UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
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`BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT &
`BMW OF NORTH AMERICA, LLC,
`Petitioners
`
`v.
`
`PAICE LLC & THE ABELL FOUNDATION, INC.
`Patent Owners
`
`
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`
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`
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`Inter Partes Review No.: To Be Assigned
`
`U.S. Patent No. 7,237,634 K2
`
`___________________
`
`
`DECLARATION OF DR. GREGORY W. DAVIS
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`BMW 1008
`Page 1 of 311
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`Table of Contents
`
`I.
`II.
`III.
`IV.
`
`QUALIFICATIONS AND PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE ..............14
`RELEVANT LEGAL STANDARDS ....................................................22
`QUALIFICATIONS OF ONE OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART .23
`STATE OF THE ART ...........................................................................25
`A.
`“Series” Hybrid Vehicle...............................................................29
`B.
`“Parallel” Hybrid Vehicle ............................................................32
`C.
`Hybrid Vehicle “Control Strategies” ............................................38
`D. Monitoring Driving Patterns ........................................................51
`E.
`Turbochargers ..............................................................................55
`F.
`Engine Fundamentals ...................................................................64
`G.
`Electric Motor Fundamentals .......................................................68
`H.
`Emissions.....................................................................................68
`I.
`Hysteresis Control .......................................................................83
`J.
`Cruise Control..............................................................................88
`V.
`THE ’634 Patent ....................................................................................90
`A.
`Effective Filing Date of the ’634 Patent .......................................90
`B.
`Prosecution History of the ’634 Patent .........................................92
`VI.
`CONSTRUED CLAIM TERMS ............................................................92
`VII. OVERVIEW OF THE PRIOR ART ......................................................96
`A.
`U.S. Patent No. 5,343,970 to Severinsky......................................96
`B.
`Nii – United States Patent No. 5,650,931 .....................................99
`C.
`Quigley, et al..........................................................................................99
`D.
`Graf – U.S. Patent No. 6,188,945 ............................................... 100
`
`CHALLENGED CLAIMS OF THE ’634 PATENT AND PREVIOUSLY
`
`Quigley – “Predicting the Use of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle”
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`Vittone – Oreste Vittone et al., Fiat Conceptual Approach to
`Hybrid Cars Design, 12th International Electric Vehicle Symposium
`
`E. Ma – International Application Publication No. WO 92/15778 .. 100
`F.
`(1994) .................................................................................................. 101
`G.
`Frank – U.S. Patent No. 5,842,534 ............................................. 102
`H.
`Lateur – U.S. Patent No. 5,823,280 ............................................ 102
`I.
`Yamaguchi – U.S. Patent No. 5,865,263 .................................... 103
`J.
`Suga – U.S. Patent No. 5,623,104 .............................................. 103
`VIII. CLAIM 33 IS OBVIOUS OVER SEVERINSKY ’970 IN VIEW OF NII
`............................................................................................................. 104
`A.
`Claim 33 .................................................................................... 104
`B.
`Rationale for the Combination ................................................... 133
`IX.
`QUIGLEY ........................................................................................... 138
`A.
`Claim 33 .................................................................................... 138
`B.
`Rationale for the Combination ................................................... 143
`X.
`GRAF .................................................................................................. 146
`A.
`Claim 33 .................................................................................... 146
`B.
`Rationale for the Combination ................................................... 150
`XI.
`(3) GRAF ............................................................................................. 153
`A.
`Claim 34 .................................................................................... 154
`B.
`Claim 35 .................................................................................... 156
`C.
`Claim 36 .................................................................................... 161
`D.
`Claim 37 .................................................................................... 166
`E.
`Claim 38 .................................................................................... 175
`
`CLAIMS 34-38, 42-44, 46, 50, 52, 55 AND 68 ARE OBVIOUS OVER
`SEVERINSKY ’970 IN VIEW OF ANY OF (1) NII, (2) QUIGLEY, OR
`
`CLAIM 33 IS OBVIOUS OVER SEVERINSKY ’970 IN VIEW OF
`
`CLAIM 33 IS OBVIOUS OVER SEVERINSKY ’970 IN VIEW OF
`
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`Claim 42 .................................................................................... 177
`F.
`Claim 43 .................................................................................... 177
`G.
`Claim 44 .................................................................................... 193
`H.
`Claim 46 .................................................................................... 198
`I.
`Claim 50 .................................................................................... 202
`J.
`Claim 52 .................................................................................... 207
`K.
`Claim 55 .................................................................................... 209
`L.
`M. Claim 68 .................................................................................... 214
`XII. CLAIMS 39 AND 40 ARE OBVIOUS OVER SEVERINSKY ’970 IN
`FURTHER IN VIEW OF FRANK....................................................... 217
`A.
`Claim 39 .................................................................................... 217
`B.
`Claim 40 .................................................................................... 226
`C.
`Rationale for the Combination ................................................... 230
`XIII. CLAIM 41 IS OBVIOUS OVER SEVERINSKY ’970 IN VIEW OF
`VIEW LATEUR .................................................................................. 233
`A.
`Claim 41 .................................................................................... 233
`B.
`Rationale for the Combination ................................................... 242
`XIV. CLAIM 49 IS OBVIOUS OVER SEVERINSKY ’970 IN VIEW OF
`VIEW OF MA ..................................................................................... 244
`A.
`Claim 49 .................................................................................... 244
`B.
`Rationale for the Combination ................................................... 248
`XV. CLAIM 53 IS OBVIOUS OVER SEVERINSKY ’970 IN VIEW OF
`VIEW OF VITTONE ........................................................................... 250
`A.
`Claim 53 .................................................................................... 250
`
`ANY OF (1) NII, (2) QUIGLEY, OR (3) GRAF, AND FURTHER IN
`
`ANY OF (1) NII, (2) QUIGLEY, OR (3) GRAF, AND FURTHER IN
`
`VIEW OF ANY OF (1) NII, (2) QUIGLEY, OR (3) GRAF, AND
`
`ANY OF (1) NII, (2) QUIGLEY, OR (3) GRAF, AND FURTHER IN
`
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`BMW 1008
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`ANY OF (1) NII, (2) QUIGLEY, OR (3) GRAF, AND FURTHER IN
`
`Rationale for the Combination ................................................... 267
`B.
`XVI. CLAIM 54 IS OBVIOUS OVER SEVERINSKY ’970 IN VIEW OF
`VIEW OF YAMAGUCHI ................................................................... 275
`A.
`Claim 54 .................................................................................... 275
`B.
`Rationale for the Combination ................................................... 280
`XVII. CLAIM 105 IS OBVIOUS OVER SEVERINSKY ’970 IN VIEW OF
`FRANK AND FURTHER IN VIEW OF MA ...................................... 285
`A.
`Claim 105 .................................................................................. 285
`XVIII. CLAIMS 188, 189, 199-203, 205, 206, 208, 211 AND 213 ARE
`OBVIOUS OVER SEVERINSKY ’970 IN VIEW OF MA ................. 287
`A.
`Claim 188 .................................................................................. 287
`B.
`Claim 189 .................................................................................. 289
`C.
`Claim 199 .................................................................................. 289
`D.
`Claim 200 .................................................................................. 289
`E.
`Claim 201 .................................................................................. 290
`F.
`Claim 202 .................................................................................. 290
`G.
`Claim 203 .................................................................................. 291
`H.
`Claim 205 .................................................................................. 291
`I.
`Claim 206 .................................................................................. 291
`J.
`Claim 208 .................................................................................. 292
`K.
`Claim 211 .................................................................................. 293
`L.
`Claim 213 .................................................................................. 293
`XIX. CLAIM 204 IS OBVIOUS OVER SEVERINSKY ’970 IN VIEW OF
`MA AND FURTHER IN VIEW OF LATEUR .................................... 293
`A.
`Claim 204 .................................................................................. 293
`XX. CLAIM 212 IS OBVIOUS OVER SEVERINSKY ’970 IN VIEW OF
`
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`MA AND YAMAGUCHI .................................................................... 294
`A.
`Claim 212 .................................................................................. 294
`XXI. CLAIM 214 IS OBVIOUS OVER SEVERINSKY ’970 IN VIEW OF
`MA AND FURTHER IN VIEW OF SUGA ........................................ 294
`A.
`Claim 214 .................................................................................. 295
`B.
`Rationale for the Combination ................................................... 302
`XXII. CLAIM 242 IS OBVIOUS OVER SEVERINSKY ’970 IN VIEW OF
`VITTONE ............................................................................................ 305
`XXIII. CLAIM 268 IS OBVIOUS OVER SEVERINSKY ’970 IN VIEW OF
`YAMAGUCHI .................................................................................... 307
`XXIV. OBJECTIVE EVIDENCE OF NONOBVIOUSNESS ......................... 309
`XXV. CONCLUSION ................................................................................... 311
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`BMW 1008
`Page 6 of 311
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`LIST OF EXHIBITS
`
`Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit
`
`BMW1001 U.S. Patent No. 7,237,634, including Inter Partes Review
`Certificates issued as U.S. Patent No. 7,237,634 K1 and U.S.
`Patent No. 7,237,634 K2
`
`BMW1002 USPTO Assignments on the Web for U.S. Patent No. 7,237,634
`K2
`
`BMW1003 Reserved
`
`BMW1004 Reserved
`
`BMW1005 Reserved
`
`BMW1006 Reserved
`
`BMW1007 Reserved
`
`BMW1008 Declaration of Dr. Gregory W. Davis in Support of Inter Partes
`Review of U.S. Patent No. 7,237,634 K2
`
`BMW1009 Curriculum Vitae of Dr. Gregory W. Davis
`
`BMW1010 Reserved
`
`BMW1011 Ford Motor Co. v. Paice LLC, IPR2014-00884, Paper 38, Final
`Written Decision (P.T.A.B. Dec. 10, 2015)
`
`BMW1012
`
`File History for U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347 K2
`
`BMW1013 U.S. Patent No. 5,343,970 (“Severinsky” or “Severinsky ’970”)
`
`BMW1014 Reserved
`
`BMW1015 Reserved
`
`BMW1016 Reserved
`
`BMW1017 Reserved
`
`
`
`BMW 1008
`Page 7 of 311
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`Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit
`
`BMW1018 Reserved
`
`BMW1019 Reserved
`
`BMW1020 U.S. Patent No. 6,188,945 (“Graf”)
`
`BMW1021
`
`International Application Publication No. WO 92/15778 (“Ma”)
`
`BMW1022 U.S. Patent No. 5,650,931 (“Nii”)
`
`BMW1023
`
`BMW1024
`
`BMW1025
`
`Innovations in Design: 1993 Ford Hybrid Electric Vehicle
`Challenge, Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE/SP-94/980,
`Davis, G.W. et al., “United States Naval Academy, AMPhibian”
`(Feb. 1994), 277-87
`
`1996 Future Car Challenge, Society of Automotive Engineers,
`SAE/SP-97/1234, Swan, J. et al., “Design and Development of
`Hyades, a Parallel Hybrid Vehicle for the 1996 FutureCar
`Challenge” (Feb. 1997), 23-30
`
`1997 Future Car Challenge, Society of Automotive Engineers,
`SAE/SP-98/1359, Swan, J. et al., “Design and Development of
`Hyades, a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle for the 1997 FutureCar
`Challenge” (Feb. 1998), 29-39
`
`BMW1026 U.S. Provisional Appl. No. 60/100,095 (Filed Sep. 11, 1998)
`
`BMW1027 Wakefield, E.H., Ph.D., History of the Electric Automobile –
`Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Society of Automotive Engineers,
`SAE/SP-98/3420 (1998), 17-34 (Chapter 2: The History of the
`Petro-Electric Vehicle)
`
`BMW1028 Unnewehr, L.E. et al., “Hybrid Vehicle for Fuel Economy,”
`Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE/SP-76/0121 (1976)
`
`BMW1029 Burke, A.F., “Hybrid/Electric Vehicle Design Options and
`Evaluations,” Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE/SP-92/0447,
`International Congress & Exposition, Detroit, Michigan (Feb. 24-
`28, 1992)
`
`BMW1030 Duoba, M, “Challenges for the Vehicle Tester in Characterizing
`Hybrid Electric Vehicles,” 7th CRC On Road Vehicle Emissions
`
`
`
`
`
`BMW 1008
`Page 8 of 311
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`Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit
`Workshop, San Diego, California (Apr. 9-11, 1997)
`
`BMW1031 Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Program, 18th Annual Report to
`Congress for Fiscal Year 1994, U.S. Department of Energy (Apr.
`1995)
`
`BMW1032 Bates, B. et al., “Technology for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles,”
`Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE/SP-98/1331 (Feb. 1998)
`
`BMW1033
`
`Stodolsky, F. et al., “Strategies in Electric and Hybrid Vehicle
`Design,” Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE/SP-96/1156,
`Kozo, Y. et al., “Development of New Hybrid System – Dual
`System,” SAE/SP-96/0231 (Feb. 1996), 25-33
`
`BMW1034 Leschly, K.O., Hybrid Vehicle Potential Assessment, Volume 7:
`Hybrid Vehicle Review, U.S. Department of Energy (Sep. 30,
`1979)
`
`BMW1035 Reserved
`
`BMW1036 Masding, P.W., et al., “A microprocessor controlled gearbox for
`use in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles,” Transactions of the
`Institute of Measurement and Control, Vol. 10, No. 4 (July –Sep.
`1988), 177-86
`
`BMW1037 Reserved
`
`BMW1038 U.S. Patent No. 6,209,672 (“Severinsky ’672”)
`
`BMW1039 Davis, G.W., Ph.D. et al., Introduction to Automotive Powertrains,
`Chapter 2: Road Loads (2000), 27-68
`
`BMW1040 Ehsani, M. et al., “Propulsion System Design of Electric
`Vehicles,” Texas A&M University, Department of Electrical
`Engineering (1996), 7-13
`
`BMW1041 Ehsani, M. et al., “Propulsion System Design of Electric and
`Hybrid Vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,
`Vol. 44, No. 1 (Feb. 1997), 19-27
`
`BMW1042 Bauer, H., ed., Automotive Handbook, Robert Bosch Gmbh (4th
`Ed. Oct. 1996), Excerpts
`
`
`
`
`
`BMW 1008
`Page 9 of 311
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`Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit
`
`BMW1043 Design Innovations in Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles,
`Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE/SP-96/1089, Anderson, C.,
`et al, “The Effects of APU Characteristics on the Design of Hybrid
`Control Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles,” SAE/SP-95/0493
`(Feb. 1995), 65-71
`
`BMW1044 U.S. Patent No. 5,656,921 (“Farrall”)
`
`BMW1045
`
`Stone, R., Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines, Chapter
`9: Turbocharging (2nd Ed. 1995), 324-53
`
`BMW1046 Bauer, H., ed., Automotive Handbook, Robert Bosch Gmbh (4th
`Ed. Oct. 1996), Excerpts
`
`BMW1047 Heisler, H., Advanced Engine Technology, Chapters 6.7-6.10
`(1995), 315-47
`
`BMW1048 Reserved
`
`BMW1049 Reserved
`
`BMW1050 Reserved
`
`BMW1051 U.S. Patent No. 5,823,280 (“Lateur”)
`
`BMW1052 Reserved
`
`BMW1053 Reserved
`
`BMW1054 Quigley, et al., “Predicting the Use of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle
`(“Quigley”)
`
`BMW1055 Declaration of Sylvia Hall-Ellis, Ph.D.
`
`BMW1056 U.S. Patent No. 5,189,621 (“Onari”)
`
`BMW1057 U.S. Patent No. 4,625,697 (“Hosaka”)
`
`BMW1058 U.S. Patent No. 5,533,583 (“Adler”)
`
`BMW1059 Ford Motor Co. v. Paice LLC, IPR2014-01416, Paper 26, Final
`Written Decision (P.T.A.B. Mar. 10, 2016)
`
`
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`BMW 1008
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`Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit
`
`BMW1060 Ford Motor Co. v. Paice LLC, IPR2015-00722, Paper 13,
`Institution Decision (P.T.A.B. Oct. 26, 2015)
`
`BMW1061 Ford Motor Co. v. Paice LLC, IPR2015-00787, Paper 12,
`Institution Decision (P.T.A.B. Oct. 26, 2015)
`
`BMW1062 Ford Motor Co. v. Paice LLC, IPR2015-00791, Paper 12,
`Institution Decision (P.T.A.B. Oct. 27, 2015)
`
`BMW1063 Ford Motor Co. v. Paice LLC, IPR2014-00904, Paper 41, Final
`Written Decision (P.T.A.B. Dec. 10, 2015)
`
`BMW1064 Ford Motor Co. v. Paice LLC, IPR2015-00758, Paper 28, Final
`Written Decision (P.T.A.B. Nov. 8, 2016)
`
`BMW1065 Ford Motor Co. v. Paice LLC, IPR2015-00785, Paper 31, Final
`Written Decision (P.T.A.B. Oct. 21, 2016)
`
`BMW1066 Ford Motor Co. v. Paice LLC, IPR2015-00801, Paper 28, Final
`Written Decision (P.T.A.B. Oct. 21, 2016)
`
`BMW1067 Ford Motor Co. v. Paice LLC, IPR2015-00606, Paper 33, Final
`Written Decision (P.T.A.B. Nov. 8, 2016)
`
`BMW1068 U.S. Patent No. 5,842,534 (“Frank”)
`
`BMW1069 Vittone, Oreste, “Fiat Conceptual Approach to Hybrid Cars
`Design,” 12th International Electric Vehicle Symposium, Volume
`2 (1994)
`
`BMW1070 U.S. Patent No. 5,865,263 (“Yamaguchi”)
`
`BMW1071 U.S. Patent No. 5,623,104 (“Suga”)
`
`BMW1072 Paice LLC v. Ford Motor Co., Appeal Nos. 2017-1387, 2017-
`1388, 2017-1390, 2017-1457, 2017-1458, Doc. 70-2, Opinion
`(Fed. Cir. Feb. 1, 2018)
`
`BMW1073 Paice LLC v. Ford Motor Co., Appeal Nos. 2016-1746, 2016-2034
`Doc. 57-2, Opinion (Fed. Cir. Apr. 21, 2017)
`
`BMW1074 An, F. and Barth, M., “Critical Issues in Quantifying Hybrid
`Electric Vehicle Emissions and Fuel Consumption,” Society of
`
`
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`
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`BMW 1008
`Page 11 of 311
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`Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit
`Automotive Engineers, SAE/SP-98/1902 (Aug. 1998)
`
`BMW1075 Heywood, J.B., Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals,
`(McGraw-Hill 1998).
`
`BMW1076
`
`Pulkrabek, W.W., Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal
`Combustion Engine, Excerpts (Prentice Hall 1997)
`
`BMW1077 Hawley, G.G., The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Excerpts (9th
`Ed. 1977)
`
`BMW1078 Brown, T.L. and LeMay, H.E., Jr., Chemistry: The Central
`Science, Chapter 3: Stoichiometry (3rd Ed. 1985)
`
`BMW1079 Engh, G.T. and Wallman, S, “Development of the Volvo Lambda-
`Sond System,” SAE/SP-77/0295 (1978)
`
`BMW1080
`
`Stefanopoulou, A.G., et al., “Engine Air-Fuel Ratio and Torque
`Control Using Secondary Throttles,” Proceedings of the 33rd
`Conference on Decision and Control (Dec. 1994)
`
`BMW1081 Takaoka, T., et al.., “A High-Expansion-Ratio Gasoline Engine for
`the TOYOTA Hybrid System,” Toyota Technical Review, Vol. 47,
`No. 2 (Apr. 1998), 53-61
`
`BMW1082
`
`Palm III, W.J., Control Systems Engineering, Excerpts (John
`Wiley & Sons 1986)
`
`BMW1083
`
`Jurgen, R.K., Ed., Automotive Electronics Handbook, Excerpts
`(McGraw Hill 1995)
`
`BMW1084 U.S. Patent No. 5,479,898 (“Cullen”)
`
`BMW1085 Kruse, R.E. and Huls, T.A., “Development of the Federal Urban
`Driving Schedule,” Automobile Engineering Meeting, SAE/SP-
`73/0552 (1973)
`
`
`
`
`
`BMW 1008
`Page 12 of 311
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`I, Gregory Davis, hereby declare as follows:
`
`1.
`
`I am making this declaration at the request of Bayerische Motoren
`
`Werke Aktiengesellschaft and BMW of North America, LLC in the matter of Inter
`
`Partes Review of U.S. Patent No. 7,237,634 (“the ’634 Patent”).
`
`2.
`
`I am being compensated for my work in this matter at a rate of
`
`$375/hour. My compensation in no way depends on the outcome of this
`
`proceeding.
`
`3.
`
`In preparation of this declaration and in forming the opinions
`
`expressed below, I have considered:
`
`(1) The documents listed in the Exhibit List above as well as
`
`additional patents and documents referenced herein;
`
`(2) The relevant legal standards, including the standard for
`
`obviousness provided in KSR International Co. v. Teleflex, Inc., 550 U.S.
`
`398 (2007), and any additional documents cited in the body of this
`
`declaration; and
`
`(3) My knowledge and experience based upon my work and study
`
`in this area as described below.
`
`4.
`
`I have submitted opinions regarding the ’634 Patent in previous IPRs,
`
`including in IPR2014-00904, IPR2014-01416, IPR2015-00722, IPR2015-00758,
`
`IPR2015-00784, IPR2015-00787, IPR2015-00790, IPR2015-00791, and IPR2015-
`
`
`
`
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`00800. In those IPRs, I provided my opinions regarding numerous claims
`
`containing largely the same limitations that are present in the claims I address here.
`
`Below, I repeat many of my previous opinions regarding those limitations and also
`
`provide additional opinions regarding a handful of limitations that I had not
`
`previously addressed. I have also reviewed the opinions submitted by Dr. Jeffrey
`
`L. Stein regarding the ’634 Patent in previous IPRs, including in IPR2015-00606,
`
`IPR2015-00785, IPR2015-00799, IPR2015-00801. In those IPRs, Dr. Stein also
`
`provided opinions regarding numerous claims containing largely the same
`
`limitations that are present in the claims I address here. Below, I also repeat and
`
`adopt many of Dr. Stein’s opinions regarding those limitations, including the
`
`corresponding background information he provides regarding the state of the art.
`
`I.
`
`QUALIFICATIONS AND PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
`
`5.
`
`I have provided my full background in the curriculum vitae that is
`
`attached as BMW1009.
`
`6.
`
`I received my Bachelor of Science Degree in Mechanical Engineering
`
`from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor in 1982 and my Master of Science
`
`Degree in Mechanical Engineering from Oakland University in 1986.
`
`7.
`
`I further am a licensed “Professional Engineer” in the state of
`
`Michigan.
`
`8.
`
`As shown in my resume, most of my career has been in the field of
`
`
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`BMW 1008
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`automotive engineering that includes numerous positions in both the academia and
`
`industry settings.
`
`9.
`
`After receiving my Master’s degree, I began work at General Motors
`
`where I had several assignments
`
`involving automotive design, advanced
`
`engineering and manufacturing. Over the course of my years at General Motors, I
`
`was involved in all aspects of the vehicle design process, from advanced research
`
`and development to manufacturing.
`
`10. Specifically, my work at General Motors included aspects of engine
`
`and fuel system design relating to the production of fuel sending units, and
`
`modeling the effects of fuels and EGR on vehicle performance and emissions.
`
`11. After leaving General Motors, I returned to the University of
`
`Michigan where I was awarded a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering in 1991. My
`
`thesis was directed
`
`to automotive engineering
`
`including
`
`the design and
`
`development of systems and models for understanding combustion in automotive
`
`engines.
`
`12. Upon completion of my Ph.D., I joined the faculty of the U.S. Naval
`
`Academy where I led the automotive program in mechanical engineering. As part
`
`of my responsibilities while at the Academy, I managed the laboratories for
`
`Internal Combustion Engines and Power Systems.
`
`13.
`
`I further taught automotive and mechanical engineering courses while
`
`
`
`
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`at the U.S. Naval Academy. Some of the courses I taught were directed
`
`specifically to design and operation of internal combustion engines in both
`
`conventional and hybrid vehicles. I also taught courses pertaining to the design
`
`and operation of hybrid vehicles.
`
`14.
`
`In addition to my work at the U.S. Naval Academy, I also served as
`
`faculty advisor for the USNA Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). During
`
`this time I served as project director for the research and development of hybrid
`
`electric vehicles.
`
`15. My work with regards to hybrid electric vehicles included extensive
`
`design and modifications of the powertrain, chassis, and body systems. This
`
`development work included the design, modifications and implementation of
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`alternate fuel delivery and injection systems.
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`16. The hybrid electric vehicle work that I worked on at the U.S. Naval
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`Academy was published in a bound 1994 SAE special publication. (BMW1023 at
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`6-11).
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`17. While at the Naval Academy, I also taught classes in mechanical
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`engineering at Johns Hopkins University.
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`18.
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`In 1995, I joined the faculty of Lawrence Technological University
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`where I served as Director of the Master of Automotive Engineering Program and
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`Associate Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department.
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`19. The master’s program in automotive engineering is a professionally
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`oriented program aimed at attracting and educating practicing engineers in the
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`automotive industry.
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`20.
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`In addition
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`to
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`teaching and designing
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`the curriculum
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`for
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`undergraduate and graduate students, I also worked in the automotive industry
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`closely with Ford Motor Company on the development of a hybrid electric vehicle.
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`21. Specifically, I served as project director on a cooperative research
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`project to develop and design all aspects of a hybrid electric vehicle. While in
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`many instances we used standard Ford components, we custom designed many
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`automotive subsystems. As part of this project, we completely redesigned and
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`replaced the existing powertrain including the fuel storage, delivery and injection
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`systems. We also did analytical and actual testing of the systems.
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`22. While at Lawrence Technological University, I also served as the
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`faculty advisor on several student based hybrid vehicle competitions that were
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`sponsored primarily by Ford Motor Company, General Motor Company, and
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`Chrysler Corporation.
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`23. These competitions required the complete design of a hybrid vehicle,
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`including the design of the power train. These competitions also required the
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`complete design of the software and hardware required to control the hybrid
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`vehicle.
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`24. Attached as Exhibits BMW1024 and BMW1025 are the competition
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`papers that were submitted for the 1996 and 1997 competitions for which I served
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`as the faculty advisor. (BMW1024; BMW1025).
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`25. During my time at Lawrence Technological University, I further
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`served as advisor for 145 automotive graduate and undergraduate project students.
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`Many of the graduate students whom I advised were employed as full time
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`engineers in the automotive industry. This service required constant interaction
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`with the students and their automotive companies which included the major
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`automotive manufacturers (e.g., Ford, Chrysler, General Motors, Toyota, etc).
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`along with many automotive suppliers (e.g., Denso, Delphi and Bosch).
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`26. Currently, I am employed as a Professor of Mechanical Engineering
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`& Director of the Advanced Engine Research Laboratory (AERL) at Kettering
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`University—formerly known as “General Motors Institute.”
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`27. At Kettering University, I develop the curriculum and teach courses in
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`mechanical and automotive engineering to both undergraduate and graduate
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`students.
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`28. Since coming to Kettering, I have advised over 90 undergraduate and
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`graduate theses in automotive engineering. Further, I actively pursue research and
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`development activities within automotive engineering.
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`29. My work requires constant involvement with my students and their
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`sponsoring automotive companies which have included not only those mentioned
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`above, but also Walbro, Nissan, Borg Warner, FEV, Inc., U.S. Army Automotive
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`Command, Denso, Honda, Dana, TRW, Tenneco, Navistar, and ArvinMeritor. For
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`example, I routinely visit automotive manufacturing plants and Centers for
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`Research & Development, meeting and working with engineers. These interactions
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`include the Flint GM Engine plant, BorgWarner, Horiba, the Environmental
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`Protection Agency Vehicle Testing Laboratory, etc.
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`30. As is further shown by my curriculum vitae, I have published over 80
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`peer reviewed technical articles and presentations involving topics in automotive
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`engineering.
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`31. Automotive and mechanical engineering topics covered in these
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`articles include development of hybrid vehicles, mechanical design and analysis of
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`components and systems, vehicle exterior design
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`including aerodynamics,
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`development of alternative fueled vehicles and fuel systems, thermal and fluid
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`system design and analysis, selection and design of components and sub-systems
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`for optimum system integration, and system calibration and control.
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`32.
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`I have also chaired or co-chaired sessions in automotive engineering
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`at many
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`technical conferences
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`including sessions
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`involving powertrain
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`development and control in automotive engineering.
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`33. For my work, I have received numerous awards. In 2002, for example,
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`I was awarded the SAE International Award for Excellence in Oral Presentation
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`and the Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference. In 2006, I was awarded the SAE
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`International Outstanding Section Member Award, in Recognition of Extraordinary
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`Achievement by a Mid-Michigan Section Member.
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`34. Additionally, while acting as director of the AERL, I am responsible
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`for numerous laboratories and undergraduate and graduate research projects, which
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`include On-road and Off-road engine and chassis testing laboratories. Projects
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`have included the design and development of fuel injection systems for off-road
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`vehicles, fuel compatibility studies of vehicle storage and delivery systems,
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`modification of fuel delivery systems to accommodate alternative fuels, and other
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`extensive modifications and development of vehicular powertrains. Testing
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`services include both laboratory and on-road data acquisition & control of vehicles
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`and systems.
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`35.
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`I also serve as lead faculty advisor to the Society of Automotive
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`Engineers’ (“SAE”) Student Branch where we annually design and compete in the
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`Formula, Baja, AeroDesign, and Clean snowmobile challenges (I directly advise
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`the Clean Snowmobile and AeroDesign Challenge teams) where we design, and
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`manufacture vehicles and systems, including Powertrain and Body/Chassis
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`systems.
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`36.
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`I have also held numerous
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`leadership positions within SAE
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`International. In addition to serving and chairing many committees, I have served
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`as an elected Director on the SAE International Board of Directors, as a member
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`of, and the Chair of the SAE International Engineering Education Board, and as a
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`Director of the SAE International Publications Board.
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`37.
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`In addition to my academic work, I have consulted extensively in the
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`automotive industry. For example, since 2003 I have been an instructor in SAE’s
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`Continuing Professional Development Programs where I have worked to develop
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`and teach professional development courses directed to automotive powertrain
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`systems and controls, braking, handling, chassis, and exterior body systems for
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`SAE at its headquarters and at company locations. Engineers and managers from
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`all major original equipment manufacturers and suppliers, governmental regulatory
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`agencies, as well as other professionals involved in the automotive industry world-
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`wide have attended these courses. I also develop and teach continuing professional
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`development courses, working directly with the sponsoring companies.
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`38.
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`I am an inventor on four patents providing methods and systems for
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`conserving energy used by energy-consuming devices, such as engines in
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`automobiles or generators. In certain embodiments, an energy conservation system
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`can be configured to deliver energy to the energy-consuming device for a period,
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`followed by a period in which energy delivery is dampened and/or cut. By cycling
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`the delivery of energy in this fashion, the energy conservation can achieve a pulsed
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`efficiency.
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`39. Finally, I am a member of the Advisory Board of the National
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`Institute for Advanced Transportation Technology at the University of Idaho. In
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`additi