R015631
`
`RJR R&D
`SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION SERVICES LIBRARY
`
`DATE:
`
`September 14, 2006
`
`AUTHORS:
`
`Kevin Hatch1
`Eric Hunt2
`David Griffith3
`John Robinson
`
`DEPARTMENT:
`
`'R&D Quality Assurance
`
`DIVISION:
`
`Product Evaluation
`3Reduced Risk and Applied
`Product Development
`
`'Quality Assurance
`Instrumentation, 686
`2Tobacco & Smoke
`Chemistry, 147
`3 Applied/Fundamental
`Research, 776
`
`CLIENT:
`
`Natalie Takenaka
`
`NOTEBOOK
`PAGES:
`
`N/A
`
`PREVIOUS
`REPORTS:
`
`None
`
`PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF A COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ELECTRIC
`AEROSOL INHALER FROM CHINA
`
`OBJECTIVE: Provide a preliminary understanding of the design and features of a recently
`introduced electronic cigar (E-Cigar) that yields nicotine containing aerosol when puffed.
`Detemiine aerosol and nicotine yields for the E-Cigar under a set of machine smoking conditions
`that would help define puffing parameters that could be used for future studies.
`
`SUMMARY: The commercially available electronic cigar from Beijing SBT RUYAN
`Technology & Development Co., Ltd, produces a heated aerosol containing tobacco extract and
`nicotine. The rechargeable battery is easily replaced, as is the cartridge containing the aerosol
`generating material (propylene glycol) and tobacco extract. The electronics contained within the
`cigar are such that heat is applied only during a puff, generating substantial amounts of aerosol.
`When compared to Eclipse cigarettes on a laboratory smoking machine using a modified Eclipse
`"intense" puffing regimen (22 puffs, 60ml, 3s duration, one puff every 30s), wet total particulate
`matter and nicotine yields were comparable. For the electronic cigar, one battery charge
`produced aerosol for almost 400 puffs, while the extract cartridge produced aerosol for over 600
`puffs, the equivalent to more than 25 Eclipse cigarettes.
`
`STATUS: This preliminary study is complete.
`
`KEYWORDS: Electric cigar, pipe, aerosol, nicotine, propylene glycol, yield, PREP
`
`Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nyvy0228
`
`RJRT004436083
`
`Philip Morris Products, S.A.
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 001
`
`

`

`Introduction: Beijing SBT RUYAN Technology & Development Co., Ltd (Abbr. RUYAN
`Tech.) is a subsidiary company, owned by the Hong Kong based SBT Corporation. Further
`information about the company and their products can be viewed at their website:
`ilttpyVw^
`
`In 2004, Ruyan Tech, introduced for commercial sale in the Chinese market a battery-operated
`electronic cigar capable of generating significant amounts of nicotine containing aerosol when
`puffed in the manner of a traditional tobacco burning cigar (see World Patent WO 2004/095955
`(11.11.2004 Gazette 2004/46)). Two commercial versions of the device exist at this time, the
`Ruyan Atomizing Electronic Cigar and the Ruyan Atomizing Electronic Pipe. This report
`provides information on the electronic cigar.
`
`A brief except from their website describing the electric cigar follows (grammatical errors have
`not been corrected):
`
`RUYAN jB ANI is a none-igniting substitute of the cigarette, it has some characteristics
`with the traditional cigarettes, such ad making you refresh, fulfilling the smokers' needs;
`But it has much more different with the traditional cigarettes substantially, such as no tar,
`no ignition, no 460 kinds of chemical substances that can lead to respiratory and cardiac
`system diseases, no the carcinogenic in the traditional cigarettes....
`
`So the smokers who use RUYAN@ANI will avoid tar and many dangerous substances to
`get into their lungs and bodies.
`
`In addition, the instruction manual for the devices includes the following (taken from the manual
`for the electronic pipe):
`
`The Ruyan atomizing electronic pipe is a nonflammable atomizing electronic pipe, which
`performs and carries the similar functions and features as the ordinary pipe. It produces a
`refreshing feeling and fulfills the smokers' addiction through the delivery of the senses of
`satisfaction and relaxation. Besides, the product also carries the functions as a smoke-
`quitting substitute. The major differences between the Ruyan atomizing electronic pipe
`and ordinary pipe are:
`
`1. No tar or the harmful constituents to the human body, hence contains no carcinogenic
`compounds;
`2. No ignition required, hence will not lead to the production of more than 4,000
`constituents from chemical reaction during ignition;
`3. No "second hand smoke" or environmental pollution;
`4. No possibility to cause fire. It can be used safely at fire prevention area;
`5. According to the smoke-quitting proposal, the target of quitting smoke can be reached
`non-painfully in a short period of time.
`
`The Reduced Risk and Applied Product Development group at RJRT purchased three electronic
`pipes and three electronic cigars though colleagues visiting China. The cigars and pipes were
`purchased for study in the laboratory in an effort to better understand the design of the products
`and how they function. The bulk of our work to date has been directed at understanding the
`electronic cigar.
`
`Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nyvy0228
`
`Philip Morris Products, S.A.
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 002
`
`

`

`Methods: One of the purchased cigars was carefully dissected in the QA Instrumentation
`Laboratory. Digital photos were taken throughout the process to document the construction of
`the cigar and to allow inferences to be made concerning the functions of the various components.
`
`Another electronic cigar was studied in the smoke lab to determine aerosol yields when
`"smoked" on a modified Borgwaldt 20 port linear smoking machine. Since no defined smoking
`regimen exists for testing a device of this nature, we decided to test the aerosol yields from the
`electronic cigar using puffing parameters that have been used in the past to study Eclipse
`cigarettes. It was theorized that since the aerosol yield from the electronic cigar was in all
`likelihood closer in composition to the smoke yielded from Eclipse cigarettes than the smoke
`yielded from tobacco burning cigarettes, using puffing parameters that have been associated with
`Eclipse cigarettes could provide a foundation for making future comparisons.
`
`To maximize the potential aerosol yield from the electronic cigar, we decided that using the
`puffing parameters associated with the Eclipse "intense" puffing regimen would be used. The
`Eclipse "intense" puffing regimen consists of 22 puffs, 60ml volume, with each puff lasting 2
`seconds. One puff is taken every 30 seconds until the final puff is taken. This puffing regimen
`is typically referred to via the shorthand descriptor "60/30/2".
`
`After some initial attempts to measure aerosol yield from the electric cigar, it was determined
`that under the 60/30/2 puffing regimen, yields were relatively low. In some informal tests, we
`determined that by increasing the puff duration by 1 second, (i.e. 60/30/3), aerosol yields from
`the electronic cigar increased dramatically. Data from both 60/30/2 and 60/30/3 regimens are
`presented in the Results section (below).
`
`Results:
`
`Anatomy Of the Electronic Cigar - One of the electronic cigars was carefully dissected in the
`QA laboratory in an effort to 1) identify as many of the individual components as possible; 2)
`document the design of the cigar; and 3) infer as much as possible concerning how the cigar
`functions. A collection of digital photographs were taken and are available for viewing at:
`(iilejTwii^^
`A small subset of the photos will be
`included in this report to facilitate understanding of the design of the electronic cigar.
`
`Figure 1 depicts the electronic cigar and accessories in the original retail box. Included along
`with the electronic cigar (A) are: a battery charger (B); two lithium rechargeable batteries (4.2V)
`that seem identical in physical size to standard AAA batteries (C); and two plastic covers that fit
`tightly over the mouthpiece of the electronic cigar when the cigar is not in use to keep the mouth
`end of the cigar from getting soiled (D).
`
`Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nyvy0228
`
`Philip Morris Products, S.A.
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 003
`
`

`

`Figure 1
`
`Figure 2 shows the fully assembled cigar as it would be used by the smoker. The cigar body is
`round, except for the flattened mouthpiece. Approximate size of the assembled cigar is 146mm
`long with a diameter of 13mm.
`
`^suPi^slfiiasi
`
`Figure 2
`
`In Figure 3, the mouthpiece/extract cartridge unit (B) and the front-end plastic "widow" (C) have
`been separated from the cigar body (A). Parts B & C, are designed to be easily removed from
`the body of the electronic cigar by un-screwing from the threaded gold rings (D). For a detailed
`description of the mouthpiece/extract cartridge see Moore, 2006 (ACD-M DSM 2006, 142 A).
`
`Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nyvy0228
`
`RJRT004436086
`
`Philip Morris Products, S.A.
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 004
`
`

`

`The mouthpiece/extract cartridge unit is designed to be periodically replaced with a new unit
`when aerosol levels from the cigar diminish. The plastic window is easily removed to allow a
`discharged battery to be replaced with a freshly charged battery (E). The gold colored rings (D)
`are normally permanently glued to the inside of the cigar body and can also serve as contact
`points for the electrical circuitry (note solder drop on forward ring [arrow]). Finally, a small
`whole in the cigar body provides access to a reset contact for the electronic circuit (F).
`
`\
`
`Figure 3
`
`The stainless steel sleeve or main body of the electronic cigar (component A in picture above)
`was cut longitudinally to expose the interior and allow access to the internal components (Figure
`4).
`
`Microchip(s)
`
`Figure 4
`
`The interior of the electronic cigar body (Figure 4) houses the battery holder (A) and the micro
`chip(s) controlling the electronic circuitry (black arrow), a stainless steel ring (B), the two heater
`elements (one contained within the steel ring, the other nearest the mouth end of the cigar (C)
`and the air-flow sensor switch (internal to D). Metal ring E appears to be inserted for structural
`support to maintain the shape of the electronic cigar where the extract cartridge is inserted to
`
`Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nyvy0228
`
`RJRT004436087
`
`Philip Morris Products, S.A.
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 005
`
`

`

`make contact with heater element C. All internal components of the electronic cigar are held
`rigidly in place with epoxy that coats the internal surface of the stainless steel tube. The precise
`positioning of the components and their relationship to one another strongly suggests to us that
`the electronic cigar is assembled by hand.
`
`One aspect that cannot be shown in the photos is that the battery holder contains several channels
`that are recessed from the inside of the cigar. These channels are formed along the outside of the
`battery holder between the holder and the inside of the cigar tube. We believe these are air
`channels. When the cigar is puffed, air enters the cigar through 4 very small holes contained in
`the plastic "window' (in the front of the cigar) and then flows along the outside of the battery
`holder in the channels. At the interface of components A & B, the air is directed through the
`metal ring (B), where the air-flow closes a switch which activates the heaters which in turn
`generate the aerosol that exits the mouth-end of the cigar. More operational details are provided
`below.
`
`Figure 5
`
`A close-up of the battery holder and internal metal ring is provided in Figure 5. In the front of
`the battery holder are a ground wire (A) which is normally soldered to the forward threaded ring,
`a light emitting diode (LED) (B) that provides the visual "glow" when the cigar is puffed, and a
`metal pad (C) that allows the electronic circuitry to be reset through a small hole in the cigar
`body (see Figure 3). Wires from the ground, LED and reset pad (A, B, C) travel back and into
`the electronic chip(s) that control the electronic circuitry (D). The chip(s) is contained in a
`section of the battery holder that is filled with opaque epoxy resin, which prevents identification
`of the number and type of electronic chip(s) used. We are currently attempting to remove the
`electronics in a manner that will allow us to identify the number and type of chip(s) used. A
`group of wires then exits the section containing the electronic chip(s) (E) and travels to the air(cid:173)
`flow switch and heaters (Figs 6 & 7).
`
`Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nyvy0228
`
`Philip Morris Products, S.A.
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 006
`
`

`

`Puff
`
`Indicator v^
`
`The schematic diagram (above) represents our current "best guess" of the electronic circuitry
`contained within the electronic cigar. To date, we have not been able to extract the actual
`microchip(s) used in the cigar from the opaque epoxy resin and consequently, cannot determine
`the exact electronic circuit that is being used.
`
`Figure 6
`
`Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nyvy0228
`
`Philip Morris Products, S.A.
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 007
`
`

`

`In Figure 6, metal ring A is the same metal ring that appears on the extreme right of Figure 5. Contained
`within and exiting from the mouth end of ring A are B, the magnetic reed air-flow switch, a second
`stainless steel ring that contains a circular ceramic heater (C), and a second heater/wick (D) that sits on
`top of the ceramic heater and protrudes into the spongy extract cartridge in the assembled cigar. The
`second heater/wick is made of what appears to be a metallic cloth material that is somewhat bendable but
`will hold its shape.
`
`Figure 7
`
`Figure 7 offers close-up views of the mouth end of the air-flow switch and plastic "cover" (A)
`which we feel prevents liquid extract from dripping down into the electronic components (left
`panel). The right panel of Figure 7 provides a close-up of the heater/wick assembly which sits
`"on top of (i.e., closer to the mouth end) of the ceramic heater. The heater/wick assembly helps
`draw liquid extract from the cartridge down to the heaters.
`
`When air is drawn through the cigar during a puff, a magnetic reed switch contained in the
`apparatus in the left-hand panel of Figure 7 vibrates closed and energizes the cigar. At the same
`time, a signal is sent to the LED that causes the LED to glow, indicating the cigar is active. A
`signal is also sent to the ceramic ring heater which we believe provides a low level of
`background heat and acts to "pre-heaf the air entering the heater/wick assembly. Finally, a 66
`ohm heater coil contained in the heater/wick assembly provides a higher temperature heat which
`creates aerosol from the liquid contained in and around the metallic wick. Puffing on the
`electronic cigar quickly produces an aerosol that is composed principally of propylene glycol and
`nicotine.
`
`The electronic cigar is currently available for sale in China, and a similar (in appearance) item is
`offered for sale in the over the internet at wwy^cig,c{irt Also available for sale in China is an
`electronic pipe (Figure 7) which appears to operate in a similar manner as the cigar, although we
`have not dissected the pipe to determine its internal structure.
`
`Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nyvy0228
`
`Philip Morris Products, S.A.
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 008
`
`

`

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`
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`
`Figure 7
`
`Though not currently available commercially, the manufacturer of the electronic cigar has stated
`that a smaller version, closer in size to a cigarette, will be commercially available in late 2006 or
`early 2007 (Figure 8). A working prototype of the cigarette model (pictured) was found to
`generate significant aerosol when puffed, though the aerosol was judged to be somewhat
`"lighter" in taste than the aerosol from the electronic cigar and pipe configurations.
`
`Figure 8
`
`Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nyvy0228
`
`RJRT004436091
`
`Philip Morris Products, S.A.
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 009
`
`

`

`Aerosol Yields of the Electronic Cigar
`
`Analyses of the extract cartridge and extract liquid were performed in the Analytical Chemistry
`division and the results reported in 2 R&D memos (Moore, ACD-M DSM 2006, 142A; Scott,
`ACD-M WAS 2006, 144). The reader is referred to these two memos for a detailed description
`of the cartridge and extract. For purposes of this report, we will only mention that the liquid
`extract contained in the cartridges was composed principally of propylene glycol, and also
`contained a natural tobacco extract. It appears the nicotine content of the extract had been
`enhanced in all three levels of nicotine-containing cartridges (Fow, Mid, High). A "0" cartridge
`contained little, if any, nicotine.
`
`Fiterature supplied with the electronic cigar stated that nicotine content of the cartridges is as
`follows: High = 18mg, Mid = 14mg, and Fow = 1 lmg of nicotine. However, as detailed in
`ACD-M WAS 2006, 144, significant differences in these values were observed when a small
`number of cartridges were analyzed to determine nicotine content. Additional studies will be
`required to understand why these differences occurred.
`
`Several small studies were conducted in the FTC smoke lab on aerosol yields from the electronic
`cigar. Since no standardized smoking regimen exists that can be applied to a study of aerosol
`yields from the electronic cigar, we decided to compare yields to adopt a puffing regimen that
`had been applied previously to the study of Eclipse cigarettes. Our rationale was that using
`Eclipse cigarettes and an Eclipse puffing regimen would provide the foundation for future
`comparisons of the electronic cigar to a well characterized, commercial cigarette. The first
`questions we wanted to answer were how much aerosol is generated by the electronic cigar, and
`how long does the cigar "last" under specified puffing conditions.
`
`As a starting point, in an attempt to potentially maximize yields from the electronic cigar, we
`decided to use what has been termed Eclipse "intense" puffing parameters. Standard FTC
`puffing parameters are one 35ml puff, lasting 2 sec in duration, taken once every 60 sec
`(35/60/2). Puffing stops when the cigarette burns to a specified butt length (overwrap + 3mm).
`Since Eclipse does not burn down, our studies of aerosol yields from Eclipse have been
`conducted to a specified number of puffs, not a specific butt length. Over the years, the Eclipse
`"intense" puffing regimen was developed to help fully characterize and understand aerosol yields
`from Eclipse. The Eclipse "intense" puffing regimen consists of 60ml puffs, lasting 2 sec in
`duration, one puff taken every 30 sec (60/30/2). Since Eclipse does not burn down, puffing is
`stopped after 22 puffs, which ensures that the Eclipse fuel source has been consumed.
`
`The aerosol yield studies used "Medium" ("Med" or "Mid") and "High" extract cartridges that
`came with the original electronic cigars (OEM cartridges) and cartridges that had been purchased
`from the previously mentioned website (Aftermarket cartridges). The initial attempts to study
`the electronic cigar using Eclipse "intense" conditions indicated that the cigars yielded less than
`50% of the aerosol yielded by Eclipse under the same puffing conditions.
`
`Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nyvy0228
`
`Philip Morris Products, S.A.
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 010
`
`

`

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`
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`
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`
`S Eclipse
`
`@:; Eclipse:
`
`o 0EM fJiiff
`
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`
`1
`
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`
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`
`Figure 9
`
`60/30/02 Nicotine Yields
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`In an attempt to increase aerosol yields from the electronic cigar, we decided to lengthen the
`duration of the individual puffs from 2 sec to 3 sec duration. This was decided after casual
`observations that slightly longer puffs by smokers using the electronic cigar and pipe seemed to
`generate significantly more aerosol. The puffing regimen with 3 sec duration puffs is indicated
`via the shorthand notation "60/30/3" in subsequent charts. As can be seen in Figures 11 and 12,
`aerosol yields from the electronic cigar increased significantly and in some cases exceeded yields
`
`Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nyvy0228
`
`RJRT004436093
`
`Philip Morris Products, S.A.
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 011
`
`

`

`from Eclipse. The increased yields were in all likelihood due to an increase in temperature of the
`heating elements, resulting in more efficient aerosol generation.
`
`60/30/03 Tar" Yields
`
`1
`
`2
`Cartridge Type / Eclipse
`
`Figure 11
`
`60/30/03 Nicotine Yields
`
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`
`Figure 12
`
`In an additional study, one OEM "Medium" cartridge was puffed continuously using 60/30/3
`puffing parameters to determine how long it would yield aerosol. Again for this study, 22 puffs
`were used to define one "cigarette" smoking. After each 66 puffs (defined as 3 "cigarettes"), the
`Cambridge pad on the smoking machine was removed, weighed, saved for analysis of nicotine
`and water, and a new pad inserted for the next 66 puffs.
`
`Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nyvy0228
`
`RJRT004436094
`
`Philip Morris Products, S.A.
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 012
`
`

`

`As can be seen in Figures 13 and 14, one "Medium" cartridge yielded significant amounts of
`aerosol for more than 600 puffs. With 22 puffs defining one "smoking" of an Eclipse cigarette,
`this cartridge in the electronic cigar yielded aerosol equivalent to 25 to 30 Eclipse cigarettes.
`The reader should note that the battery in the electronic cigar was recharged after 396 puffs,
`indicating that the extract cartridge "outlasts" the battery charge.
`
`"Tar" Yield From Medium Cartridge
`(note: Battery Recharge after 396 puffs)
`
`1000 -
`
`800 -
`
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`
`600 -
`~
`3 400
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`
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`66 132 198 264 330 396 462 528 594 660 726
`Puffs Medium Catridge
`
`Figure 13
`
`'Nicotine" Yield From Medium Cartridge
`(note: Battery Recharge after 396 puffs)
`
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`
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`
`Figure 14
`
`As a visual illustration that the particulate yield from the electronic cigar contains few, if any,
`combustion products, the photograph in Figure 15 was taken. The aerosol particulate trapped on
`the filter pad from two Eclipse cigarettes (22 puffs each, 60/30/3) was light-brown in color
`indicating some combustion products are present in the particulates generated from Eclipse. The
`
`Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nyvy0228
`
`RJRT004436095
`
`Philip Morris Products, S.A.
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 013
`
`

`

`filter pad containing the trapped particulate aerosol from 44 puffs on the "Medium" cartridge in
`the electronic cigar did not indicate any change in color.
`
`
`Ganibriu'ge Pads
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`
`Discussion
`
`Construction/Design
`
`The Ruyan electronic cigar is commercially available in China. It contains no tobacco,
`but does contain a replaceable cartridge that is soaked in a solution of propylene glycol and
`tobacco extract, containing nicotine. It is sold in China with the principal claim that it is a
`smoking cessation aid since (according to the manufacturer) the various nicotine levels of the
`extract cartridges (High, Medium, Low, Zero) allow the smoker to gradually reduce their
`nicotine intake and eventually stop smoking. The literature, however, also contains statements to
`the effect that the cigar will "fulfill the smokers' addiction through the delivery of the senses of
`satisfaction and relaxation", with "no tar or the harmful constituents to the human body, hence
`no carcinogenic compounds", "no second hand smoke", and "no possibility to cause fire."
`
`While the idea of generating a cigarette-like aerosol without burning tobacco is not new
`(see: Whittenmore, Jr. US 2,057,353; McCormick, US 2,104,266; Brooks, et al, US 4,947,874;
`Counts, et al., US 5,060,671; Counts, et al., US 5,144,962)) the Ruyan electronic cigar seems to
`have addressed several shortcomings of some of the earlier attempts at producing a cigarette-like
`
`Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nyvy0228
`
`Philip Morris Products, S.A.
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 014
`
`

`

`aerosol without combustion. While based principally on anecdotal comments of both smokers
`and non-smokers, we thought it valuable to include these observations (below) to provide the
`reader with a feel for some of the challenges the electronic cigar seems to have met.
`
`The electronic cigar is of a comfortable size and shape. It is easy to hold, and while
`heavier than a tobacco cigar of the same size, is not excessively or uncomfortably heavy. The
`battery is easily changed, charges fairly rapidly (~2 hours after the initial 8 hour charge) and
`provides sufficient energy for approximately 400 (3sec) puffs. Shipping the electronic cigar with
`two batteries ensures that the smoker does not have to experience any "down time". The extract
`cartridges are also easily changed, and in our "longevity test" of one cartridge, provided
`significant aerosol for more than 600, 3sec puffs. The cigar can sit idle for days, even weeks,
`and instantly provides aerosol when puffed again. The draw characteristics are similar to a
`tobacco cigar of the same size.
`
`Continuing with comments on the electronic cigar, the first reaction (again anecdotal
`responses) of those who have tried it is that they are surprised at how much aerosol is generated
`during a puff. For those who have smoked an Eclipse cigarette or the Accord cigarette, the
`increased aerosol yield from the electronic cigar is instantly noticeable. If the "smoke" from the
`electronic cigar is inhaled, there is essentially no visible aerosol when the smoker exhales. When
`the smoker puffs on the electronic cigar and does not inhale, the smoker's exhaled breath does
`contain visible aerosol, however, the exhaled aerosol dissipates quickly (perhaps even faster than
`exhaled Eclipse smoke dissipates). There is essentially no odor when "smoking" the electronic
`cigar and both smokers and nonsmokers (who have puffed the e-cigar) have commented that the
`"taste" of the aerosol is reasonably acceptable. Some have even commented that they prefer the
`"taste" of the aerosol generated by the electronic cigar to that of Accord or Eclipse smoke. The
`aerosol from the e-cigar is judged to be at a similar temperature (slightly above ambient) as
`cigarette smoke, though no experimental temperature measurements have been made.
`
`Our dissection of the e-cigar revealed an intricate and well-engineered design. The
`complexity of the design and the small margin for error in assembling the cigar suggest to us that
`it is hand-assembled. Hand assembly probably accounts for the relatively high cost of the e-
`cigar, approximately $230.00 - $260.00 US, although the exact electronic components of the
`cigar are not known and could also contribute significantly to manufacturing costs. (The website
`mentioned in the introduction offers a similar product at -$130.00). The pictures contained in
`the body of this report will provide the reader with a better understanding of the design of the
`electronic cigar than any verbal description we can provide here. We will simply note that when
`the cigar is puffed, air travels through 4 small holes equally spaced around the perimeter of the
`plastic window in the front of the cigar, travels through channels between the battery holder and
`cigar body, through the "on-off reed switch" which activates the heaters and light, through and
`around the heater/wick assembly, around the extract cartridge and out through the mouthpiece.
`Slower, longer puffs seem to generate more aerosol than shorter puffs, perhaps allowing more
`time for the heaters to reach a higher temperature.
`
`Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nyvy0228
`
`Philip Morris Products, S.A.
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 015
`
`

`

`Laboratory Testing
`
`Aerosol yields from the electronic cigar were studied in the FTC smoking laboratory but
`were done on a very preliminary basis due to a limited supply of extract cartridges and having
`only one cigar available for testing. Since no accepted machine smoking regimen exists for the
`e-cigar, we began our testing using machine parameters associated with Eclipse "intense"
`smoking tests, i.e., one two second, 60mL puff taken every 30 seconds (60/30/2), for a total of 22
`puffs. These parameters were chosen thinking they would provide a suitable baseline for
`comparing the yields from the electronic cigar with yields from Eclipse cigarettes. Our initial
`tests indicated that compared to Eclipse, the e-cigar yielded noticeably less aerosol under these
`puffing conditions (see Figs 9 & 10).
`
`We then decided to lengthen the duration of the puff by one second (from 2 seconds to 3
`seconds) based in part on comments from smokers who puffed on the cigar and indicated that a
`longer, slower puff seem to yield more aerosol. These observations were confirmed in the
`laboratory when the e-cigar yielded significantly more aerosol when the longer puffs were used.
`In fact, aerosol yields approached the Eclipse cigarette yields under the same 60/30/3 smoking
`regimen (see Figs 11 & 12). And, as discussed previously, the e-cigar yielded essentially the
`same amount of aerosol (measured in 66-puff "blocks") for more than 600 puffs from one
`"Medium" cartridge (Figs 13 & 14).
`
`Finally, Fig 15 illustrates differences in the particulate matter collected from the e-cigar
`and Eclipse aerosols by showing a side-by-side comparison of two Cambridge filter pads
`following 44 puffs (60/30/3) on either the e-cigar or two Eclipse cigarettes. While the light
`brown color of the Eclipse pad would appear very pale in color compared to a pad exposed to 44
`puffs on tobacco burning cigarettes, the e-cigar pad did not show any discoloration at all. And
`while gas-phase components were not collected from these brief studies, it would be expected
`that the e-cigar would not generate significant amounts (if any) of combustion related gas phase
`compounds (e.g. carbon monoxide).
`
`To date, this report1, coupled with the previous analytical chemistry reports cited above,
`represents our working knowledge and laboratory data collected on the Ruyan electronic cigar.
`Any future testing of the electronic cigar will be determined based on the level of interest in
`gathering additional data.
`
`The reader should note the information contained in this report was accurate at the time the final draft
`was prepared for review and signatures. The e-cigar and e-cigarette aerosol generators appear to be
`evolving rapidly. For example, while this report principally focuses on the Ruyan e-cigar, the website
`offering a similar looking (aftermarket) device (see introduction) was updated to offer an electronic cigar,
`electronic cigarette and electronic pipe. However, replacement cartridges were no longer offered for sale
`at this website. Instead, the vendor now offers "E-Cig Liquid" that the smoker uses to replenish the
`aerosol generating material. The following is a quote copied from the current website that describes the
`"E-Cig Liquid":
`
`Our E-Cig smoking liquid has been purified from tobacco, according to the
`standard FDA GRAS, by biological technology, removing the harmful
`substances in the tobacco and keeping the harmless or useful substances,
`
`Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/nyvy0228
`
`Philip Morris Products, S.A.
`Exhibit 1023
`Page 016
`
`

`

`as well as adding different essence. It not only keeps the cigarette's or cigar's
`basic smoking function, but also removes the ha