus trachea) that causes capes in birds
`“Pins
`'(1588) : wide open (a ~ h01=>
`.
`9‘91"“
`on n (1967) : an area of contact between adJacent cells char-
`Mei-ind b modification of the plasma membranes for intereellular
`mllnnunica’iion or transfer of low molecularjweight substances
`gagged scale I: (1910) : a musical scale derived from a larger system
`nes b o 'tting certain tones
`igaD-tootl'iyeduii
`.ti’ltht\ ad! (1567) : having gaps between the teeth
`9" \'air\ We.) euphemism for God] (1593) — used as a mild oath in
`2 the Phrase by gar
`.
`93" '1 [Short for gm] (1755) ; any of various fishes that have an elon-
`lm" bOdY resembling that of 3 Pike and long '1
`- momma 1 b : any of several madam“ N0-
`at
`e
`: '91 bony fishes (family Lepisostcidaa) With heavy ganoid scales
`‘3“;le was
`abb (hall
`blic
`,
`98
`use (gs-agh‘,“.m-r§;§’93511511330 .mh, Jm’: Bra um norm,
`““1. -rij\ n [1?" act of docking. garage. fr. garer to dock. fr. MF garrer,
`
`1
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`3
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