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`
`US009820171B2
`
`( 12 ) United States Patent
`Lemson et al .
`
`( 10 ) Patent No . :
`( 45 ) Date of Patent :
`
`US 9 , 820 , 171 B2
`* Nov . 14 , 2017
`
`( 54 ) REMOTELY RECONFIGURABLE
`DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM AND
`METHODS
`( 71 ) Applicant : Dali Wireless , Inc . , Menlo Park , CA
`( US )
`( 72 ) Inventors : Paul Lemson , Woodinville , WA ( US ) ;
`Shawn Patrick Stapleton , Burnaby
`( CA ) ; Sasa Trajkovic , Burnaby ( CA ) ;
`Albert S . Lee , San Mateo , CA ( US )
`( 73 ) Assignee : Dali Wireless , Inc . , Menlo Park , CA
`( US )
`Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U . S . C . 154 ( b ) by 0 days .
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis
`claimer .
`( 21 ) Appl . No . : 15 / 205 , 820
`( 22 ) Filed :
`Jul . 8 , 2016
`( 65 )
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2017 / 0070897 A1 Mar . 9 , 2017
`
`( * ) Notice :
`
`Related U . S . Application Data
`( 60 ) Division of application No . 14 / 169 , 719 , filed on Jan .
`31 , 2014 , now Pat . No . 9 , 419 , 714 , which is a
`( Continued )
`
`( 51 )
`
`( 52 )
`
`Int . Ci .
`H04W 72 / 00
`H04W 24 / 02
`
`( 2009 . 01 )
`( 2009 . 01 )
`( Continued )
`U . S . CI .
`CPC . . . . . . . . . . H04W 24 / 02 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; HO3F 1 / 3247
`( 2013 . 01 ) ; H03F 3 / 24 ( 2013 . 01 ) ;
`( Continued )
`
`os
`
`( 58 )
`
`( 56 )
`
`Field of Classification Search
`CPC . . . . . HO4B 7 / 0617 ; HO4B 7 / 0408 ; H04W 6 / 28 ;
`H04W 6 / 24 ; H01Q 1 / 2461
`( Continued )
`References Cited
`U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS
`10 / 1988 Page
`4 , 775 , 795 A
`4 , 999 , 831 A
`3 / 1991 Grace
`( Continued )
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`101453699 A
`6 / 2009
`101453799 A
`6 / 2009
`( Continued )
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and
`the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority , or the
`Declaration and International Search Report and Written Opinion of
`the International Searching Authority for International Application
`No . PCT / US2011 / 048004 mailed on Jan . 5 , 2012 , 6 pages .
`( Continued )
`Primary Examiner — Dominic Rego
`( 74 ) Attorney , Agent , or Firm — Kilpatrick Townsend &
`Stockton LLP
`( 57 )
`ABSTRACT
`The present disclosure is a novel utility of a software defined
`radio ( SDR ) based Distributed Antenna System ( DAS ) that
`is field reconfigurable and support multi - modulation
`schemes ( modulation - independent ) , multi - carriers , multi
`frequency bands and multi - channels . The present disclosure
`enables a high degree of flexibility to manage , control ,
`enhance , facilitate the usage and performance of a distrib
`uted wireless network such as flexible simulcast , automatic
`traffic load balancing , network and radio resource optimi
`zation , network calibration , autonomous / assisted commis
`sioning , carrier pooling , automatic frequency selection , fre
`( Continued )
`
`12358
`
`100
`
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`
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`-
`
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`
`101
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`
`

`

`L
`
`US 9 , 820 , 171 B2
`Page 2
`
`quency carrier placement , traffic monitoring , traffic tagging ,
`pilot beacon , etc .
`20 Claims , 7 Drawing Sheets
`
`( 51 )
`
`( 52 )
`
`( 58 )
`
`( 56 )
`
`Related U . S . Application Data
`continuation of application No . 13 / 211 , 243 , filed on
`Aug . 16 , 2011 , now Pat . No . 8 , 682 , 338 .
`( 60 ) Provisional application No . 61 / 382 , 836 , filed on Sep .
`14 , 2010 .
`Int . Cl .
`HO3F 1 / 32
`( 2006 . 01 )
`HO3F 3 / 24
`( 2006 . 01 )
`( 2006 . 01 )
`H04L 5 / 00
`H04L 25 / 02
`( 2006 . 01 )
`H04B 10 / 2575
`( 2013 . 01 )
`H04W 88 / 08
`( 2009 . 01 )
`( 2006 . 01 )
`H040 11 / 00
`H04W 72 / 04
`( 2009 . 01 )
`U . S . CI .
`CPC . . . H04B 10 / 2575 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04B 10 / 25753
`( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04L 5 / 0032 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04L
`5 / 0048 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04L 25 / 02 ( 2013 . 01 ) ;
`H040 11 / 0067 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04W 72 / 0453
`( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04W 72 / 0486 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04W
`88 / 085 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; HO3F 2200 / 204 ( 2013 . 01 ) ;
`HO3F 2201 / 3224 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; HO3F 2201 / 3233
`( 2013 . 01 ) ; H040 2011 / 0081 ( 2013 . 01 )
`Field of Classification Search
`USPC . . . . . . 455 / 562 . 1 , 450 - 454 , 464 , 509 ; 370 / 328 ,
`370 / 310 . 2 , 338
`See application file for complete search history .
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`

`

`US 9 , 820 , 171 B2
`Page 3
`
`( 56 )
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`

`

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`
`

`

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`Nov . 14 , 2017
`
`Nov . 14 , 2017
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`Nov . 14 , 2017
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`2 : Flexible Simulcast Uplink Example
`
`202
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`atent
`
`Nov . 14 , 2017
`
`Sheet 3 of 7
`
`US 9 , 820 , 171 B2
`
`OK
`
`
`
`Pilot Beacon
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`RRU
`
`RRU
`
`
`
`Pilot Beacon
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`Pilot Beacon
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`RRU
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`
`Figure 3 Pilot Beacon Indoor Localization System for CDMA and WCOMA
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U . S . Patent
`
`atent
`
`Nov . 14 , 2017
`
`Sheet 4 of 7
`
`US 9 , 820 , 171 B2
`
`en Mobile OK
`
`VR RRU
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`RRU
`
`
`
`
`
`indoor Localization System of GSM and LTE
`
`RRU
`
`Figure 4
`
`A
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`BTS
`
`

`

`atent
`
`Nov . 14 , 2017
`
`Sheet 5 of 7
`
`US 9 , 820 , 171 B2
`
`User location Register
`
`Public Switching Telephone Network
`Mobile Switching Center
`
`Base Station Controller
`Base Transceiver Station
`Digital Access Unit
`
`Equipment Location Register
`
`Network Operations Center
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`DES ES
`
`
`
`
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`Indoor or Outdoor Localization System
`
`Figure 5
`
`RRU
`
`RRU
`
`Mobile Station
`
`

`

`atent
`
`Nov . 14 , 2017
`
`Sheet 6 of 7
`
`US 9 , 820 , 171 B2
`
`Mobile Switching Network
`Station Controller
`Base
`Base Transceiver Station
`
`
`
`Network Operations Center
`
`Local Connectivity routed to Internet
`Access Unit ou un
`Digital
`
`VOIP
`
`
`
`Local Connectivity
`
`Figure 6
`
`RRU
`
`RRU
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`
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`
`Mobile Station 2
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`
`

`

`atent
`
`Nov . 14 , 2017
`
`Sheet 7 of 7
`
`US 9 , 820 , 171 B2
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`
`
`
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`Down Converter RRU Digital
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`RRU
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`Digital Up Converter
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`
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`
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`RRU Pilot Beacon
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`Beacon Control Module
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`RRU Pilot
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`
`RRU Management Control
`Module
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`RRU Embedded Software Control Module
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`Figure 7 : Embedded Software Control Modules
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`
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`DAU Embedded Software Control Module
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`
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`
`
`

`

`US 9 , 820 , 171 B2
`
`15
`
`REMOTELY RECONFIGURABLE
`DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM AND
`METHODS
`
`A second candidate approach involves deployment of a
`DAS along with a centralized group of base stations dedi
`cated to the DAS . A conventional DAS deployment falls into
`one of two categories . The first type of DAS is “ fixed ” ,
`5 where the system configuration doesn ' t change based on
`CROSS - REFERENCES TO RELATED
`time of day or other information about usage . The remote
`APPLICATIONS
`units associated with the DAS are set up during the design
`process so that a particular block of base station radio
`This application is a divisional of U . S . patent application
`resources is thought to be enough to serve each small group
`Ser . No . 14 / 169 , 719 , filed on Jan . 31 , 2014 ; which is a
`10 of DAS remote units . A notable disadvantage of this
`continuation application of U . S . patent application Ser . No .
`approach is that most enterprises seem to undergo frequent
`13 / 211 , 243 , filed on Aug . 16 , 2011 ; which claims the benefit
`re - arrangements and re - organizations of various groups
`of U . S . Patent Application No . 61 / 382 , 836 , filed on Sep . 14 ,
`within the enterprise . Therefore , it ' s highly likely that the
`2010 , the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by
`initial setup will need to be changed from time to time ,
`reference for all purposes .
`requiring deployment of additional staff and contract
`resources with appropriate levels of expertise regarding
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`wireless networks .
`The second type of DAS is equipped with a type of
`The present invention generally relates to wireless com network switch which allows the location and quantity of
`munication systems employing Distributed Antenna Sys - 20 DAS remote units associated with any particular centralized
`tems ( DAS ) as part of a distributed wireless network . More
`base station to be changed manually . Although this approach
`specifically , the present invention relates to a DAS utilizing
`would seem to allow dynamic reconfiguration based on the
`software defined radio ( SDR ) .
`needs of the enterprise or based on time of day , it frequently
`requires deployment of additional staff resources for real
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`25 time management of the network . Another issue is that it ' s
`not always correct or best to make the same DAS remote
`Wireless and mobile network operators face the continu -
`unit configuration changes back and forth on each day of the
`ing challenge of building networks that effectively manage
`week at the same times of day . Frequently it is difficult or
`high data - traffic growth rates . Mobility and an increased
`impractical for an enterprise IT manager to monitor the
`level of multimedia content for end users requires end - to - 30 subscriber loading on each base station . And it is almost
`end network adaptations that support both new services and
`certain that the enterprise IT manager has no practical way
`the increased demand for broadband and flat - rate Internet
`to determine the loading at a given time of day for each DAS
`access . One of the most difficult challenges faced by net -
`remote unit ; they can only guess .
`work operators is caused by the physical movements of
`Another major limitation of prior art DAS deployments is
`subscribers from one location to another , and particularly 35 related to their installation , commissioning and optimization
`when wireless subscribers congregate in large numbers at
`process . Some challenging issues which must be overcome
`one location . A notable example is a business enterprise
`include selecting remote unit antenna locations to ensure
`facility during lunchtime , when a large number of wireless
`proper coverage while minimizing downlink interference
`subscribers visit a cafeteria location in the building . At that
`from outdoor macro cell sites , minimizing uplink interfer
`time , a large number of subscribers have moved away from
`40 ence to outdoor macro cell sites , and ensuring proper intra
`their offices and usual work areas . It ' s likely that during
`system handovers while indoors and while moving from
`lunchtime there are many locations throughout the facility
`outdoors to indoors ( and vice - versa ) . The process of per
`where there are very few subscribers . If the indoor wireless
`forming such deployment optimization is frequently char
`network resources were properly sized during the design
`acterized as trial - and - error and as such , the results may not
`process for subscriber loading as it is during normal working 45 be consistent with a high quality of service .
`hours when subscribers are in their normal work areas , it is
`A major limitation of prior art DAS equipment employing
`very likely that the lunchtime scenario will present some
`digital transmission links such as optical fiber or wired
`unexpected challenges with regard to available wireless
`Ethernet is the fact that the prior - art RF - to - digital conver
`capacity and data throughput .
`sion techniques utilize an approach whereby the system
`To accommodate this variation in subscriber loading , 50 converts a single broad RF bandwidth of e . g . , 10 to 25 MHz
`there are several candidate prior art approaches .
`to digital . Therefore all the signals , whether weak or strong ,
`One approach is to deploy many low - power high - capacity
`desired or undesired , contained within that broad bandwidth
`base stations throughout the facility . The quantity of base
`are converted to digital , whether those signals are desired or
`stations is determined based on the coverage of each base
`not . This approach frequently leads to inefficiencies within
`station and the total space to be covered . Each of these base 55 the DAS which limit the DAS network capacity . It would be
`stations is provisioned with enough radio resources , i . e . ,
`preferable to employ an alternative approach yielding
`capacity and broadband data throughput to accommodate the
`greater efficiencies and improved flexibility , particularly for
`maximum subscriber loading which occurs during the
`neutral host applications .
`course of the workday and work week . Although this
`In 2008 the FCC further clarified its E - 911 requirements
`approach typically yields a high quality of service , the 60 with regard to Phase 2 accuracy for mobile wireless net
`notable disadvantage of this approach is that during a major
`works . The information required in Phase 2 is the mobile
`part of the time many of the base stations ' capacity is being
`phone number and the physical location , within a few dozen
`wasted . Since a typical indoor wireless network deployment
`yards , from which the call was made . The Canadian gov
`involves capital and operational costs which are assessed on
`ernment is reportedly considering enacting similar require
`a per - subscriber basis for each base station , the typically 65 ments . Also the FCC is eager to see US mobile network
`high total life cycle cost for a given enterprise facility is far
`operators provide positioning services with enhanced accu
`racy for E - 911 for indoor subscribers . There is a reported
`from optimal
`
`

`

`US 9 , 820 , 171 B2
`try to mandate Phase 2 accuracy
`work calibration , autonomous / assisted commissioning ,
`effort within the FCC to
`carrier pooling , automatic frequency selection , radio fre
`indoors , within the next 2 years .
`Many wireless networks employ mobile and fixed broad
`quency carrier placement , traffic monitoring , traffic tagging ,
`band wireless terminals which employ GPS - based E - 911
`and indoor location determination using pilot beacons . The
`location services . It has been demonstrated that GPS signals 5 present invention can also serve multiple operators , multi
`from satellites outdoors don ' t propagate well into the indoor
`mode radios ( modulation - independent ) and multi - frequency
`space . Therefore an alternative , more robust E - 911 location
`bands per operator to increase the efficiency and traffic
`determination approach is required for indoors , particularly
`capacity of the operators ' wireless networks .
`if the FCC requirements are changed to be more stringent .
`Accordingly , it is an object of the present invention to
`Several US operators have expressed concern about how 10 provide a capability for Flexible Simulcast . With Flexible
`they can practically and cost - effectively obtain these
`Simulcast , the amount of radio resources ( such as RF
`enhanced location accuracy capabilities . Operators are very
`carriers , CDMA codes or TDMA time slots ) assigned to a
`eager to identify a cost - effective approach which can be
`particular RRU or group of RRUs by each RRU Access
`Module can be set via software control as described here
`deployed indoors for enhanced location accuracy .
`One proposed approach toward indoor location accuracy 15 inafter to meet desired capacity and throughput objectives or
`enhancement for CDMA networks would employ a separate
`wireless subscriber needs . To achieve these and other
`unit known as a CDMA Pilot Beacon . A notable disadvan
`objects , an aspect of the present invention employs soft
`tage of this approach for an indoor OAS application is that
`ware - programmable frequency selective Digital Up - Con
`since the CDMA Pilot Beacon unit is a separate and dedi -
`verters ( DUCs ) and Digital Down - Converters ( DDCs ) . A
`cated device and not integrated within the OAS , it would 20 software - defined Remote Radio Head architecture is used
`likely be costly to deploy . The Pilot Beacon approach for
`for cost - effective optimization of the radio performance .
`CDMA networks employs a Pilot Beacon with a unique PN
`Frequency selective DDCs and DUCs at the Remote Radio
`code ( in that area ) which effectively divides a particular
`Head enable a high signal to noise ratio ( SNR ) which
`CDMA network coverage area ( e . g . , indoors ) into multiple
`maximize the throughput data rate . An embodiment shown
`small zones ( which each correspond to the coverage area of 25 in FIG . 1 depicts a basic structure and provides an example
`a low - power Pilot Beacon ) . Each Pilot Beacon ' s location ,
`of a Flexible Simulcast downlink transport scenario . FIG . 2
`PN code and RF Power level are known by the network
`depicts an embodiment of a basic structure of a Flexible
`Each Pilot Beacon must be synchronized to the CDMA Simulcast uplink transport scenario .
`network , via GPS or local base station connection . A vari -
`It is a further object of the present invention to facilitate
`able delay setting permits each Pilot Beacon to have the 30 conversion and transport of several discrete relatively nar
`appropriate system timing to permit triangulation and / or
`row RF bandwidths . In another aspect of the invention , an
`Cell 10 position determination . One optional but potentially
`embodiment converts only that plurality of specific , rela
`costly enhancement to this approach would employ a Wire -
`tively narrow bandwidths that carry useful information .
`less Modem for each Pilot Beacon to provide remote
`Thus , this aspect of the present invention allows more
`Alarms , Control and Monitoring of each CDMA Pilot Bea - 35 efficient use of the available optical fiber transport band
`con . No known solution for indoor location accuracy
`w
`idth for neutral host applications , and facilitates transport
`enhancement has been publicly proposed for WCDMA of more operators ' band segments over the optical fiber . To
`achieve the above result , the present invention utilizes
`networks .
`One candidate technically - proven approach toward
`frequency - selective filtering at the Remote Radio Head
`in