THE OXFORD DESK DICTIONARY AND THESAURUS
`THE OXFORD ESSENTIAL BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
`THE OXFORD ESSENTIAL DICTIONARY OF FOREIGN TERMS IN ENGLISH
`‘
`THE OXFORD ESSENTIAL GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
`THE OXFORD ESSENTIAL QUOTATIONS DICTIONARY
`THE OXFORD ESSENTIAL SPELLING DICTIONARY
`THE OXFORD ESSENTIAL THESAURUS
`THE OXFORD FRENCH DICTIONARY
`FHEOXFORD GERMAN DICTIONARY
`. THE OXFORD ITALIAN DICTIONARY
`THE OXFORD PORTUGUESE DICTIONARY
`THE OXFORD RUSSIAN DICTIONARY _
`THE OXFORD NEW SPANISH DICTIONARY
`
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`Essential
`
`~ AMERICAN EDITION
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`'THE OXFORD ESSENTIAL DICTIONARY
`A Berkley’Book / published in mass market paperback
`by arrangement with Oxford University Press, Inc.
`PRINTING HISTORY
`Berkley edition / August 1998
`
`Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
`Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press, Inc.
`Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.,as
`The Oxford American Desk Dictionary. Derived from
`The Oxford Desk Dictionary and Thesaurus,
`All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
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`PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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`3
`
`Contents
`
`Preface
`_ How to Use the Oxford Essenzial Dictionary: American Edition
`; Abbreviations Used-in This Book
`| Key to the Pronunciations .
`
`vii
`ix
`
`Oxjord Essential Dictionary: American Edition
`
`Biographical Entries
`Geographical Entries
`
`Special Reference Sections
`Standard Weights and Measures with Metric Equivalents
`Conversion from Standard to Metric Measurements
`Metric Weights and Measures with Standard Equivalents
`Conversion from Metric to Standard Measurements
`Signs and Symbols -
`Temperature
`Heat Index
`Windchill Temperatures .
`Mathematical Notation
`_
`Multiplication Tables
`Arabic and Roman Numerals
`Greek Alphabet
`Books of the Bible
`
`Terms for Groups of Animals, etc.
`Chemical Elements
`.
`Presidents of the United States of America
`Leaders and Rulers
`;
`States of the United States of America
`Area Codes
`:
`Countries of the World
`Time Periods
`
`Wedding Anniversary Gifts
`
`
`
`
`
`1-702
`
`705
`741
`
`780
`781
`782
`783
`784
`786
`787
`787
`788
`
`788
`790
`790
`
`791
`792
`794
`796
`797
`798
`800
`
`_ 803
`809
`gig
`
`2
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`

`

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`
`438
`paternalism ~ pawl
`limiting freedom and responsibility by well-
`meaning regulations. 00 paternally adv.
`perter-naldgs /potdrnslizom! «. policy of
`governing or behaving in a paternal way. oo par
`ter’nakist #. parter-nal-istic adj. pa-ter-nalis’
`theeal-ly adv.
`:
`pa-ternicty/parérnitee/ ni. 1 fatherhood. 2 one’s
`paternal origin. 3 the source or authorship of
`a thing.
`path /path/#. (pf! paths /pasthz/} 1 way or track
`made for or by walking. 2 line along which a
`person or thing moves (fightpath}. 3 course of
`action, on path'less ad.
`pathet-le /pathétik/ adj. 1 arousing pity, sad-
`ness,
`or
`contempt.
`2¢collay. miserably
`inadequate.co partheti-calely ado.
`path-o-gen /pathejon/ 1. agent causing disease.
`oo pathe-genrie /-jenik/ adj,
`path-o-logi-cal /pathaldjikal/ ag. 1 of pathol
`ogy, Zof or caused by a physical or mental
`disorder (aparhologicalfear ofspiders). oo path:
`olog’*Fealty adv.
`Fae
`Bertholo-gy /pothdisjee/ n. 1 science of bodily
`diseases. Z symptoms of a disease. on pathol”
`ogist x.
`parthes /paythos, -thaws, -this/ ». quality in
`speech, writing; events, etc., that evokes pity or
`sadness.
`path-way /pathway/ x. path or its course.
`spathy/pathee/ comb form formingnouns denot-
`ing: 1 curative treatment (aloparhy; homeopa-
`thy). 2 feeling: (telepathy).
`patience /payshans/ x. perseverance; ability to
`endure; forbearance.
`Pertient /payshant/ © adj. havingor showingpa-
`tence. © #. person receivingmedical treatment.
`nao pa’tiently ado.
`.
`Pavtina /peteene, patna! n.
`(oh partionas) 1
`fin, usu. green, fortned on ok] bronze. 2 sirhi-
`lar film oz gloss on other surfaces. on patel-
`nat-elf /pat'naytid/ ad: pati-na? tion w.
`pativo {pateed/ m.
`lpaved usu. roofless area
`adjoining and belonging to a house. 2 roofless
`invier court.
`.
`Bartels /patwaa, patwaa/ x. Co) same, protune.
`/-waaz/) regional dialect ofthe commonpeople,
`pa-triearch /paytreeaark! 7, I male head of a
`family or wibe, 2 Bool. a chief bishop in the
`Orthodox Church. & {in the Roman Catholic
`Church) bishop ranking immediately below the
`pope. Svenerable old man. on partrisar’ chal
`ad), partrlar’chalely ada,
`partyi-arch-ate /paytreeaarkat, -kayt/ #. office,
`rank, sce, or residence of an patriarch.
`pabbarcky (paytreeaarkee/ x. (61 -chies) sys-
`tem ofsociety, government,etc., ruled by aman
`or men and with descent through the male line,
`pactri-elan /patrishon/ @ », 1 hise- member of
`the ancient Roman nobility 2 aristocrat. ® adj,
`aristocratic; well-bred.
`(pL snes) prop-
`+ patri-mo-ny /patrimonec/ a.
`erty inherited from one’s father or ancestor.
`On pat-timno' nisal adj.
`-
`partri-ot /paytreest, -ot/ mn. person who is de-
`voted to and ready ta suppor or defend his: -
`or her country. oo partrieot’ie /-reestik/ addy.
`partri-ot’ Pealely adv. pa’tri-ortism 7.
`partrol /patrdl/ e 2, 1 act of walking or travel-
`
`ing around an area in order to protect or super-,
`vise it. 2 guards, police, trocps,ete., sent our to
`watch or protect. « (partrofled, partrol-ling)
`1m carry out a patrol of, 2 im. act as a patrol,
`o patrol car police car used in patrolling roads
`and streets. oo partrol’ler x,
`patrolman /potrélmen/ ».
`(pi,
`-men) police
`officer assigned to or patrolling a specific route,
`pa-trom/paytran/ n.
`(fem. pactron-ess} 1 per-
`son who gives financial or other support to
`a person, causc, work of art, etc. 2 habitual
`customer.a patron saint protecting or guiding
`saint of a person, place, etc.
`patronage ./patranij/ #.
`Ipatron’s or cus-
`tomer’s support. 2 a power to appoint others to
`governmentjobs. h distrivution of such jobs.
`patronize /paytraniz, pat-/ wim 1 treat conde-
`sceridingly. 2 act as a patron coward (a person,
`sause, arust, tc.}; support; encourage. 3 be a
`customer of. oo patreneieza’ton x. pa’tronsize
`ern. patromizeing ad). pa‘tron-iz-ing-ly ade.
`patrownym-le /patronimik/ n. name derived
`from the namé of a father or ancestor, cg.,
`Johnson, O’Brien, Ivanovich.
`Ratesy /pitsee/ #. (pf. -sies) person who is de-
`ceived, ridiculed, tricked, ete.
`Patter /pator/ @. 2. intr make a rapid succes-
`sion of taps.
`2, rapid succession of taps, short
`light steps, etc.
`Patier® /patar/ © #, rapid speech used by a co-
`- Median or salesperson. e w #2 tall glibly or
`mechanically.
`.
`pat-tern /patorn/ @ #, Ldecorative design. 2
`regular or logical form, order, etc. 3 model or
`design,e.g., ofa garment, from whichcopies can
`be made. 4 exampleof excellence; ideal; model
`{a pattern ofelegance}. @ vir, 1 model (a thing)
`on a design, etc. 2 decorate with a pattern.
`Ratety /patec/ n. (pt. -ties) small flat cake offood.
`
`y /pawsitec/ #. smallness of number or
`quantity.
`paunch fpawnch/ 7. 1hbelly or stomach, esp,
`when prottuding. 2ruminant’s frst stomach;
`Tamen. oo paunch’y ad). Cpaunch-i-ey, pach
`Fest). paunch’ness x,
`Pauper /pawper/ 2. person without means; heg-
`gar. oo pau’perism /-rizom/ 2. pau’perize v.27,
`bau-perisza tion /-tizaysh’n/ 7,
`pause /pawz/ @ 7. temporary stop; silence. &
`wie: Imake a pause; wait. 2 linger over (a
`word, etc. }.
`fave /payy/ wim cover (a strect, Door, etc.)
`with paving, etc, a pave the way for preparefor.
`oo pav’er 7. paving 3.
`pavesment /payymoent/ n. paved path, roadway,
`ete.
`:
`,
`pavilion /pavilyon/ 1. 1 tent, esp. a large one
`_ ata show,fair, etc. 2 building or stand used for
`entertaimenis, exhibits, ete. 3 detached build-
`ing that is part of a connected set ef buildings,
`as at a hospital.
`Pavlo-vican /pavloveeon/ adj. of or relatingto
`IL. P. Pavlovor his work, esp. on conditioned
`reflexes,
`paw /paw/ © 7». 1 foot.ofan animal having claws
`or nails. 2 callog. person’s hand.» wv Im strike
`or scrape with ‘a paw or foot. 2 imm scrape the
`- ground with a paw or hoof. 3m collog. fondle
`awkwardly or indecently,
`Bewl /pawl/ ». lever with a catch for the teeth
`of a wheel or bar,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pawn! /pawn/ x. I Chess piece of the smallest
`size and value. 2 person used by others for their
`own purposes.
`pawn? /pawn/ eo vm Ideposit an abject, esp.
`with a pawnbroker, as security for money lent,
`pledge or wager.o x. object left as security
`for money, ete., lent.
`pawarbrelter /pawnbroker/ 2. person who lends
`money at interest on the security of personal
`preperty pawned. on pawn’ beoketig x.
`Pawnee /pawnee, paa-/#. 1 a-N. American peo-
`ple native to Kansas and Nebraska. 6 member
`ofthis people. 2 language of this people.
`pawneshag /pdwnshop/ 7. pawnbroker’s shop.
`Pawpaw /pawpawlin, (also pa’ paw) N. Ameri-
`can tree with purple flowers and ediblé fruit.
`pay /pay/ © wm {pass and pas: pari. paid {pay-
`di) 1 (also aésol.) give (a person, etc.) what
`is due for services done, goods received, debts
`incurred, etc. 2 give {a sum) for work done, 2
`debt,etc. 2 a give, bestow, or express. h make {a
`visit). 4 (also absol.) be profitable or advanta-
`geous. 5 reward or punish. 6 let out (a rope) by
`slackeningit.9 2, wages, © adj. requiring pay-
`ment of a coin, a set fee, etc., for use, o in the
`pay of employed by. pay back 1 repay. 2 punish
`or be tevenged on. pay dirt 1 Adimerad. ground
`worth working for ore. 2 financiaily promising
`situation, payolf 1 dismiss (workers) with a firial
`payment. 2 celleg. yield good results; succeed.
`3 pay (a debt) in full. pay phome coin-operated
`telephone. oo -payree /payee/ ». pay’ er x.
`pay Middle English (in the sense ‘pacify’):
`from Old Frenchpate (noun), payer (verb),
`from Latin pacare ‘appease; from pax, pac-
`‘peace? The notionof‘payment’ arose from.
`the sense of ‘pacifying’ a creditor,
`payable
`/paysbel/ adj. that must or may be
`paid; due.
`payday /payday/ x. day onwhich salary orwages
`are paid.
`payload /paylad/ ». 1 part of anaircraft’s load
`from whichrevenueis derived, aspayingpassen-
`gers! 2 explosive warhead carried by an aircraft
`or rocket,
`Bpayemas-ter /paymaster! x, official who pays
`troops, workers, ete.
`.
`Payment /paymoent/ n. 1 act or an instance of
`paying. 2 amountpaid, 3 reward; recompense.
`pay-off/payawi/x.sf. 1 act ofpayment.2 climax.
`3 final reckoning. 4 co#og. bribe; bribery.
`pay-o-ta /paydla/ 2. bribe offered in return for
`unofficial promotion of a product, etc., in the
`media.
`~
`pay-rell /payrdl/ 7, list of employees receiving
`regular pay.
`Pb syieh Chem. lead.
`PBS abbr. Public Broadcasting Service.
`PC abbr. I personal computer. 2 politicelly cot-
`fect.
`PCB abbr. 1 Computing printed circuit board. 2
`Cham, polychlorinated biphenyl, any of several
`toxic aromatic compounds formed as waste in
`industrial processes.
`PCP 7. 1 si. illicit hallucinogenic drug, phency-
`clidine hydrochloride (phenyl cyclohexylpiperi-
`dine}. 2 pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
`
`pawa ~ pearl
`
`439
`met. abbr. percent.
`PE abbr. Police Departrnent.
`Pdi sand. Chem. palladium,
`pel. abbr paid.
`PDT abbr Pacific Daylight Time.
`,
`E abbr physical education.
`pea /pee/ x. 1 hardy climbing plant, with seeds
`growing in pods and used for food. 2 its seed.
`peace /pees/ iv, 1a quiet; tranquillity. b mental
`calm; serenity (peace of ind), 2 freedom fom
`or the cessation of war. 3 freedom frown civil
`disorder. o hold one’s peace keep silent. peace ~
`Bipe tobacco pipe smoked as a token of peace
`among some Native Americans.
`.
`pedee-atale {peesebal/ adj. 1 disposed to peace,
`2tranquil; peaceful. on peace’acble-ness 7.
`peace’achly adv.
`peaceful
`/peesiGGl! adj.
`1 characterized by
`peace;
`tranquil, @net
`infringing
`peace.
`on peace’fully ado. peace’fulness 7.
`peacematver /peesmaykor/ #.* person who
`brings about peace. 00 peace’makeing 1. & adj.
`Peacertinie /peestim/ 7. period when a country
`is NOt at war.
`poach/peech/7. 1a round iuicyfruit with downy
`cream or yellow skin flushed with red. biree
`bearing it. 2 yellowish pink color of, 3 coflag. a
`person or thing of superlative quality. b often
`offers. atiractive young woman. oo peach’y adj.
`(peachirer, peach-i-est), peach’ieness 7.
`pemeeck /peckok/ #2, male peafowl, having bril-
`liant plumage and an erectile fanlike tail Gwith
`~“eyelike markings}.
`peafowl /pecfowl/ x. peacock or peahen.
`peahen /pechen/ 2. female peafowl.
`penfack-st/pee jakir/ (also pea’ coat) 2. sailor’s
`short double-breasted woolen overcoat.
`peak! /peek/ @ 2.
`I projecting ‘usu. pointed
`part, esp.: a the pointed top of a mountain. ba
`mountain with a peak. ¢ stiffbrim at the front of
`a cap. 2 ahighest point. b time of greatest sue-
`cess, & vdnir. reach the highest value, quality,
`etc. wo peaked adj. peak’i-mess x.
`peak? /peek/ v.zmur. 1 waste away. 2 (as peaked
`fpeekid/ adj.) pale; sickly.
`peal /peel/ @ 7. Lathe loud ringing of a bell
`oz belis, esp. a series of changes. b set of bells,
`2 loud repeated sound,esp. of thunder, laugh-
`ter, etc. @ 7 Lite sound forth ima peal. 2m
`utter sonorously. 3m: ring (bells) in peals,
`peanut /peenut/ 1. i leguminous plant, bear-
`ing pods that ripen underground and contain
`seeds used as food and yielding oil. 2 seed of
`this plant. 3 (in pi.) colog. paltry or urivial thing
`or amount, esp. ofmoney, 0 peanut butter paste
`of ground roasted peanuts.
`_ paar /pair/ x.
`lyellowish or brownish green
`fleshy fruit, tapering towerd the stalk. 2 tree
`bearing it.
`pearl /parl/ e x. 1a (often azrib.) usu. white or
`bluish gray hard mass formed within the shell
`of certain oysters highly prized as a gem for
`its iuster {pearl xecklace). b imitation ofthis, 2
`precious thing; finest example. 3 anything re-
`sembling a pearl, e.g., a dewdrop, tear, etc.
`* «. im. fish for pearl oysters. oc pearer x.
`pear’ly adj.
`
`3
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