Hawley’s
`
`Condensed Chemical
`
`
`
`
`
`JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
`NewYork 0 Chichester - Weinheim 0 Brisbane 0 Singapore - Toronto
`
`Dictionary
`
`THIRTEENTH EDITION
`
`Revised by
`
`Richard J. Lewis, Sr.
`
`RIMFROST EXHIBIT 1028
`
`page 0001
`
`RIMFROST EXHIBIT 1028 page 0001
`
`

`

`‘fleemmgmmmwwems
`
`This text is printed on acid-free paper.
`
`Copyright © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Condensed chemical dictionary.
`Hawley‘s condensed chemical dictionary—13th edrlrevised by
`Richard J. Lewis. Sr.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-471-29205-2 (hardcover)
`l. Chemistry-Dictionaries
`I, Hawley,Gessner Goodrich. 1905—1983.
`11. Lewis. Richard 1.. Sr.
`111. Title.
`QD5.C5
`1997
`540'.3-—dc21
`
`97~35762
`CIP
`
`
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
`transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
`recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108
`of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written
`permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate
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`MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4744. Requests to the Publisher
`for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department,
`John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012,
`(212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-mail: PERMREQ@WILEY.COM.
`
`Printed in the United States of America
`
`10987654
`
`RIMFROST EXHIBIT 1028
`
`page 0002
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`RIMFROST EXHIBIT 1028 page 0002
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`

`

`339
`
`DENATURATION
`
`water, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid,
`carbon disulfide, benzene, gasoline, or turpentine;
`very little affected by ether, chloroform, alkalies,
`but readily dissolved by ethanol.
`
`“Delac” [Uniroyal]. TM for a series of delayed—
`action rubber accelerators.
`
`deliquescent. Tending to absorb atmospheric wa—
`ter vapor and become liquid. The term refers spe—
`cifically to water-soluble chemical salts in the form
`of powders that dissolve1n the water absorbed from
`the air. Such salts should be kept closely stoppered
`or otherwise enclosed.
`Seehygroscopic.
`
`“Delrin” [Du- Pant]. TM for a type of acetal
`resin. White and colors available. Also supplied as
`pipe and fittings. Thermoplastic.
`.
`Use: Injection~moldedand extruded parts, door han-
`dles, bushings, other , mechanical
`items; under-
`- ground pipe; automotive-parts.
`
`“Delsan” [DuPont]. TM for fungicide—insecti-
`cide seed treatment containing 60% thiram and
`15% dieldrin
`.
`Hazard: Toxic by ingestion and inhalation.
`
`delta acid.
`
`, See Casella’s acid F.
`
`, A substance used to produce dull sur-
`delustrant.
`faces on a textile fabric. Chiefly used are barium
`sulfate, clays, chalk, etc. They are applied in the
`finishing coat.
`
`Synthesis of 1,5~diketones by
`De Mayo reaction.
`photoaddition of enol derivatives of 1,3—diketones
`to ‘olefins, followed by a retro-aldol reaction.
`“Demerol” Hydrochloride [Sterling Drug].
`TM for meperidine hydrochloride
`,
`
`,
`(Systox).
`demeton.
`CAS: 8065-48—3. C8H1903PS2. A mixture of 0,0-
`diethyl-O-Z—(ethylthio)ethyl
`phosphorothioate
`‘(demeton—O) and 0,0-diethyl-S-2—(ethylthio)ethyl
`phosphorothioa’te (demeton-S).
`'
`Properties: (Mixture) Pale-yellow liquid Bp 134C
`(2 mm Hg), (1 1.118. Slightly soluble'1n water; sol—
`uble1n most organic solvents.
`
`primary
`of
`Preparation
`reaction.
`Delepine
`amines by reaction of alkyl halides with hexameth-
`ylenetetramine followed by acid hydrolysis of the
`formed quaternary salts.
`delhi hard. A ferrous alloy (d 7.75, mp 500C)
`containing, inadditiOn to iron, 16.5~18% chro-
`mium, 1.1% carbon, 0.75—1% silicon, OBS—0.5%
`manganese. Itis resistant to cold ammonium hy-
`droxide in all concentrations and to mine and sea-
`waters and moist sulfurous atmospheres.
`
`
`
`Hazard: Toxic by skin absorption, cholinesterase1n—
`hibitor. Use may be restricted. TLV: 0.01 ppm.
`Use: Systemic insecticide (absorbed by plant, which
`then becomes toxic to sucking and chewing in—
`sects).
`
`(0,0«dimethy1-S,2-(ethy1—
`methyl.
`demeton
`thio)ethyl phosphorothiolate).
`CAS: 8022-00-2.
`Use: Systemic insecticide.
`
`demineralization. Removal from water of min-
`eral contaminants, usually present in ionized form.
`The methods used include ion‘exchange tech«
`niques, flash distillation, or electrodialysis. Acid
`mine wastes may be purified in this way, thus, al-
`leviating the pollution problem.
`See desalination; deionizing.
`
`Demjanov rearrangement. Deamination of
`primary amines by diazotization to give rearranged
`alcohols.
`
`(approxi—
`Democritus. A Greek philosopher
`mately 465 BC). The first thinker of record to con—
`ceive of matter as existing in the form of small in—
`divisible particles, which he called atoms. However,
`this concept was overshadowed by Aristotle’s the-
`ories, and it was not until some 2000 years later
`that it was developed by John Dalton in England-—
`an astonishing length of dormancy for one of the
`most creative ideas in the history of science.
`See Dalton, John.
`
`demulsification. The process of destroying or
`“breaking” an unwanted emulsion, especially
`water-in—oil types occurring in crude petroleum.
`Both chemical and physical means are used. Chem-
`ical means include addition of polyvalent ions to
`neutralize electrical charges or of a strong acid;
`physical means include heating, centrifuging, or
`use of high-potential alternating current.
`See emulsion; nonylphenol.
`
`demurrage. A feeimposed on shippers of chem~
`icals and other products by the railroads for retain—
`ing freight cars at loading docks for more than a
`, given period of time (usually 24 hr).
`
`“DEN” [Dew]. TM for a series of epoxy novo-
`lacs for multifunctional resins for all uses where
`maximum chemical or heat resistance is required.
`
`denatonium, benzoate. USAN for benzyldi-
`ethyl-[(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium
`benzoate (Bitrex), a bitter—tasting compound ap—
`proved as a denaturant for alcohol, mp 165C, sol-
`uble in water and alcohol, insoluble in ether.
`
`denaturant.
`
`See alcohol, denatured.
`
`denaturation.‘ A change in the molecular struc—
`ture of globular proteins that may be induced by
`
`RIMFROST EXHIBIT 1028
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`page 0003
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`RIMFROST EXHIBIT 1028 page 0003
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`

`

`DENATURED ALCOHOL
`
`340
`
`bringing a protein solution to its boiling point or by
`exposing it to acids or alkalies, or to various deter—
`gents. Denaturation reduces the solubility of pro-
`teins and prevents crystallization. It involves rup—
`ture of hydrogen bonds so that the highly ordered
`structure of the native protein is replaced by a looser
`and more random structure. It is usually irreversible
`but in some cases is reversible, depending on the
`protein and the treatment involved.
`See degradation.
`
`denatured alcohol.
`
`See alcohol, denatured.
`
`denier. A unit used in the textile industry to in—
`dicate the fineness of a filament. If 9000 m of a
`filament weighs 1 g, the filament is 1 denier; if
`10,000 m weighs 1 g, the filament is l grex. Sheer
`women’s hosiery usually runs from 15 to 10 denier.
`
`“Denox” [Cams]. TM for “300 Highlighter”
`series, a group of products.
`'
`Use: Treating denim with stone washing and other
`finishes.
`
`density. Mass per unit volume expressed in grams
`per cubic centimeter for solids and liquids, and usu-
`ally as grams per liter for gases. Densities of some
`common substances follow:
`
`g/cc
`2.06
`3.7
`0.967
`1.27
`1.0
`
`sulfur
`aluminum
`sodium
`glycerol
`water*
`chlorine
`carbon dioxide
`air* *
`oxygen
`hydrogen
`
`g/L
`
`3.214
`1.977
`1.293
`1.429
`0.0899
`
`*Basis of Comparison for solids and liquids.
`**Basis of comparison for gases.
`For discussion of density vs. specific gravity, see
`specific gravity. Apparent density is the mass of a
`unit volume of powder, usually expressed in grams
`per cubic centimeter, determined by a specified
`method (MPA definition, MPA Standard 9—50T).
`Bulk density is an alternative term for apparent den-
`sity.
`See current density.
`
`“Deo-Base” [Witco]. TM for light petroleum
`distillate, superfine grade of kerosene without its
`objectionable odor.
`
`deodorant. A substance used to remove or mask
`an unpleasant odor. It may or may not have a dis»
`tinctive odor of its own, Deodorants act ( 1) by ad—
`sorption (activated carbon, charcoal, chlorophyl-
`lin), (2) by replacement (pine oil or other perfume),
`
`(3) by neutralization (aluminum chlorohydrate),
`
`and (4) by oxidation or hydrogenation, e.g., of fish
`oils. The cosmetic industry supplies a wide variety
`of deodorants and antiperspirants, chiefly based on
`neutralization. .Mouthwashes and breath “sweet—
`eners” often contain calcium iodate, thymol, pep-
`permint, or a similar substance to mask or replace
`odors.
`See odor; cosmetic.
`
`deoxidizer. An agent that removes oxygen from a
`compound or from a molten metal.
`_
`
`_
`
`Preferred prefix indicating replacement of
`deoxy-.
`hydroxyl by hydrogen in the parent compound. The
`meaning is the same as that of desoxy, and the two
`prefixes are used interchangeably.
`
`(4'—methoxy-2-(p-methoxy-'
`deoxyanisoin.
`phenyl)acetophenone).
`CH3OC6H4COCH2C6H40CH3.
`Properties: Off—white to buff, crystalline powder;
`sweet, faint, cinnamon-like odor. Mp 110—112C.
`Use: Intermediate.
`
`(a—phenylacetophenone,
`deoxybenzoin.
`phenyl ketone). CéHsCHZCOCGHS.
`Properties: Colorless crystals. Mp 53~60C. Slightly
`soluble in hot water; soluble in alcohols and ke—
`tones.
`Use: Intermediate.
`
`ben'zyl
`
`'
`(desocycholic acid).
`deoxycholic acid.
`CAS: 83-44-3. C2,,H4OO4. A bile acid, contains one
`less hydroxyl group than cholic acid.
`Properties: Crystals. Mp 172—173C. Not precipi-
`tated by digitonin. Practically insoluble in water
`and benzene; slightly soluble in chloroform and
`ether; soluble in acetone and solutions of alkali hy—
`droxides and carbonates; freely soluble in alcohol.
`Also available as sodium salt. Forms coordination
`compounds with fatty acids.
`Derivation: Isolation from bile, organic synthesis.
`Grade: Technical, FCC (as desoxycholic acid).
`Use: Medicine, precursor for organic synthesis of
`cortisone, emulsifying agent in foods (up to 0.1%).
`
`(4-pregnen-2l-ol-3,20-di—
`deoxycorticosterone.
`one; 1 l-deoxycorticosteroid).
`CAS: 64—85—7. C21H3003. An adrenal, cortical ste-
`roid hormone. Active in causing the retention of salt
`and water by the kidney.
`,_
`Properties: Crystalline plates. Mp
`Freely soluble inalcohol and acetone.
`Derivation: From adrenal cortex extract, synthesis
`from other steroids.
`
`l4l—142C.
`
`Use: Medicine (usually as acetate).
`
`deoxyribonuclease. One of a group of enzymes
`that cause the splitting of deoxyribonucleic acids.
`Pancreatic deoxyribonuclease,
`the most widely
`studied, cleaves the acid at the 3’-phosphate bond.
`Other deoxyribonucleases cleave the 5’—phosphate
`bond.
`
`deoxyriboj
`sugar—13mg
`tains the
`in the eel;
`genes, w
`the cell 11%
`intricate E
`
`'
`
`'
`
`,,..
`
`guanine,
`of two ch
`ribose un
`nous base
`are joined
`nine alwa
`
`guanine.
`joined cha
`for replic
`separated,
`_ The seque
`the individ
`the geneti
`ribonuclei
`ing DNA
`
`D-deoxyrib
`five carbon”
`
`RIMFROST EXHIBIT 1028 page 0004
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`FROST EXHIBIT 1028
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`page 0004
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