6/20/22, 12:47 PM
`
`Mac OS 8
`
`Mac OS 8 - Wikipedia
`
`Mac OS 8 is an operating system that was released by Apple Computer, Inc. on July 26, 1997.[2] It includes the largest
`overhaul of the classic Mac OS experience since the release of System 7, approximately six years before. It places a greater
`emphasis on color than prior versions. Released over a series of updates, Mac OS 8 represents an incremental integration of
`many of the technologies which had been developed from 1988 to 1996 for Apple's overly ambitious OS named Copland. Mac
`OS 8 helped modernize the Mac OS while Apple developed its next-generation operating system, Mac OS X (renamed in
`2012 to OS X and then in 2016 to macOS).
`
`Mac OS 8 is one of Apple's most commercially successful software releases, selling over 1.2 million copies in the first two
`weeks.[2][3] As it came at a difficult time in Apple's history, many pirate groups refused to traffic in the new OS, encouraging
`people to buy it instead.[4]
`
`Mac OS 8.0 introduces the most visible changes in the lineup, including the Platinum interface and a native PowerPC
`multithreaded Finder. Mac OS 8.1 introduces a new, more efficient file system named HFS Plus. Mac OS 8.5 is the first
`version of the Mac OS to require a PowerPC processor. It features PowerPC native versions of QuickDraw, AppleScript, and
`the Sherlock search utility. Its successor, Mac OS 9, was released on October 23, 1999.
`
`Mac OS 8
`A version of the Classic Mac OS operating
`system
`
`Contents
`Copland
`Mac OS 8.0
`Mac OS 8.1
`Mac OS 8.5
`Mac OS 8.5.1
`Mac OS 8.6
`Versions
`Compatibility
`See also
`Notes
`References
`External links
`
`Copland
`
`Starting in 1988, Apple's next-generation operating system, which it originally envisioned to be "System 8" was codenamed
`Copland. It was announced in March 1994 alongside the introduction of the first PowerPC Macs. Apple intended Copland as
`a fully modern system, including native PowerPC code, intelligent agents, a microkernel, a customizable interface named
`Appearance Manager, a hardware abstraction layer, and a relational database integrated into the Finder. Copland was to be
`followed by Gershwin, which promised memory protection spaces and full preemptive multitasking.[5] The system was
`intended to be a full rewrite of the Mac OS, and Apple hoped to beat Microsoft Windows 95 to market with a development
`cycle of only one year.
`
`Screenshot of Mac OS 8.1
`Developer
`Apple Computer, Inc.
`OS family
`Macintosh
`Working state
`Historic, unsupported
`Source model
`Closed source
`Released to
`July 26, 1997
`manufacturing
`Latest release
`Kernel type
`
`8.6 / May 10, 1999[1]
`Monolithic (68k),
`nanokernel (PowerPC)
`Apple Platinum
`
`Default
`user interface
`License
`Proprietary
`Preceded by
`System 7
`Succeeded by Mac OS 9
`Official website Apple - Products - Mac OS
`8.6 (https://web.archive.org/w
`eb/19990922040915/http://ap
`ple.com:80/macos/) at the
`Wayback Machine (archived
`September 22, 1999)
`Support status
`Historical, unsupported as of May 2001
`
`The Copland development was hampered by many missed deadlines. The release date was first pushed back to the end of 1995, then to mid-1996, late 1996, and finally to
`the end of 1997. With a dedicated team of 500 software engineers and an annual budget of $250 million, Apple executives began to grow impatient with the project
`continually falling behind schedule. In August 1996, Apple chief technology officer Ellen Hancock froze development of Copland[6] and Apple began a search for an
`operating system developed outside the company.[5] This ultimately led to Apple buying NeXT and developing Rhapsody which would eventually evolve into Mac OS X in
`2001 (now named macOS).
`
`At the Worldwide Developers Conference in January 1997, Apple chief executive officer (CEO) Gil Amelio announced that, rather than release Copland as one monolithic
`release, Copland features would be phased into the Mac OS following a six-month release cycle. These updates began with Mac OS 7.6, released during WWDC. Mac OS
`8.0, released six months later, continued to integrate Copland technologies into the Mac OS.[7]
`Mac OS 8.0
`
`Developed under the codename "Tempo", Mac OS 8.0 was released on July 26, 1997. (after being introduced a few days earlier on July 22[8]) The early beta releases of the
`product which were circulated to developers and Apple internal audiences, were branded as Mac OS 7.7, superseding the then-current release, Mac OS 7.6. The software
`was renamed Mac OS 8 before final release.
`
`Major changes in this version included the Platinum theme, a Finder which was PowerPC-native and multithreaded, and greater customization of the user interface.
`
`Other features introduced in Mac OS 8.0 include the following:[9]
`
`Customization of system fonts and increased use of the user-set accent color.
`Pop-up context menus, accessed via ctrl-click with a one-button mouse.
`Pop-up (or tabbed) windows in the Finder.
`Spring-loaded folders.
`Live scrolling.
`WindowShade widget in window titlebars.
`Multithreaded Finder — file copy operations run in a separate thread and don't block the Finder UI.
`Redesigned color picker.
`Desktop Pictures control panel, allowing photographs to be set as the desktop background; not only tiled patterns.
`Simple Finder, an option which reduces Finder menus to basic operations, to avoid overwhelming new users.
`
`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_8
`
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`EXHIBIT 1062
`Samsung et al. v. Neonode
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`
`

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`Mac OS 8 - Wikipedia
`6/20/22, 12:47 PM
`Relocation of the 'Help' menu from an icon at the right end of the menu bar to a standard textual menu positioned after the application's menus.
`A faster Apple Guide, featuring HTML help pages.
`Native support of Apple Filing Protocol over IP.
`Performance improvements to virtual memory, AppleScript execution and system startup times.
`Faster desktop rebuilding.
`
`Mac OS 8.1
`
`Released on January 19, 1998, Mac OS 8.1 was the last version of the Mac OS to run on Motorola 68000 series processors. It addressed performance and reliability
`improvements. It introduced a new file system named HFS+, also named Mac OS Extended, which supported large file sizes and made more efficient use of larger hard
`drives via using a smaller block size. To upgrade, users must reformat the hard drive, which deletes the entire contents of the drive. Some third-party utilities later
`appeared that preserved the user's data while upgrading to HFS+. The 68040 systems do not support booting from HFS+ disks; the boot drive must be HFS.[10]
`
`Mac OS 8.1 was the first system to have a Universal Disk Format (UDF) driver,[a] allowing for DVD support on the Mac for the first time. It also shipped with the new Java
`runtime (JDK 1.13).
`
`Mac OS 8.1 also included an enhanced version of PC Exchange, allowing Macintosh users to see the long file names (up to 255 characters) on files that were created on PCs
`running Microsoft Windows, and supporting FAT32.
`
`Mac OS 8.1 is the earliest version of the Mac OS that can run Carbon applications. Carbon support requires a PowerPC processor and installation of the CarbonLib software
`from Apple's website; it is not a standard component of Mac OS 8.1. Applications needing later versions of CarbonLib will not run on Mac OS 8.1. More recent versions of
`CarbonLib require Mac OS 8.6.
`
`As part of Apple's agreement with Microsoft, 8.1 included Internet Explorer 3 initially, but soon switched to Internet Explorer 4 as its default browser.
`
`Mac OS 8.1 was free for Mac OS 8 owners and was available in February 1998 via the apple.com website.
`Mac OS 8.5
`
`Released October 17, 1998, Mac OS 8.5 was the first version of the Mac OS to run solely on Macs equipped with a PowerPC processor. If Mac OS 8.5 is installed on a 68k
`system, the Sad Mac error screen will appear. As such, it replaced some, but not all, of the 680x0 code with PowerPC code, improving system performance by relying less
`on 680x0 emulation.
`
`It introduced the Sherlock search utility. This allowed users to search the contents of documents on hard drives (if the user had let it index the drive), or extend a search to
`the Internet. Sherlock plug-ins started appearing at this time; these allowed users to search the contents of other websites.
`
`Mac OS 8.5 includes several performance improvements. Copying files over a network was faster than prior versions and Apple advertised it as being "faster than Windows
`NT".[11] AppleScript was also rewritten to use only PowerPC code, which improved AppleScript execution speed significantly.
`
`Font Smoothing, system-wide antialiasing for type was also introduced. The HTML format for online help, first adopted by the Finder's Info Center in Mac OS 8, was now
`used throughout. This made it easier for software companies to write online help systems. The PPP control panel was removed and replaced with Remote Access, which
`provides the same functionality but also allows connections to AppleTalk Remote Access (ARA) servers.
`
`The installation process was simplified considerably in Mac OS 8.5. In earlier versions the installer worked in segments and often required a user to click to continue in
`between stages of the installation. This was a holdover from the days when the OS was distributed on multiple floppy disks, disk swapping promoting a natural
`segmentation model. The Mac OS 8.5 installer generally required very little user interaction once it was started. Customisation options were also much more detailed yet
`simpler to manage.
`
`From Mac OS 8.5 onward, MacLinkPlus document translation software is no longer bundled as part of the Mac OS.
`
`Mac OS 8.5 was the first version of the Mac OS to support themes, or skins, which could change the default Apple Platinum look of the Mac OS to "Gizmo" or "HiTech"
`themes. This radical changing of the computer's appearance was removed at the last minute, and appeared only in beta versions, though users could still make (and share)
`their own themes and use them with the OS. The Appearance control panel was also updated to support proportional scroll bars, and added the option for both scroll
`arrows to be placed at the bottom of a scroll bar.
`
`Along with themes support, 8.5 was the first version to support 32-bit icons. Icons now had 24-bit color (16.7 million colors) and an 8-bit alpha channel, allowing for
`transparency-translucency effects.
`
`The application palette made its debut with 8.5 – the application menu at the right side of the menu bar could be resized to show the active application's name, or 'torn off'
`into a palette of buttons. This palette could be customized in many ways, by removing the window frame and changing the size and layout of the buttons. Apple provided
`no user interface to set these options, instead making them available via AppleScript and Apple Events and relying on third parties to provide a user interface for the task.
`By setting it to display horizontally and turning off the window border, the palette's look and function could be configured to resemble the Windows 95 task bar.
`
`Mac OS 8.5.1
`
`Mac OS 8.5.1, released December 7, 1998, was a minor update to Mac OS 8.5 that fixes several bugs that caused crashes and data corruption.
`Mac OS 8.6
`
`Released May 10, 1999, Mac OS 8.6 added support to the Mac OS nanokernel to handle preemptive tasks via the Multiprocessing Services 2.x and later developer API. This
`update improved PowerBook battery life and added Sherlock 2.1. This free update for Mac users running 8.5 and 8.5.1 was faster and much more stable than either version
`of 8.5.x and was also the first version of Mac OS to display the version number as part of the startup screen. However, there was still no process separation; the system still
`used cooperative multitasking between processes, and even a process that is Multiprocessing Services-aware still had a portion that ran in the "blue task", which also ran
`all programs that were unaware of it, and was the only task that could run 68k code.
`
`Versions
`
`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_8
`
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`6/20/22, 12:47 PM
`
`Version
`8.0 (https://devel
`oper.apple.com/t
`echnotes/tn/tn110
`2.html)
`
`8.1 (https://devel
`oper.apple.com/t
`echnotes/tn/tn112
`1.html)
`
`8.5 (https://devel
`oper.apple.com/t
`echnotes/tn/tn114
`2.html)
`
`8.5.1
`
`8.6 (https://devel
`oper.apple.com/t
`echnotes/tn/tn116
`3.html)
`
`Changes
`
`Initial release
`
`Mac OS 8 - Wikipedia
`
`Computer
`
`Power Macintosh G3
`
`Codename
`
`Tempo
`
`Price
`
`$99 US
`
`HFS+ file system
`
`iMac (Bondi Blue) Rev. A
`
`Bride of Buster
`
`Free update
`
`Release date
`
`July 26, 1997
`
`January 19, 1998
`
`(download) (https://we
`b.archive.org/web/201
`01204003221/http://do
`cs.info.apple.com/artic
`le.html?artnum=3034
`5)
`
`October 17, 1998
`
`PowerPC required, Sherlock, Themes, 32-
`bit icons
`
`iMac (Bondi Blue) Rev. B
`
`Allegro
`
`$99 US
`
`December 7, 1998
`
`[1] (https://web.archiv
`e.org/web/200302012
`24811/http://docs.info.
`apple.com/article.htm
`l?artnum=26165)
`
`May 10, 1999
`
`(download) (http://doc
`s.info.apple.com/articl
`e.html?artnum=6028
`3) Archived (https://we
`b.archive.org/web/201
`01204003410/http://do
`cs.info.apple.com/artic
`le.html?artnum=6028
`3) December 4, 2010,
`at
`the Wayback
`Machine
`
`Crash, memory leaks and data corruption
`fixes
`
`iMac (5 flavors)
`
`The Ric Ford (of
`Macintouch) Release
`
`New nanokernel to support Multiprocessing
`Services 2.0, battery life improvement
`
`iBook
`
`Veronica
`
`Free update
`
`Compatibility
`
`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_8
`
`3/5
`
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`

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`
`Mac OS 8 - Wikipedia
`
`8.0[12]
`
`8.1[12]
`
`8.5[12]
`
`8.6[12]
`
`Yes
`
`No
`
`Yes
`
`Yes: machine-specific version only
`
`Yes: machine-specific version only
`
`Yes
`
`Yes
`
`No
`
`No
`
`Yes: machine-specific version only
`
`Yes
`
`No
`
`Yes: machine-specific version only
`
`Macintosh model
`All Centris / Quadra machines
`Macintosh LC 475, 575, 580
`PowerBook 190
`PowerBook 520
`PowerBook 540
`PowerBook Duo 2300
`PowerBook 5300
`PowerBook 1400
`PowerBook 2400
`PowerBook 3400
`Power Macintosh 4400
`Power Macintosh 5200
`Power Macintosh 5300
`Power Macintosh 5400
`Power Macintosh 5500
`Power Macintosh 6100
`Power Macintosh 6200
`Power Macintosh 6300
`Power Macintosh 6400
`Power Macintosh 6500
`Power Macintosh 7100
`Power Macintosh 7200
`Power Macintosh 7300
`Power Macintosh 7500
`Power Macintosh 8100
`Power Macintosh 8500
`Power Macintosh 9500
`Power Macintosh 7600
`Power Macintosh 8600
`Power Macintosh 9600
`Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh
`Power Macintosh G3 All-In-One
`Power Macintosh G3
`PowerBook G3
`iMac G3
`iMac G3 (266 MHz, 333 MHz)
`Power Macintosh G3 Blue and
`White
`iMac G3 (Slot Loading)
`Power Macintosh G4 (PCI
`Graphics)
`Power Macintosh G4 (AGP
`Graphics)
`iBook
`
`See also
`
`List of Apple operating systems
`
`Notes
`
`a. Read and write version support for UDF version 1.02 only. Some earlier versions of the operating system could support UDF via third-party utilities as far back as 7.5,
`along with additional UDF version support. Future versions of UDF were not officially supported until 8.6.
`
`References
`1. https://archive.today/20130209071935/http://www.versiontracker.com/dyn/moreinfo/macos/3594. "Where do you want to pirate today?" (https://www.forbes.com/1997/08/08/colu
`
`mn.html). Forbes. August 8, 1997. "In fact, the latest word out in the Macwarez
`2. "Apple Sells 1.2 Million Copies of Mac OS 8; Best Software Product Sales Ever
`scene is that pirates shouldn't copy Apple's OS 8—Mac's latest operating
`in First Two Weeks of Availability" (https://web.archive.org/web/2009042308323
`system—they should buy it, since Apple so desperately needs the money."
`4/http://www.apple.com/ca/press/1997/08/MacOS8Sales.html). Archived from
`the original (https://www.apple.com/ca/press/1997/08/MacOS8Sales.html) on
`5. Linzmayer, Owen (1999). Apple Confidential – "The Copland Crisis". No Starch
`April 23, 2009. Retrieved October 1, 2017.
`Press. pp. 225–226.
`3. "Mac OS 8 Sales on Fire" (https://archive.today/20120718024735/http://news.cn
`6. "How Apple Took its NeXT Step" (http://www.businessweek.com/archives/1997/
`et.com/Mac-OS-8-sales-on-fire/2100-1001_3-202222.html). Archived from the
`b3509223.arc.htm). "in August, newly hired chief technologist Ellen Hancock
`original (http://news.cnet.com/Mac+OS+8+sales+on+fire/2100-1001_3-202222.h
`froze development altogether."
`tml) on July 18, 2012. Retrieved March 30, 2007.
`
`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_8
`
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`6/20/22, 12:47 PM
`7. Carlton, Jim (1999) [1997]. Apple: The Inside Story of Intrigue, Egomania and
`Business Blunders (2nd ed.). London: Random House Business Books.
`ISBN 0099270730. OCLC 925000937 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/92500093
`7).
`8. "Apple Introduces Mac OS 8--Most Significant Macintosh Operating System
`Release Since 1984" (https://web.archive.org/web/19990220040108/http://produ
`ct.info.apple.com/pr/press.releases/1997/q4/970722.pr.rel.macos8.html). Apple.
`July 22, 1997. Archived from the original (http://product.info.apple.com/pr/press.r
`eleases/1997/q4/970722.pr.rel.macos8.html) on February 20, 1999. Retrieved
`October 2, 2019.
`
`Mac OS 8 - Wikipedia
`9. Pogue, David; Schorr, Joseph (1999). MacWorld Mac Secrets, 5th Edition (http
`s://archive.org/details/mac_Macworld_Mac_Secrets_5th_Edition_1999). IDG.
`pp. 318 (https://archive.org/details/mac_Macworld_Mac_Secrets_5th_Edition_1
`999/page/n353)–319. ISBN 9780764540400.
`10. "LowEndMac" (http://lowendmac.com/2015/quadra-and-centris-mac-index/).
`February 13, 2015.
`11. "Apple Introduces Mac OS 8.5 - The Must-Have Upgrade" (https://www.apple.co
`m/ca/press/1998/10/MacOS85.html). Retrieved May 10, 2011.
`12. "Mac OS 8 and 9 compatibility with Macintosh computers" (http://support.apple.c
`om/kb/HT1835). Apple Inc. Retrieved February 28, 2009.
`
`External links
`
`Technical Note TN1102: Mac OS 8 (https://web.archive.org/web/20040222135829/http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn1102.html) at the Wayback Machine
`(archived February 22, 2004) from apple.com
`Technical Note TN1121: Mac OS 8.1 (https://web.archive.org/web/20040410161222/http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn1121.html) at the Wayback Machine
`(archived April 10, 2004) from apple.com
`Technical Note TN1142: Mac OS 8.5 (https://web.archive.org/web/20040821145809/http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn1142.html) at the Wayback Machine
`(archived August 21, 2004) from apple.com
`Technical Note TN1163: Mac OS 8.6 (https://web.archive.org/web/20040619184151/http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn1163.html) at the Wayback Machine
`(archived June 19, 2004) from apple.com
`Mac OS 8 Hardware Compatibility (http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1835)
`
`Timeline of Macintosh operating systems
`
`Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mac_OS_8&oldid=1091275533"
`
`This page was last edited on 3 June 2022, at 07:48 (UTC).
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`registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
`
`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_8
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