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`METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING FRAME STRUCTURES
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`TITLE
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`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
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`[0001]
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`This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 60/929,798,
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`5
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`entitled "Frame Structure in Wireless Communication Systems," filed July 12, 2007, and
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`60/973,157, entitled "Bandwidth Scalable OFDMA Frame Structure," filed September 17, 2007.
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`These applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
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`BACKGROUND
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`[0002]
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`The present invention generally relates to orthogonal frequency-division multiple
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`10
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`access (OFDMA) systems, and more particularly, the present invention relates to methods for
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`constructing frame structures in OFDMA systems.
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`[0003]
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`Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) is a multiple access
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`scheme for transmitting data in different subcarriers in a channel, wherein the data may come
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`from different users and may be transmitted in disjoint subsets of sub-channels in a transmission
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`15
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`bandwidth. The orthogonality property among the subcarriers may allow simultaneous
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`transmission of data from different users without interference from one other. The multiple
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`access scheme of the OFDMA may generally be applied in various communication systems, such
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`as those defined in IEEE standard 802.16e ("legacy system" hereafter) and IEEE standard
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`802.16m ("new system" hereafter). The new system defined in the IEEE standard 802.16m may
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`20
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`be required to provide enhanced spectrum efficiency, higher speed tolerance and full backward
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`compatibility with the legacy system defined in the IEEE standard 802.16e.
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`[0004]
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`FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an OFDMA frame structure under the IEEE 802.16
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`standard. Referring to FIG. 1, the frame structure may include a downlink sub-frame (DL sub(cid:173)
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`frame) 16 and an uplink sub-frame (UL sub-frame) 18. The UL sub-frame 18 may follow the
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`25 DL sub-frame 16 in time domain with a transmit/receive transmission gap (TTG) 17 from the DL
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`sub-frame 16. Moreover, the frame structure may be separated from the next frame structure, led
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`by a preamble 10-2, by a receive/transmit transmission gap (RTG) 19.
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`[0005]
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`The DL sub-frame 16 may include a preamble 10-1, a frame control header (FCH) 11,
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`a downlink map (DL-MAP) 12, a downlink burst (DL burst#l) 13 and a data region (DATA) 14-
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`Attorney Ref. No. 681954.0890
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`1. The UL sub-frame 18 may include a ranging sub-channel 15 and a data region (DATA) 14-2.
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`Since the DL-MAP 12 may be used to identify the division or structure of the DATA 14-1 in the
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`DL sub-frame 16, it may be desirable to integrate the OFDMA frame structure of an old
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`OFDMA system with that of a new OFDMA system by using the DL-MAP 12 to define different
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`zones in the DATA 14-1 and DATA 14-2 of the frame structure for data of the old OFDMA
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`system and data of the new OFDMA system.
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`[0006]
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`FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a placement of guiding signals (or pilot symbols) 24-1
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`for time-domain and frequency-domain OFDMA signals under the IEEE 802.16 standard.
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`Referring to FIG. 2, upper and lower frequency bands may serve as guard bands 22-1 and 22-2,
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`respectively, which may not be used to carry information. The placement of information may
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`include a first part and a second part. For example, the first part of the placement includes a
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`preamble 10' -1 having a fixed length, and the second part of the placement includes data and
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`guard intervals between an upper row and a lower row of the data interlaced with the pilot
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`symbols 24-1, represented by blocks marked with "X". In some applications such placement of
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`information may be inflexible to bandwidth scaling due to the fixed-length preambles 10 '-1
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`and/or 10'-2 and the often unusable guard bands 22-1 and 22-2. Moreover, the placement may
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`be susceptible to a Doppler effect in a high mobility scenario because the placement may be
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`usually designed with a relatively large symbol period, which in tum may induce relatively short
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`carrier spacing and less dense pilot symbol placement. Moreover, the limitation on pilot symbol
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`placement may cause channel estimation error at a receiving end because of insufficient
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`information provided for channel estimation.
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`SUMMARY
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`[0007]
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`Examples of the present invention may provide a method for constructing a frame
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`structure for data transmission, the method comprising generating a first section comprising data
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`configured in a first format compatible with a first communication system, generating a second
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`section following the first section comprising data configured in a second format compatible
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`with a second communication system, wherein the second format is different from the first
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`format, generating at least one non-data section containing information describing an aspect of
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`data in at least one of the first section and the second section, and combining the first section, the
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`second section and the at least one non-data section to form the frame structure.
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`Attorney Ref. No. 681954.0890
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`[0008]
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`Examples of the present invention may provide a method of generating a frame for
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`transferring data in a communication system. The communication system may include a first
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`system and a second system. The method may include generating a first sub-frame for downlink
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`transmission, wherein the first sub-frame comprises a first region comprising first mapping
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`information, a second region comprising second mapping information, and a third region
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`carrying data to be transferred in the downlink transmission, the third region comprising a first
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`sub-region and a second sub-region, wherein the first sub-region and second sub-region are
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`defined by the first mapping information, the first sub-region being capable of carrying first data
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`of the first system and the second sub-region being capable of carrying second data of the second
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`system in the downlink transmission, and generating a second sub-frame for uplink transmission,
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`wherein the second sub-frame comprises a fourth region carrying data to be transferred in the
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`uplink transmission, the fourth region comprising a third sub-region and a fourth sub-region,
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`wherein the third sub-region and the fourth sub-region are defined by the second mapping
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`information, the third sub-region being capable of carrying third data of the first system and the
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`fourth sub-region being capable of carrying fourth data of the second system in the uplink
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`transmission.
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`[0009]
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`Examples of the present invention may also provide a method of generating a frame
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`for transferring data in a communication system. The communication system may include a first
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`system and a second system. The method may include generating a first frame comprising a first
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`sub-frame for downlink transmission and a second sub-frame for uplink transmission in a first
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`band, generating a second frame comprising a third sub-frame for downlink transmission and a
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`fourth sub-frame for uplink transmission in a second band, identifying a guard band between the
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`first band and the second band, and generating a third frame comprising a fifth sub-frame for
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`downlink transmission and a sixth sub-frame for uplink transmission in the guard band.
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`[0010]
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`Examples of the present invention may provide a method for allocating information in
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`a frame of a communication system. The communication system may include a first system and
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`a second system. The frame may be used for first data transmission of the first system and
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`second data transmission of the second system. The method may include allocating data of the
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`first system and the second system in first mapping information, dividing a data region of the
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`frame to form a first sub-region and a second sub-region according to the first mapping
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`information, performing the first data transmission of the first system by using the first sub-
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`region and performing the second data transmission of the second system by using the second
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`sub-region.
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`[0011]
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`Examples of the present invention may provide another method for allocating
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`information in a frame of a communication system. The frame may include a first frame, a
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`5
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`second frame and a band between the first frame and the second frame. The communication
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`system may include a first system and a second system. The frame may be used for first data
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`transmission of the first system and second data transmission of the second system. The method
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`may include allocating data of the first system and the second system in first mapping
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`information or second mapping information, dividing a data region of the first frame or the
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`10
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`second frame to form a first sub-region, a second sub-region, a third sub-region or a second sub(cid:173)
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`region in the data region of the first frame or the second frame according to the first mapping
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`information or the second mapping information, performing the first data transmission of the first
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`system by using the first sub-region or the third sub-region and performing the second data
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`transmission of the second system by using the second sub-region or the fourth sub-region.
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`[0012]
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`Additional features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in
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`the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be
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`learned by practice of the invention. The features and advantages of the invention will be
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`realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the
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`appended claims.
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`[0013]
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`It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following
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`detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention,
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`as claimed.
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`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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`[0014]
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`The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of the
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`invention, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For
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`the purpose of illustrating the invention, there are shown in the drawings examples which are
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`presently preferred. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the
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`precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.
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`[0015]
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`In the drawings:
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`[0016]
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`FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access
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`(OFDMA) frame structure under the IEEE 802.16 standard;
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`[0017]
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`FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a placement of guiding signals for OFDMA signals
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`under the IEEE 802.16 standard;
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`[0018]
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`FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an OFDMA frame structure according to an example
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`of the present invention;
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`[0019]
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`FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an OFDMA frame structure supporting high mobility
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`according to an example of the present invention;
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`[0020]
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`FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an OFDMA frame structure with a scalable bandwidth
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`according to an example of the present invention;
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`[0021]
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`FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating an OFDMA frame structure supporting high
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`mobility and having a scalable bandwidth according to an example of the present invention;
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`[0022]
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`FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating an OFDMA frame structure supporting high
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`mobility and having a scalable bandwidth according to another example of the present invention;
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`and
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`[0023]
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`FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary placement of signals and pilots in time-
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`domain and frequency-domain of an OFDMA system supporting high mobility and having a
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`scalable bandwidth.
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
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`[0024]
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`Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments of the invention,
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`examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same
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`reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.
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`[0025]
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`Exampls of the present invention may allow data of an old orthogonal frequency-
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`division multiple access (OFDMA) system (hereinafter a legacy system) and data of a new
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`OFDMA system to co-exist in an OFDMA frame by changing a frame structure of the OFDMA
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`frame. The new OFDMA system may have a larger bandwidth and support higher mobility, and
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`may use an updated transmission technology. In order to be backward compatible with the old
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`OFDMA system, the new OFDMA system may be developed based on the old OFDMA system.
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`Appl. No.: 12/168,855
`Arndt. dated April 23, 2012
`Reply to Office Action of November 23, 2011
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`Applicants' reply to the rejection of Claims 1, 11, 40, 46 and 48 regarding symbol periods
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`As noted above, Applicants have amended independent Claims 1, 11, 40, 46 and 48. In
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`particular, Claims 1, 11, 40, 46 and 48 have been amended to recite, "wherein the first
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`communication system and the second communication system co-exist in one transmission
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`scheme .... " Support for this amendment may be found at, for example, paragraph [0025] of
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`Applicants' published specification (i.e., U.S. Patent Application Publication
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`No. 2009/0016371).
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`The Examiner acknowledges that Ahmadi fails to show the symbol period of each
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`symbol. See Office Action, pages 3, 5, 8, 9 and 16. Douglas is cited to compensate for the
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`deficiency of Ahmadi.
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`Douglas generally relates to detecting the start of a packet (SOP) in receiver in a packet
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`based wireless network. Douglas's SOP indicators are determined differently for DSSS packets
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`(802.1 lb) and for OFDM packets (802.1 la,g) (Douglas, col. 11, lines 62-65). Specifically,
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`Douglas states that the method can be applied to the DSSS transmission scheme using 2-10
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`symbol periods in one embodiment and applied to the OFDM transmission scheme using 1-3
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`symbol periods in another embodiment (Douglas, col. 12, lines 42-46). (It is known that the
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`DSSS transmission scheme is used for the original IEEE802.11 and in 802.11 b. In contrast,
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`OFDM is a transmission scheme used for IEEE802.1 la, g.)
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`Therefore, Douglas fails to show or suggest the first communication system and the
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`second communication system co-existing in one transmission scheme ( e.g., OFDM or DSSS).
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`Applicants' amended Claim 1, on the other hand, recites a first communication system and a
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`second communication system co-existing in one transmission scheme. Amended Claims 11, 40,
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`46 and 48 have been amended to recite "generating a first sub-frame for downlink transmission
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`within one transmission scheme .... " In other words, Applicants' amended claims recite
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`different symbol periods co-existing in one data frame that uses the same transmission scheme.
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`For at least this reason, namely Ahmadi and/or the other documents ofrecord failing to
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`show or otherwise suggest each recitation of Applicants' independent Claims 1, 11, 40 and 46,
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`Applicants' amended Claims 1, 11, 40, 46 and 48 are not made obvious by Ahmadi, Douglas
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`and/or any other document of record. Applicants respectfully request that the rejections of
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`Claims 1, 11, 40 and 46 be withdrawn.
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`Appl. No.: 12/168,855
`Arndt. dated April 23, 2012
`Reply to Office Action of November 23, 2011
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`Applicants' reply to the rejection of Claims 6, 14, 43 and 48 regarding density of pilots
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`Claims 6 and 14 were rejected unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. ยง 103(a) over Ahmadi, in
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`view of Trachewsky'.
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`Claim 43 was rejected as being unpatentable over Ahmadi, in view ofTrachewsky.
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`Claim 48 was rejected as being unpatentable over Ahmadi, in view of Douglas and
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`Trachewsky.
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`As noted above, Applicants have amended independent Claims 6, 14, 43 and 48 to recite,
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`"wherein the first communication system and the second communication system co-exist in one
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`transmission scheme."
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`The Examiner acknowledges that Ahmadi fails to show the density of the pilots. See
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`Office Action, pages 10, 12, 14 and 17. Trachewsky is cited to fill the gap.
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`The cited portion ofTrachewsky, however, does not show the second communication
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`system has more pilot symbols than that in the first communication system. Rather, Trachewsky
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`shows that compared to the number of pilot symbols on sub-carriers -2, -1, + 1 and + 2 that are
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`used in conventional 802.11 g/802.12a device, four extra pilot symbols are placed on sub(cid:173)
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`carriers -2, -1, +land +2 in Trachewsky's invented device. As such, Trachewsky fails to show a
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`comparison between two communication systems within one transmission scheme in one device.
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`Hence, Ahmadi and/or Trachewsky fail to show or otherwise suggest "wherein the first
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`communication system and the second communication system co-exist in one transmission
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`scheme."
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`For at least this reason, namely Ahmadi and/or the other documents of record failing to
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`show or otherwise suggest each recitation of Applicants' independent Claims 6, 14, 43 and 48,
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`Applicants' amended Claims 6, 14, 43 and 48 are not made obvious by Ahmadi, Trachewsky
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`and/or any other document of record. Applicants respectfully request that the rejections of
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`Claims 6 and 14 be withdrawn.
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`Applicants' reply to the rejections of dependent Claims 2-4, 8-10, 12, 16-22, 41, 45 and 50
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`For at least the foregoing reasons, independent Claims 1, 6, 11, 14, 40, 43, 46 and 48 are
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`patentable over the various rejections. Since Claims 2-4, 8-10, 12, 16-22, 41,45 and 50 depend
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`IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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`PATENT
`
`Appl. No.:
`Applicant(s):
`Filed:
`Art Unit:
`Title:
`
`12/168,855
`Yan-Xiu Zheng
`July 7, 2008
`2473
`METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING FRAME STRUCTURES
`
`Jeffrey M Rutkowski
`Examiner:
`Confirmation No.: 8234
`
`054788/347709
`Docket No.:
`Commissioner for Patents
`P.O. Box 1450
`Alexandria, VA 22313-1450
`
`TELEPHONIC INTERVIEW SUMMARY
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`Applicants' undersigned attorney wishes to thank Examiner Rutkowski for the courtesies
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`extended during the telephonic interview conducted on April 27, 2012. During the interview,
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`Examiner Rutkowski and Applicants' undersigned attorney discussed amendments to the claims
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`that would place the claims in condition for allowance. In particular, the Examiner suggested
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`amending all the claims, except previously allowed Claims 23-39 and 51, to recite the first and
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`second systems' symbols co-exist in one transmission scheme (as opposed to the first and second
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`systems co-existing in one transmission scheme). Although Applicants' undersigned attorney
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`needed to obtain Applicants approval of such amendments, such approval has since been
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`obtained and Applicants agree to make such amendments to the claims by way of an Examiner's
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`amendment. Applicants welcome Examiner Rutkowski to contact Applicants' attorney should
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`any other concerns or issues arise prior to the issuance of a patent in this patent application.
`
`Adam M. Kaplan
`Registration No. 59,109
`
`Customer No. 00826
`ALSTON & BIRD LLP
`Bank of America Plaza
`101 South Tryon Street, Suite 4000
`Charlotte, NC 28280-4000
`Tel Charlotte Office (704) 444-1000
`Fax Charlotte Office (704) 444-1111
`ELECTRONICALLY FILED USING THE EFS-WEB ELECTRONIC FILING SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES PATENT &
`TRADEMARK OFFICE ON April 30, 2012.
`LEGAL02/33275374Vl
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