Merriam-
`Webster’s
`Collegiate’
`Dictionary
`
`ELEVENTH
`EDITION
`
`
`
`Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
`Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
`
`1
`
`APPLE 1017
`
`1
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`APPLE 1017
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`Copyright © 2005 by Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
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`Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
`
`Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary. — Eleventh ed.
`p.
`cm.
`Includes index.
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779-807-1
`(Laminatedunindexed : alk. paper)
`ISBN-10: 0-87779-807-9
`(Laminated unindexed: alk. paper)
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779-808-8
`(Jacketed hardcover unindexed: alk. paper)
`ISBN-10: 0-87779-808-7
`(Jacketed‘hardcover unindexeéd-:-alk. paper)
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779-809-5
`(Jacketed hardcover with CD-ROM: alk. paper)
`ISBN-10: 0-87779-809-5
`Gacketed hardcover with CD-ROM: alk. paper)
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779-810-1
`(Leatherlook with CD-ROM: alk. paper)
`ISBN-10: 0-87779-810-9
`(Leatherlook with CD-ROM: alk. paper)
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779-813-2
`(Canadian)
`ISBN-10: 0-87779-813-3
`(Canadian)
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779-814-9
`(nternational)
`ISBN-10: 0-87779-814-1
`Cnternational)
`1. English language—Dictionaries. I. Title: Collegiate dictionary. II. Merriam-
`Webster, Inc.
`PE1628.M36
`423—dc21
`
`2003
`
`2003003674
`CIP
`
`Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate® Dictionary,
`2003
`
`Eleventh Edition, principal copyright
`
`COLLEGIATE is a registered trademark of Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
`
`All rights reserved. No part of this book covered by the copyrights hereon may be
`reproduced or copied in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or
`mechanical, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval
`systems—without written, permission of thepublisher.
`WA
`
`Made in the United States of America
`
`567TT:QWV0504
`
`2
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`

`

`>
`
`515
`gangrene e gargle
`fr. ON vara to beware, take care; akin to OHGbiwaron to
`.
`.
`to loss.of blood supply. 2 : pervasive decay or corruption ;
`coryaaeb at WARE] (1902) 1: ashelter or repair shop for auto-
`Gmoral ~>he genrenous \'gan-gro-nos\ adj
`eae
`motive vehicles 2 : a cabinetfoes a vertical rolling door thatis used
`egaainne,>eSranas gttegromsnG WG: to make ange
`nous
`‘
`for storing
`a small kitchen appliance
`garage vigera ed; arag-ing (1905) : to keep or put * agarage
`«sta \'gan(k)-sto\ 7, often attrib [alter, of gangster] (1988
`:
`90SFer ofan urban street gang.2: a performerof gangsta ne ‘he
`garage band n (1972)
`: an amateur rock band typically holding1
`gan sta rap 7 (1990): rap music with lyrics explicitly portraying the
`hearsals in a garage and usu. having only a local audience
`jaeace and drug use of urban ganglife and typically express ing hos-
`ga-rage-man \-,man\ (1919) : a person who works ina marnne “si
`garage sale n (1964) ta sale of used household or personal articles (as
`tility. toward whites, women, andcivil authority — gangsta rapper n
`gang:ster \gan-stor\ n (18
`t/a member of a gang of aera
`furniture, tools, or clothing) held on the seller’s own premises
`33
`a-ram ma-sa-ia terre n [Hindi & Urdu garam masala,
`~
`RACKETEER — gang-ster-dom \-dom\ 2 — gang:ster-ish \-sto-
`it., hot spices] (1954) ; a pungent and aromatic mixture of ground spic-
`rish\ adi — gang-Ster-ism \-sto-,ri-zom\ n
`Ki
`gang-tackle \'eannta-kal\ vt (1951) : to bring down (a ballcarrier in
`Gacrandrifle\go-rands,igarrond-\ n [ohn C. Garand] (1931) + M4 Ric
`football) with several tacklers
`FLB
`gangue \'gan\ 7 [F, fr. G Gang vein of metal, fr. OHG, act of going]
`18) : the worthless rock or vein matter in which valuable metals or
`A MForOlt; MF garbe graceful contour, grace, fr. olt‘
`
`
`mSjamal 71899) % obs ! FASHION, MANNER 248: a style of appar-
`minerals occur
`i
`b:
`1
`outward f
`t APPEARANCE
`ang.up vi (1925) 1:\to makea joint assault <ganged up on him and
`a She (1846)! awe with or as if with clothing <~ed in T-shirt and
`thimup) 2: tocombinefor a specific purpose (ganged upto raise
`prices) 3 : to exert group pressure <ganged up against the boss>
`lue jeans>
`gang-way \'gan-wa\n(bef. 12c) 1: PASSAGEWAY;esp : a tem)
`-baqe \'gir-bij\
` [ME,offal] (15c)
`1 a: food waste b : discarded
`‘way ofplanks
`2a: either of the sides of the upper deck of a hb
`Ceeocal "2 @: TRASH 1b b: inaccurate or useless data
`+ the opening by which a ship, is boarded ©: GANGPLANK 3 Brit
`gar-bage-man\-,man\ n (1888) : one who collects and hquls away gar-
`:
`4a: across aisle dividing the front benches from
`.
`: AISLB
`7
`the back.
`earbene \gar-"ban-(,)z6, also -'ban-\ 1, pl -Z08 [Sp] (1759) ; CHICK-
`benches in the British House of Commons
`b: an aisle in the British
`PBA
`House of Commons that separates government and opposition benches
`5: aclear passage through a crowd — often used as an interjection
`arbanzo bean n (1944) ; CHICKPEA
`oerble \'gar-bal\ vt gar-bled; gar-blin
`, fr.
`n-is-ter also gan-nis-ter \"ga-no-ster\ 7 [origin unkno’
`1811):
`%
`\boiis (ME grin,
`ga
`:
`:
`rig
`wn] (1811) :.a
`fine-grained quartzite used inthe manufacture of refractory brick
`fr.
`Olt garbellare to sift, fr. Ar gharbala,
`r. cribellum
`gan-ja \'gan-jo, ‘gan-\ m [Hindi gaja & Urdu ganja,fr. Skt gafija hemp]
`sieve; akin to L cernere to sift — more at CERTAIN] (15¢)
`1 archaic
`(1689) : a potent and selected preparation of marijuana used esp. for
`‘CULL 1
`2: to sift impurities from 3a: to so alter or distort as to
`smoking; broadly : MARDUANA
`create a wrong impression or change the meaning <~ a story; b: to
`gan-net \'ga-not\ 7, p] gannets also gannet [ME ganet, fr. OE ganot;
`introduce textual error into (a message) by inaccurate encip!
`‘akin to OF gds goose]
`(bef. 12c) : any of a genus (Morus ofthe family
`transmission, or decipherment — gar-bler \-b@)ler\n
`Sulidae, the gannet family) of large fish-eating seabirds that breed in
`2garble n (1502) 1: thelegen removed from spices in sifting 2
`
`>anact instance of gar
`colonies chieflyon offshore islands
`gar-board\igar-,bord\ n [obs. D gaarboord] (1627) : the strake next to
`‘gan-oid \'ga-ndid\ adj [ultim. fr. Gk ganos brightness; akin to Gk
`ship’s keel
`.
`:
`=
`to rejoice — more at JOY] (ca. 1847) : of, having, or being fish
`gar-boll\bsiCa)I\» [MF garbouil, fr. Oltgarbuglio] (1548) archaic : a
`scales consisting of bone and an outer shiny layer resembling enamel;
`also : relating to or being fish with ganoid scales
`.
`state : TURMOIL
`confused disordered
`2ganoild 7 (ca. 1839) : a fish (as a sturgeon or gar) with ganoid scales
`ar-bol-o-gy \gar-'ba-lo-je\
`[garbage + -ology (as in geology)\ (1975)
`. the ee= modern sate Secars analysis of what is thrown
`gante-lope or gant-lope \'gant-,lop\ n [modif. of Sw gatlopp, fr. OSw
`gatulop, fr. gata road + lop course] (1646) archaic : 7GAUNTLET
`away as garbage — gar-bol-o-gist
`\-jist\
`2
`SaeeoA ganree
`IME
`ar-con
`\gar-'so"\ n, pl garcons \-'so*(z)\ [F, boy, servant, fr. OF, of
`ech eeakin to bua heechjo fugitive — more at WRETCH] (1788)
`ganter, gauntree, fr. AF *ganter,
`ne!
`gan-tré\ n, pl gantries
`- OF dial., (Artois) gantier, fr. L cantherius horse of poor quality,
`2 WAITER
`dai)
`rafter, trellis] (15c) 1: a frame for supporting barrels 2 : a frame
`areda \'gar-do\ n, pl gar-dal
`\,g&r-'dé\ often cap [Ir
`‘da (pl. gardai),
`nies for garda stochana, iedarian of the vreace|(1934) : a police
`structure raised on side supports so as to span over or around some-
`officer in the Republic of Ireland
`_
`thing: as a:aplatform madeto carry a traveling crane and supported
`by towers-or side frames running on parallel tracks; also : a movable
`garde—man-ger\,gard-,ma"-'zha\ n, p] garde—mangers \-'zha(z)\ IF,
`structure with platformsat different levels used for erecting and servic-
`lit., one who keeps food] (1928) : a cook whospecializes in the prepara-
`ing rockets before launching _b.; a structure spanning several railroad
`tion of cold foods (as meats,fish, and salads)
`tracks and displaying signals for each
`Igar-den \'gar-d°n\ n [ME gardin, fr. AF gardin, jardin, of Gmc origin;
`Gan-y-mede\'ga-ni-,yméed\ n [L Ganymedes, fr. Gk Ganymédés] (1565)
`akin to OHG gart enclosure — more at YARD} (13c)|1 a: a plot of
`: a beautiful youth in classical mythology carried off to Olympus to_be
`ground whereherbs,fruits, flowers, or vegetables are cultivated b:a
`the cupbearer of the gods
`rich well-cultivated region c : a container (as a window box) planted
`GAOabbr General Accounting Office
`with usu. a variety of small plants 2 a: a public recreation area or
`1
`gaol\'jal\, gaol-er \"ja-lor\ chiefly Brit var ofJAIL, JAILER
`park usu. ornamented with plants and trees <a botanical ~> b=: an
`open-air ea! place c:a large hall for public entertain-or drinking
`
`
`Gap \'gap\ m [ME,fr. ON, chasm, hole; akin to ON gapa to gape] (14c)
`ment — gar-den-ful\-,fal\ 2
`1a: a break in a barrier.(as a wall, hedge, or line of military defense,
`b: an assailable position 2 a : a mountain pass
`b : RAVINE
`2garden vb gar-dened; gar-den-ing \'gar-"do-nin, "gard-nin\ vi (1577)
`: SPARK GAP 4: a separation in apace b : an incomplete or defi-
`: to lay out or workin a garden ~ vt
`: to make into a garden 2: to
`cient area a ~ in her knowledge),
`5.: a break in continuity : HIATUS
`a ornament with gardens — gar-den-er\"gar-do-nor, 'gard-nor\ n
`6: a break in the vascular cylinderof a plant where a vascular trace de-
`garden adj (1Sc) 1:of, relating to, used in, or frequenting a garden
`
`2 a V of a kind grown in the open as distinguished from one more deli-
`parts from the central cylinder 7 : lack of balance : DISPARITY <the
`cate <~ plant> ©: commonly found : GARDEN-VARIETY
`~ between imports and exports>..8 : a wide difference in character or
`attitude <the generation ~> 9 : a problem caused by somedisparity
`garden apartmentn (1946) : a multiple-unit low-rise dwelling having
`considerable lawn-or garden space
`2,2 communication ~> <credibility ~> — gaP-Py \'ga-Pé\ adj
`‘gap yb gapped; gap-ping vt (1879).
`1.: to make an opening }p 2:to
`gardencity n (1898) : a planned residential community with park and
`adjust between the electrodesof (a spark plug) ~vi: to fallthe space
`
`
`aa areas
`«s77)
`or stand open
`
`gardencressn(1: 2 an annual herb (Lepidiurm sativum) of the mus-
`tard family sometimes cultivated for its pungent basal ae
`‘gape \'gap sometimes ‘gap\ vi gaped; gap-ing [ME,fr. ONgapa;perh.
`akin to L hiare to gape, yawn — more at YAWN] (13c)
`1 a: to open
`gardenhellotrope n (ca. 1902) : a tall rhizomatous Old World valerian
`the mouth wide b : to open orpart widely <holes gaped in the pave-
`(Valeriana officinalis) widely cultivated for its fragrant tiny flowers and
`ment) 2 : to gaze stupidly or in openmouthed surprise or wonder 3
`for its roots which yield the drug valerian
`2: YAWN — gap-ing-ly \"ga-pin-lé, ‘ga-pin-\ adv
`gar-de-nia \gar-"dé-nyo\ n [NL, fr. Alexander Garden +1791 Scot. natu-
`gape n ee 1: an act of gaping: a: YAWN b: an openmouthed
`galtes]LS)Anyofa largeREUUS iGardenta) of Old World tropical
`Ss Of
`the madder famil
`sho’
`fragran
`stare
`2: an unfilled space or extent 3 a: the median margin-to-
`ellow flowers
`y
`oe Tee
`margin length of the open mouth_b: theline along which the mandi-
`arden of Eden (1535) : EDEN
`bles of a bird close. ¢: the width of an opening 4 pl butsing inconstr
`@: adisease of birds and.esp. young birds in which gapeworms invade
`gardenrocket n (1597) : ARUGULA
`andirritate the trachea b_: a fit of yawning
`garden—varlety: adj (1928) : ORDINARY, COMMONPLACE
`9ap-er\'g4-por sometimes 'ga-por\ n (ca. 1637)
`,1
`: one that gapes 2
`garde-robe\'gar-,drob\ [ME,fr. OF, from garder to watch, guard +
`‘ any ofseveral large sluggish burrowing clams (families Myacidae and
`robe clothing] (15c)
`'1!: a wardrobe or its contents 2: a private room
`idae) including several used for food
`reogad10 re tet Fad
`gar-dy:
`ar-dé-
`tel
`th,
`fr.
`le a l'eau! look
`gape-worm \'gap-,worm sometimes "gap-\n (1873) : a nematode worm
`water!] (1622) — used in Edinburgh as a warning cry when tee
`amus trachea) that causes gapes in birds
`
`gapingadj(1588) : wide open <a ~ hole) .
`
`on to throw slops from the windows into the streets
`Sap junction n (1967) : an area of contact between adjacentcells char-
`Gar-et eee (1Sc) : a knight of the Round Table and nephew of
`acterized by modification of the plasma membranes for intercellular
`arfishVelr.fsh Nshtowe\at LEISIOS
`king
`communication or transfer of low molecular-weight substances
`|
`D
`air-"gan
`3-)wo\ n
`1S7D:a
`i
`i
`Sepped Seale n (1910) : a musical scale derived from a larger system
`belafe's Gargantua faves a great ca) my for oaears mls
`mes by omitti
`rtain tones
`{98P-toothed‘gapetatht\ adj (1567) : having gaps between theteeth
`gar-gan-tuan \-wan\adj, often cap (Garguntual (1596) : tremendous in
`Sar\‘eir\ inter)euphemism for God] (1598) — used as a mild oath in
`alls
`size, volume,or degree : GIGANTIC, COLOSSAL <~ waterf:
`2aar
`P
`by gar
`:
`gar-gle \"gar-gol\ vb gar-gled; gar-gling \-2(2-
`IMFgargouii
`imit. origin] vt (152 Ta:to hold rayRa mouth eeof
`Bate body.eae CTE yi and long ni es jaws: as
`@
`Sar » [sh
`arfish
`:
`ofvarious fishes
`that have an elon-
`SS
`*NEEDLEFISH 1b : any of several predaceous No.
`American freshwa-
`‘earponyfishes(family Lepisosteidae) withheavyganoid scales
`\o\ abut \*\ kitten, F table \ar\ further \a\ ash \a\
`a
`\au\out
`\ch\chin \e\bet
`\é\easy \g\go \i\ Orieae
`ARabbr Grand Arm
`bli
`"garage \eotah oralytieRd ‘ach, raj; Brit usu 'ga-(,)razh;
`\p\ sing \5\ go \6\ Jaw \di\ boy \th\ thin \th\ the \i\ loot \a\ foot
`\y\ yet
`\zh\ vision, beige \k, ®,ce, we, “\ see Guide to Pronunciation
`“rij, -rij\n [F, act of docking, garage, fr. garer to dock,fr. MF garrer,
`
`1
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`3
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