Hawley’s
`
`Condensed Chemical
`
`Dictionary
`
`
`
`page 0001
`
`JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
`New York * Chichester * Weinheim ¢ Brisbane * Singapore * Toronto
`
`THIRTEENTH EDITION
`
`Revised by
`
`Richard J. Lewis, Sr.
`
`RIMFROST EXHIBIT 1028
`
`RIMFROST EXHIBIT 1028 page 0001
`
`

`

`SSSSUISUN
`
`This text is printed on acid-free paper.
`
`Copyright © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Condensed chemical dictionary.
`Hawley’s condensed chemical dictionary.— 13th ed./revised by
`Richard J. Lewis, Sr.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-471-29205-2 (hardcover)
`1. Chemistry-Dictionaries.
`1 Hawley, Gessner Goodrich, 1905-1983.
`H. Lewis, Richard J., Sr. UL Title.
`QD5.C5
`1997
`540'.3—dce21
`
`97-35762
`CIP
`
`page 0002
`
`Nopart ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
`transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
`recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108
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`MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4744. Requests to the Publisher
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`John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012,
`(212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-mail: PERMREQ@WILEY.COM.
`
`Printed in the United States of America
`
`100987654
`
`RIMFROST EXHIBIT 1028
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`RIMFROST EXHIBIT 1028 page 0002
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`

`

`339
`
`DENATURATION
`
`Hazard: Toxic by skin absorption; cholinesterase in-
`hibitor. Use may berestricted. TLV: 0.01 ppm.
`Use: Systemic insecticide (absorbed by plant, which
`then becomes toxic to sucking and chewing in-
`sects).
`
`primary
`of
`Preparation
`reaction.
`Delepine
`aminesby reaction of alkyl halides with hexameth-
`ylenetetramine followed by acid hydrolysis of the
`formed quaternary salts.
`delhi hard. Aferrous alloy a 7.75, mp 500C)
`
`invaddition to iron,-16.5-18% chro-
`containing,
`mium, 1.1%: carbon, 0.75-1% silicon, 0.35-0.5%
`manganese. It is resistant to cold ammonium hy-
`droxide in all concentrations and to mine and sea-
`waters and moist sulfurous atmospheres.
`
`water, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid,
`carbon disulfide, benzene, gasoline, or turpentine;
`very little affected by ether, chloroform, alkalies,
`but readily dissolved by ethanol.
`“Delac” [Uniroyal]. TM fora series‘ofof delayed-
`action rubberaccelerators.
`demeton methyl.|(0,0-dimethyl-S,2-(ethyl-
`
`thio)ethyl phosphorothiolate).
`CAS: 8022-00-2.
`Use: Systemic insecticide.
`
`page 0003
`
`.Tending to absorb atmospheric wa-
`deliquescent.
`ter vapor and becomeliquid. The term refers spe-
`cifically to water-soluble chemical salts in the form
`of powdersthat dissolvein the water absorbed from
`the air. Such salts should be kept closely stoppered
`or. otherwise enclosed,
`»
`See. hygroscopic.
`
`“Delrin” [Du Pont]. TM for a type of acetal
`resin. White and colors available. Also supplied as
`pipe and fittings. Thermoplastic.
`.:.
`Use: Injection-molded:and extruded parts, door han-
`dies, bushings, other.mechanical
`items; under-
`- ground pipe; atitomotive parts.
`
`.TM for fungicide-insecti-
`“Delsan”’ [Du Pont]..
`cide seed treatment containing 60% thiram. and
`15%. dieldrin.
`Hazard: Toxic by ingestion and inhalation.
`delta acid. See Casella’s acid FE.
`
`. A substance used to produce dull sur-
`delustrant.
`faces on a textile fabric. Chiefly used are barium
`sulfate, clays, chalk, etc. They are applied in the
`finishing coat.
`
`Synthesis of 1,5-diketones by
`De Mayoreaction:
`photoaddition. of enol derivatives of 1;3-diketones
`to olefins, followed by a retro-aldol reaction.
`“Demerol” Hydrochloride [SterlingDrug].
`TM for meperidine hydrochloride:
`demeton.
`(Systox).
`:
`CAS: 8065-48-3. C,H,,O,PS,. A mixture of O,0-
`diethyl-O-2-(ethylthio)ethyl
`phosphorothioate
`‘(demeton-O) ‘and. O,O-diethyl-S-2-(ethylthio)ethyl
`phosphorothioate (demeton-S).
`:
`Properties: (Mixture) Pale-yellow liquid. Bp 134C
`(2 mm. Hg);4'1.118. Slightly soluble in water; sol-
`uble in most organic solvents.
`
`demineralization. Removal from water of min-
`eral contaminants, usually present in ionized form.
`The methods used include ion-exchange tech-
`niques, flash distillation, or electrodialysis. Acid
`mine wastes may be purified in this way, thusal-
`leviating the pollution problem.
`See desalination; deionizing.
`
`Demjanov rearrangement. Deamination of
`primary amines by diazotization to give rearranged
`alcohols.
`
`(approxi-
`Democritus. A Greek philosopher
`mately 465 Bc). The first thinker of record to con-
`ceive of matter as existing in the form of small in-
`divisibleparticles, which he called atoms. However,
`this concept was overshadowed by Aristotle’s the-
`ories, and it was not until some 2000 years later
`that it was developed by John Dalton in England—
`an astonishing length of dormancy for one of the
`most creative ideas in the history of science.
`See Dalton, John.
`
`demulsification. The process of destroying or
`“breaking” an unwanted emulsion, especially
`water-in-oil types occurring in crude petroleum.
`Both chemical and physical means are used. Chem-
`ical means include addition of polyvalent ions to
`neutralize electrical charges or of a strong acid;
`physical means include heating, centrifuging, or
`use of high-potential alternating current.
`See emulsion; nonylphenol.
`
`demurrage. A fee.imposed on shippers of chem-
`icals and.other products by the railroads for retain-
`ing freight cars at loading docks for more than a
`. given period of time (usually 24 hr).
`“DEN” [Dow]. TM for a series of epoxy novo-
`lacs for multifunctional resins. for all uses where
`maximum chemical or heat resistance is required.
`
`denatonium, benzoate. USAN for benzyldi-
`ethyl-[(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyllammonium
`benzoate (Bitrex), a bitter-tasting compound ap-
`proved as a denaturant for alcohol, mp 165C,sol-
`uble in water and alcohol, insoluble in ether.
`
`denaturant.
`See alcohol, denatured.
`denaturation. A change in the molecular struc-
`ture of globular proteins that may be induced by
`
`RIMFROST EXHIBIT 1028
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`RIMFROST EXHIBIT 1028 page 0003
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`

`

`page 0004
`
`g/L
`gice
`sulfur
`2.06
`deoxycholic acid.©(desocycholic acid). -
`
`aluminum
`3.7
`CAS: 83-44-3. C,H,O,. A bile acid, contains one
`sodium
`0.967
`less hydroxyl group than cholic acid.
`glycerol
`1.27
`Properties: Crystals. Mp 172=173C. Not precipi-
`water*
`1.0
`tated by digitonin. Practically insoluble in water
`3.214
`chlorine
`and benzene; slightly soluble in chloroform and
`1.977
`carbon dioxide
`ether; soluble in acetone and solutionsofalkali hy-
`1.293
`air**
`droxides and carbonates; freely soluble in alcohol.
`1.429
`oxygen
`Also available as sodium: salt. Forms coordination
`0.0899
`hydrogen
`compounds with fatty acids.
`engiofcomparisonfore liquids.
`Grade: Technical, FCC (as desoxycholic acid).
`1
`:
`.
`nfs
`#Racte
`Derivation: Isolation from bile, organic. synthesis.
`For discussion of density vs. specific gravity, see
`Use: Medicine, precursor for organic synthesis of
`specific gravity. Apparent density is the mass of a
`cortisone,emulsifying agent in foods (up to 0.1%).
`unit volume of powder, usually expressed in grams
`deoxycorticosterone.
`(4-pregnen-21-ol-3,20-di-
`per cubic centimeter, determined by a specified
`one; 1 1-deoxycorticosteroid).
`method (MPA definition, MPA Standard 9.-50T).
`CAS: 64-85-7. C,,H,,O;. An adrenal: cortical ste-
`Bulk density is an alternative term for apparent den-
`roid hormone. Active.in causing the retention ofsalt
`sity.
`and water by the kidney.
`.
`See current density.
`Properties: Crystalline plates. Mp 141-142c.
`Freely soluble in alcohol and acetone.
`Derivation: From adrenal cortex extract, synthesis
`from othersteroids.
`Use: Medicine (usually as acetate).
`deodorant. A substance used to remove or mask deoxyribonuclease._One of a group of enzymes
`
`an unpleasant odor. It may or may not have a dis-
`that cause the splitting of deoxyribonucleic acids.
`:
`tinctive odorof its own. Deodorants act (1) by ad-
`Pancreatic deoxyribonuclease,
`the most widely
`code; repli
`sorption (activated carbon, charcoal, chlorophyl-
`studied, cleaves the acid at the 3’-phosphate bond.
`.
`lin), (2) by replacement(pineoil or other perfume),
`Other deoxyribonucleases cleave the 5’-phosphate
`p-deoxyribe
`(3) by neutralization (aluminum chlorohydrate),
`bond,
`-
`five carbons
`
`“Denox” [Carus]. TM for “300 Highlighter”
`series, a group of products.
`Use: Treating denim with stone washing and other
`finishes.
`
`density. Massper unit volume expressed in grams
`per cubic centimeterfor solids and liquids, and usu-
`ally as gramsperliter for gases. Densities of some
`common substances follow:
`
`/
`
`“Deo-Base” [Witco]. TM for light petroleum
`distillate, superfine grade of kerosene withoutits
`objectionable odor.
`
`DENATURED ALCOHOL
`
`340
`
`bringing a protein solutiontoits boiling point or by
`and (4) by oxidation or hydrogenation, e.g., of fish
`exposing it to acids oralkalies, or to various deter-
`oils. The cosmetic industry supplies a wide variety
`gents. Denaturation reduces the solubility of pro-
`of deodorants and antiperspirants, chiefly based on
`teins and prevents crystallization. It involves rup-
`neutralization., Mouthwashes and breath “sweet-
`ture of hydrogen bonds sothat the highly ordered
`eners” often contain calcium iodate, thymol, pep-
`structure ofthe native protein is replaced by a looser
`permint, or a similar substance to.mask or replace
`and more random structure.It is usually irreversible
`odors.
`chemists ¢
`See odor; cosmetic.
`but in some casesis reversible, depending on the
`offrom 3¢
`oF
`_
`protein and the treatment involved.
`ranged ini
`deoxidizer. An agent that removes oxygen from a
`See degradation.
`acid, 2-d
`compound or from a molten metal.
`|
`
`denatured alcohol.—See alcohol, denatured. enine,
`deoxy-.
`Preferred prefix indicating replacement of
`Ms the innsofa MantIf09 Meaning the same ato eso) ade Or
`:
`:
`.
`os
`.
`hydroxyl by hydrogenin the parent compound, The
`filament weighs 1 g, the filament is 1 denier; if
`prefixes are used interchangeably.
`10,000 m weighs1 g, the filament is 1 grex. Sheer
`deoxyanisoin.
`(4’-methoxy-2-(p-methoxy- |
`women’s hosiery usually runs from 15 to 10 denier.
`phenyl)acetophenone).
`CH,OC,H,COCH,C,H,OCH,,.
`Properties: Off-white to buff, crystalline powder;
`sweet, faint, cinnamon-like odor. Mp 110—112C.
`Use: Intermediate.
`
`sugar-proj
`tains the ¢
`in the ce
`genes, w
`the cell n
`intricate
`
`—
`
`occnaSecoethNU
`
`benzyl
`(a-phenylacetophenone,
`deoxybenzoin.
`phenyl ketone). C,H;CH,COC,H,.
`Properties: Colorless crystals. Mp 53-60C.Slightly
`soluble in hot water; soluble in alcotiols and ke-
`tones.
`Use: Intermediate.
`
`guanine,
`
`are joined
`nine alwa
`guanine.
`
`RIMFROST EXHIBIT 1028 page 0004
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`FROST EXHIBIT 1028
`
`