Best Seller.Over 450,000 Sold
`
`_4
`
` Petitioners Microsoft Corporation and HP Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. Cover-1
`
`The Official Dictionary
`of Telecommunications,
`Neraeladiac mecleCmuirem Gaeilos
`
`CVaaCapa asele
`
`Petitioners Microsoft Corporation and HP Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. Cover-1
`
`

`

`
`
`
`personal website: www.HarryNewton.com
`business web site: www.Technologylnvestor.com
`
`All rights reserved underInternational and Pan-American Copyright conventions,
`including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereofin any form whatsoever.
`
`Published by CMP Books
`An imprint of CMP Media Inc,
`Converging Communications Group
`12 West 21 Street
`New York, NY 10010
`
`For individual or quantity orders
`CMP Books
`6600 Silacci Way Gilroy, CA 95020
`Tel: 1-800-500-6875 or 1-408-848-5296
`Fax:408-848-5784
`Email: cmp@rushorder.com
`Web:www.cmpbooks.com
`Distributed to the booktrade in the U.S. and Canada by
`Publishers Group West
`1700 Fourth St., Berkeley, CA 94710
`Phone: 510-528-1444
`ISBN Number 1-57820-069-5
`
`February 2001
`
`Seventeenth Edition
`
`Matt Kelsey, Publisher
`Christine Kern, Manager
`Ray Horak, Managing Editor
`Omar Mirabel, Cover Artist
`DanelRoldan, Inside Layout Artist
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`Von Hoffmann Graphics
`Owensville, MO 65066
`
` .
`
`Le
`—_
`a
`Petitioners Microsoft Corporation and HP Inc.- Ex. 1008, p. Cover-2
`
`Petitioners Microsoft Corporation and HP Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. Cover-2
`
`

`

`
`
`NEWTON’s
`TELECOM
`DICTIONARY
`
`The Official Dictionary of Telecommunications
`Networking and Internet
`
`
`
`p
`
`i jL
`
`||
`
`{
`
`STAY INFORMED
`
`o be alerted by email to updates and corrections
`go to www.cmpbooks.com/newton
`
`Petitioners Microsoft Corporation and HP Inc.- Ex. 1008,p. Cover-3
`
`Petitioners Microsoft Corporation and HP Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. Cover-3
`
`

`

`Help Make Th's Dictionary
`Even Better
`
`by Harry
`Newton
`
`love this industJy.
`I love writing
`this dictionary.
`My wife says "Come
`on. 20 years
`is enough,
`already.
`I'm
`sick of seeing
`your back bobbing
`up and down as you get excited
`by yet another
`concept,
`another
`idea,
`another
`invention,
`another
`word.
`How many words
`can you keep adding?
`... Get a life."
`Sorry,
`wife,
`I love
`doing
`this. I'll
`keep updating
`this dictionary
`until
`I die and then,
`my poor children
`will take over,maybe
`...
`well,
`that's
`their problem.
`
`I
`
`I wrote
`this book for those
`of us turned
`on by this wonderful
`industry,
`for those
`of desperately
`trying
`to
`keep up, for those
`of us new to this industry
`and for those
`of us who simply
`want a respite
`from life
`for a
`few moments.
`Dip into this book.
`Dig around.
`You'll
`find something
`interesting,
`something
`you didn't
`know,
`something
`irrelevant,
`something
`relevant,
`something
`amusing,
`something
`warming.
`If I have fun writing
`this dictionary,
`you should
`have fun reqding
`it.
`
`I'm adding,
`updating, expanding
`and fixing
`l 00 words
`a week.
`Still,
`neither
`Ray Horak,
`who's
`the absolute
`best technical contributing
`editor
`ever,
`nor I can keep up. So I beg you. If I'm missing
`a definition,
`or if a
`definition
`is unclear
`or, God forbid,
`wrong,
`please
`email
`me. Harry_Newton@HarryNewton.com.
`
`I'm also looking
`for corporate
`glossaries
`and dictionaries
`-not ones that just have your company's
`prod­
`ucts,
`nor ones that are secret,
`but ones with generic
`definitions
`of the specialized
`technical
`areos
`your com­
`pany plays
`in. I love emailed
`glossaries.
`Please
`don't
`send lists
`of acronyms.
`There
`are more stupid
`acronyms
`in this world
`than Carter
`had liver
`pills.
`If I included
`all the ones I get sent,
`this poor dictionary
`would
`be 5,000
`pages
`long.
`Each acronym
`would
`have at least
`five different
`meanings
`-which
`would
`be totally
`useless
`cause
`you'd
`never
`know what one meant.
`So no acronyms,
`please.
`Pretty
`please.
`
`If you send me a glossary
`or several
`new, legitimate
`(not made-up)
`definitions
`I can use, I'll
`reward
`you
`with a free copy of the next edition.
`Please
`send me your street
`address.
`I can't
`send 1,000-page
`paper
`dictionary
`to email
`addresses.
`We aren't
`there,
`yet.
`
`By the way, check
`out my new venture
`- Harry
`Newton's
`Technology
`Investor
`Newsletter
`-
`www.Technologylnvestor.com.
`
`-�1\/�
`
`Hor1Y_Newton@HorryNewton.com
`Harry
`Newton
`205 West 19 Street
`New York,
`NY 10011
`212-206-7140
`Fax 209·797-9540
`www.HorryNewton.com
`
`Petitioners Microsoft Corporation and HP Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. i
`
`

`

`1Where'
`s it all coming from:
`
`2. The Increasing
`Digitization.
`
`3. The Increasing
`Packetizing
`of Everything.
`
`by Harry
`Newton
`
`·where
`The Telecom,
`Networking,
`Fiber,
`Internet,
`·Web Explosion
`Is Taking
`Us
`ooards,
`"Free
`Money"
`and "High
`Speed
`Internet
`Access."
`Guess
`which
`one would
`get
`'No other industry
`is exploding
`as fast as the one we're
`in -whatever
`you cal telecom-
`mobbed?
`The High Speed
`Internet
`Access.
`'Everyone
`wanls
`high-speed
`Internet
`Access.
`'' municalions,
`ne1Working,
`fiber optics,
`the Internet
`and the World
`Wide Web. No indus-
`Demand
`for fast,
`reliable
`communications
`has bare�
`been scratched
`anywhere
`in the
`f ITy is delivering
`as many benefils as this one. No induslly
`is creating
`as many opportuni-
`world.
`My travels
`in the past year to Asia,
`Australia
`and Europe
`confirm
`this.
`Everyone
`asks
`. l �:lies as these industries
`are. No industry.is
`creating
`wealth
`as fast as this incredible
`industry
`is
`me "When
`will we get high speed
`Internet
`access
`in our homes
`and in our offices?"
`�1-orwhateverit's
`now called. �you're
`an investor
`you MUST join me on my new venture,
`' Harry
`Newton's
`Technology
`Investor
`Newsletter.
`www.Technalogylnvestor.com.
`This is relatively
`old, but speeding
`up. We started
`dig­
`itizing
`phone
`conversations
`30 years
`ago for 1Wo basic
`reasons:
`First,
`it improved
`their
`qua�
`ity.
`You were no longer
`amplifying
`the crud (static
`and noise)
`that long distance
`analog
`Communications
`traffic
`worldwide
`is exploding
`-wired
`and wireless.
`It{ I I. The Demand.
`calls
`picked
`up. With digital,
`you regenerated
`the calls.
`You recreated
`them like new.
`fB Data and voice.
`Video
`and Music.
`Traffic
`on the·lnternet
`is doubling
`every
`100 days.
`Digitization
`made cross-world
`calls
`sound
`as clear
`as cross-office.
`Second,
`digitization
`make
`i}ilhete'II
`be one billion'
`people
`on the Internet
`by 2005.
`The demand
`is coming
`from every-
`the whole
`process
`cheaper.
`Digital
`componenlly
`is cheaper,
`and getting
`cheaper
`day by
`. ti, 1 where
`-ecommerce,
`video,
`Internet
`radio,
`employee
`collaboration,
`business
`to business,
`day.
`i 1 business
`to consumer,
`etc. The traffic
`is coming
`on landlines
`and on wireless.
`It's
`coming
`� S :on cell phones
`and on PDAs. It's
`coming
`on DSL and cable
`modems.
`We're
`"wiring"
`the
`A packet
`ne1Work
`is a lot more efft
`f I world.
`Today
`-even ofter the huge growth
`in Internet
`usage
`in the last few years
`-
`dent than a circuit
`switched
`one. Packet
`ne1Works
`"squeeze"
`zillions
`of conversations
`onto
`' • more people
`are actual�
`gabbing
`away on cell phone
`ne1Works
`than are surfing
`the
`one line.
`Circuit
`switched
`ne1Works
`have one conversation
`per line.
`Packet
`ne1Works
`are
`•'Internet.And
`now they're
`surfing
`the Web on cell phones
`u�ing
`WAP and 802-1
`lG wire-
`. less ne1Works,
`cheaper,more
`efficient.
`The Internet
`is packet
`switched.
`The dial-up
`telephone
`ne1Work
`is
`and maybe
`soon Bluetooth.
`Ubiquitous,
`universal
`high-speed
`quality com-
`circuit
`switched.
`Now you know why everything
`-including
`voice
`telephone
`calls
`-are
`•munications
`have created
`the "virtual"
`corporation,
`with mobile
`employees
`carrying
`lop-
`switching
`to packet
`ne1Works-
`private
`lntranets
`and the public
`Internet.
`It's
`much,
`much
`tops, cell phones
`and 1Wo-way pagers.
`This has led to a huge growth
`in virtual
`private
`net­
`cheaper
`to coll
`my sister
`in Australia
`over the Internet
`than over the nonnal
`switched
`phone
`works,
`fueling
`more demand.
`Every
`business
`in the industrialized
`world
`has set up their
`ne1Work.
`About
`half as'expensive.
`1 own Web site
`-peddling
`and servicing
`their
`wares
`and buying
`their
`own raw materials
`I over the Internet.
`More and more businesses
`are convinced
`they won't
`survive
`unless
`they
`The excitement
`centers
`on the dramatically
`improving
`price-per­
`; have o Web site.
`More and more are convinced
`there
`are billions
`to be saved
`by having
`formance
`of fiber
`optics
`(switching
`and transmission),
`digital
`signal
`processors
`and the
`; suppliers
`bid against
`each other
`online,
`using
`the Internet.
`They're
`right.
`high-speed
`routers
`of the Internet,
`now switching
`terabits
`of information
`each second.
`Fiber
`is amazing.
`No one knows
`how much capacity
`you can pump down one single
`fiber
`strand.
`...
`. I My phone
`company
`tells
`me their
`average
`"phone"
`call,
`when it was a voice
`call,
`was three
`In labs,
`we've
`sent 3,000,000,000,000
`bils per second
`(three
`trillion
`bits per second)
`! minutes.
`Now it's
`an hour.
`I put a cable
`modem into my house.
`It's 30 times
`as fast as
`down a fiber
`strand
`a little
`thicker
`than one strand
`of your hair.
`The speed
`is totally
`awe­
`I: my previous dial-up
`and 1Wice as fast as my previous
`DSL and virtually
`as fast as the T-1
`some.
`A trillion
`bits per second
`(one million
`mnlion
`bits per second)
`is enough
`to carry
`the
`line in the office.
`Downloads
`,that used
`to take me hours
`now take minutes.
`My cable
`entire
`world's
`Internet.
`That's
`the entire
`world's
`Internet
`traffic
`on one strand
`of fiber
`not
`' I modem (thank
`you AOL Time Warner)
`is on all the time.
`It constantly
`brings
`me foxes,
`much thicker
`than a strand
`of your hair.
`lmagine,bringing
`a strand
`of fiber
`to your house.
`!i' voice
`mail,
`email
`and alerts
`me to incoming
`phone
`col�.
`I do my shopping
`on my cable
`The whole
`Internet
`could
`pass your door every second
`of every
`day ..
`·I modem.
`I listen
`to Internet
`Radio.
`My favorite
`radio
`station
`is Klossik
`Radio
`from Homburg,
`Telecom's
`three
`building
`blocks
`-fiber,
`DSPs and routers
`-are improving
`about
`ten
`; Gennany.
`Listen
`on http,:/
`/windows111edio.com/radiotuner/defoult.osp.
`It's
`great
`station.
`times
`faster
`in cost performance
`each year than computing's microprocessors
`and comput­
`1 Mwoys
`"up" music.
`Lols of music.
`No commercials.
`And mercifully
`little
`talking.
`I watch
`er memory
`-sificon
`or magnetic.
`Though
`computing
`improvements
`get national
`publicity,
`, ; my stocks
`on the Internet.
`I do my re�earch
`on them via my cable
`modem and the Internet.
`telecom's
`improvemenls
`are more impressive
`and faster.
`Telecom's
`annual
`cost-perform­
`1 I listen
`to conference
`calls
`when the executives
`report
`their
`resul15.
`I hear the onolysls
`ask­
`ance improvement
`blows
`away Moore's
`Law (defined
`under
`M) by a huge margin.
`ing probing
`(and occasionally
`rude).questions.
`lnear
`the answers.
`I read magazines
`and
`Computing's
`cost-performance
`improvements
`get the publicity.
`But telecom's
`win the race.
`1 • newspapers
`on the Internet
`via my cable
`modem and my home local
`area ne1Work.
`I talk
`· • •
`to my children
`on the Internet.
`My wife and I arrange
`our social
`life
`via the Internet.
`We
`Ten years
`ago, the telecom
`industry
`was entirely
`closed.
`Every
`•share
`each other's
`Microsoft
`Outlook
`Calendar
`... Cortection,
`she gels mine.
`I don't.
`see
`manufacturer
`had its own set of standards,
`proprietary
`to itself.
`You couldn't
`connect
`a
`he!S.
`My cable
`modem's
`lightning
`speed
`and ils immediacy-
`being
`on all the time�
`Siemens
`phone
`to an
`Ericsson
`switch,
`or a Lucent
`phone
`to Nortel
`PBX. Telecom
`standards
`has changed
`my life.
`It (and other
`high-speed
`Internet
`access,
`like DSL) will change
`yours.
`existed
`only at the very lowest
`levels
`-basic
`analog
`phone
`lines.
`A persevering
`bunch
`of
`pioneers,
`cblning
`chief�
`from the computer
`induslly,
`has pushed
`openings
`in the telecom
`Ne1Work
`speed
`is a narcotic.
`Stand
`on any New York City street
`comer
`with 1Wo sandwich
`industry,
`promulgating
`real,
`open standards
`that we can all use to build,
`Lego-style,
`new
`
`I
`
`4.The Hardware.
`
`•
`
`'
`
`5.New Standards.
`
`Petitioners Microsoft Corporation and HP Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. ii
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`6.New Government Aworeness Thot Competition Is Better Than
`
`
`
`
`
`7.New Startups. Telecommunications is the hottest place for venture
`
`l'
`
`"'I,
`
`
`
`
`
`8.Dramatically Fallng Prices.
`
`i l
`
`
`
`Monopoly.
`
`for digital cell phones all over Europe. Now irs moving to 63, with some heady ireless
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`telecom products. These pioneers work in a hodgirpodge of volunteer and semi-g_ov�rn­
`� • r
`
`data communications ability.
`
`
`
`
`
`ment bodies -from the ATM Forum to the Et;TF, from 60-MVIP to the rru-T, fro111 ANSI
`
`
`
`
`
`
`to the Internet Engineering Task Force and to private companies, from Microsoft to Intel,
`
`
`
`
`All the above brings dramatical� lower price . I men­
`
`
`from Cisco to Juniper Networks.
`
`
`
`pric of anyl�el ijSed to have the highe� international cafing
`
`
`tioned Germany's 91 % drop.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`As a result, there's been an explosion of new t:ltcom standards, defining everything from
`
`
`
`
`
`developed country. Then the go9emment iQ the late 1990s allowed in� hailciful of n corr�
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`telecom operating systems, to buses that carry voice inside and outside PCs, to new, cheap
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ers'. The criterion for getting a service permit was not financial, but simply how far u were
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ways of encoding voice digitally, to new high-speed lines, to new telecom "building block:
`
`
`
`
`
`prepared to drop your long distance and international prices. The carriers proposing
`l thowest
`
`
`software (called applications
`
`
`
`
`generators) and, of course, to IP Telephony -phone and'
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`possible prices won government approval. Within two weeks, international rates f Israel
`
`
`
`
`over the Internet or Internet-like networks. Open standards lead to low prices,
`fax calls
`
`
`
`ta the U.S. dropped 50%. By the end of the first year they hod dropped 94%. Israel uddenly
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`lower barriers to entry and quick creation of new products. All this leads to explosive
`
`
`
`became the center of international callback (see my definition).
`
`
`
`growth. We haven't seen nothing yet.
`
`
`
`
`
`This new telecom environment is driving radically new paradigms into on ersjle staid
`
`industry. Among them:
`
`
`
`
`The telecom industry has historically,been closed -closed in architecture,
`tcheap.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`•Because of fiber, long distance end international calling are becoming incredibl
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`closed to new suppliers, closed to new entrants. Telecom users have been mauled by high
`
`
`
`
`
`
`As the world is increasingly fibered up, costs will continue to plummet. Communica ons WJ11
`
`
`
`
`
`
`monopoly prices, typically those set by government phone companies. No longer. An exam­
`
`
`
`
`
`be postalized -one low-price wherever you call. Soon we'll pay $25 a month nd call
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ple: A year after Germany deregulated its long distance calling, prices within Germany had
`Flatf te �ql�
`
`
`
`
`
`anywhere in the world and speak as long as we want, as often as we want.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tdropped by 91%. That's a major drop! The United States d&-regulated in the late 1960s
`
`
`
`
`
`ing everywhere for voice and data. One day we'll all be connected at high spee to the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`and 1970s. Canada followed quickly. Israel and Australia deregulated in 1997. Europe de­
`
`
`
`
`Internet all the time on whatever device we choose -our PC, our home LAN, o r pqqne
`
`
`regulated in Jan�ary, 1998.
`emaill Instant
`
`
`
`
`(wired or wireless), our PDA, our TV set. On The Net All The Time. Instant
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Governments everywhere are waking to two powerful realizations: First, globalization is
`
`
`
`
`
`
`news. Over the air TV brought us 5 channels. (.ATV (cable TV) brought us 50. Sa�llite JV
`
`
`
`
`the most powerful economic force in the world today. Ignore it at your peril. Second, tele­
`
`
`
`
`
`
`brought us 500. Internet TV (movies on demand) will bring us 50,000. People
`rll live
`
`
`
`
`
`
`com is economic infrastructure. Companies and business go where globalization is friend­
`
`
`and work where they choose. Just as I do.
`I
`
`
`
`
`
`
`liest and infrastructure is strongest. You can't have a modern development-friendly infra­
`ton and
`
`
`
`
`
`•Wireless will get more interesting. Wireless has exploded because of digitiza
`
`
`
`
`structure and have a modern society when you have one bloated, glacial, government-run
`
`
`
`
`
`
`digital techniques that enabled providers to cram many many times the number f users
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`phone company charging ten times what phone companies a mile across the border charge.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`into the same sliver of bandwidth. Virtua11y all of today's wireless "conversations• re voice
`
`
`And you can't limit your entire country's telecommunications purchases to two or three
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`-people speaking to each other. But tomorrow, most wireless "conversations will be
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`gigantic, favored, cumbersome suppliers (as Europe, Japan and Australia had historical�
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`data, as people send each other messages, receive stock quotes, and surf the nternei.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`done). Within a few years, "European and Japanese telecom should be as open as and as
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Essentially a wireless phone is a far better business tool than a wired phone and1a wired
`
`
`
`
`
`cheap as North America is today. Then come India and China, also opening up.
`
`
`
`PC. You can get in touch with your customers. They can get in touch with you, n)matter
`
`
`
`
`
`f voicethe aggravafion asessible wireless p��ne obsoletes
`
`where you are. A functioning
`
`
`
`
`
`No industry in the world -neither software nor petroleum -can match the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`mail. Wireless is easier to deploy. Load a Coke machine with a cell phone. It can II when
`
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`incredible profitability of the zero-marginal-cost telephone or Internet carrier. If I call from
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`it's empty. It can raise prices when the temperature rises. Deploying a Coke machine with
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`New York to California, my cart costs my supplier -AT&T, WorldCom, Qwest or whoev­
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`a cell phone is a lot faster than waiting for a'iandline to be installed. Wireless ha� along
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`er -basicallfnothing. All my carrier's costs are fixed. Other than the cost of billing me
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`way to go. I'm always comforted by the fact that there's far more spectrum waititg to be
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`for my call,' my carrier inti/rs no marginal cost for carrying my 3,000 mile call. Telecom is
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`used than is presently used. The lack of wireless spectrum is o myth. And I've se a tiny
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`an incredible bOsiness. Even the oil business incurs variable costs. It must drag its raw mate­
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`color screen in a cell phone chat has the resolution fo a pc screen (480x640 oon all
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`rials out of the ground and schlepp it to markets across the world. That costs labor, fuel
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`phones will be movie cameras
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`and depreciation on tankers. Then it must be refined.
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`• Telecom switching hardware will go through the same mainframe-!o-client/s�rve �C rey­
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`Nobody to this day knows how many voice conversations or how much information of all
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`olution that the compu1er industry went throu.9h in the past 20 years -with one bi! \Jilfer­
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`we can put down a single strand of fiber. Read Jhe incredible developments in my
`kinds
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`ence: The telecom industry will skip the minkomputer generatio11, In telecom, we re very
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`definition of DWDM -Dense Wave Division Multiplexing. Add more photonics and elec­
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`dose to the ll central office inside the PC." As competition a rd new iechnology arrives, e ti me
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`at the end. Put more calls down the fiber. More electronics. Coming soon: Photonic
`tronics
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`to mmket new telecom features will drop from three years to three weeks." As teleph ne cen­
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`switching. More calls. More opportunities. No one knows what voice and video marvels the
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`tral offices move to shoe box size, so each desk will become its own central office, �ith ind�
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`Internet can deliver. Large images, animation, moving 3D graphics, movies on demand are
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`vidual telecom customization opportunities beyond anyone wildest imagination. De day
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`about to proliferate on the Internet. We'll need more and more telecom bandwidth. Smart
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`everyone's telephone system will be qs personal as their PC. Tefephone software wm avai�
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`engineers are leaving big, sluggish telecom manufacturers in droves and starting new com­
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`able for downloading from the Internet or bu�ng shrinkwrapped from your local Wal art.
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`panies. There already are hundreds of "new telecom• millionaires. Germany and France
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`•Voice, fax, imaging and video will migrate to and join data in one common IP etwork
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`have recently dropped their taxation rates, encouraging entfepreneurs Germany now allows
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`-the Internet end the corporate Intranet (the corporate equivalent of the--rntem ►. This
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`its call centers to stay open 24hrs/day, seven days a week. The European Union is now
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`will drive telecommunications pricing further down, add feaiures and new ca bilities
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`375 million people. A another 60 million people are being added in the next few years,
`spac1 silnn1c
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`(bandwidth on demarra ta the home, follow-me-find-me, etc.), It will shrink
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`with new country admissions. Silicon Fen, in Cambridge, England is now the second largest
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`time and vastly expand (and improve) every aspect of human endeavor, -from r,emote
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`venture capital market in the world. Soon, there will be dozens more Silicon Fens spring­
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`ta high defijtion' TV
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`education to business telecommuting, from remote medical diagnosis
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`ing up all over Europe. And coming soon, 63. Europe did a spectacular job, standardizing
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`capital.
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`Petitioners Microsoft Corporation and HP Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. iv
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`

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`How This .Dictionary .Is Organized
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`How The Dictionary Spells
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`What Style This 'Dlcilonary Follows
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`entertainment, from massive multi-user gaming adventures to serious understanding of our
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`n�ighbors' failings (my tiny hope for world peace).
`My definitions are a combination ASCII / alphabetical order. Definitions containing non-let·
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`i Ecommerce will explode.
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`Who would h□ve'im□gined the 1992-1995 phenomenon
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`ters -like @, #, / and numbers -are in ASCII order. Definitions with real letters are
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`in alphabetical order. I use ASCII because it gives order to hyphens, periods, forward slash­
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`ch prodl!ced the democratization and commercialization of the Internet? Who could
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`es, numbers, etc. Here is the order you'll find in this dictionary:
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`e imagined prime time 1V showing www Web site addresses to the great unwashed
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`erican public on prime time lV. Whd could have imagined dot com companies spending
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`Blank Space = ASCII
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`=ASCII 53
`32 5
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`$� million a spot on the Super Bowl. How easy mainstream America has accepted www
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`= ASCII 33 6
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`= ASCII 54
`□adresses.
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`= ASCII 35 7
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`=ASCII 55
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`�is Internet happening is, I believe, as important to the dissemination of knowledge and
`& (Ampersand)
`= ASCII 38
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`= ASCII 56
`8
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`andour ifestv!es as theJnvention of the Gutenberg Press was in 1453. The Internet
`❖nging
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`· (Hyphen or dash)= ASCII 45 9
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`= ASCII 57
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`are 5,000 shops -five years old. Physical 1e Web as a buying mechanism is immature
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`.'(Period)= ASCII 46 : (colon) =ASCII
`58
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`y�ors old. Even coll centers ore older (and more mature). As ecommerce matures in the next
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`/ (Forward slash)= ASCII
`47 ; (semi
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`colon) = ASCII 59
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`few years, it will become a totally pleasurable experience (it isn't at present), edpsing in emo­
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`48 A ( capital Al = ASCII 65
`0 (zero) =ASCII
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`�n and excitement anything physical shops hove ever delivered. We'll have avatars-per·
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`= ASCII 49 Capital letters to ASCII 90
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`S<lnol shoppers. We'll have web sites personalized to our needs. We'll have 3D movies of dis­
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`c!ASCll 50 ) (back slash) = ASCII 92
`2
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`tqnt vocation spas we're interested in visiting. We'll have access to all the information about
`case letters =ASCII 51 t Lower
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`3
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`tile products and services we' re interested in -not the smatterings that ore on today's Web.
`4
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`= ASCII 52 start with a
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`=ASCII 97
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`f will Jnke time (and bandwidth). But the journey will be unbelievably
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`rewarding, exciting and
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`b bbling with serious business arid personal opportunities.
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`This revolution will change the way we work more than any other. The industrial revo­
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`My dictionary conforms to American spelling. To convert American spelling to British and
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`hJtion brought us into the city. But its primary by-products-the automobile and the high­
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`Canadian spelling typically requires adding a second •L" in words like signaling,and dialing
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`way-delivered pollution, downtown decay, U'rban crime and other unwanted problems.
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`(they're American) and changing "Z" in words like analyze to analyse. Center in American
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`T�e low-energy, non-polluting •telecom" revolution is different. It gives each of us the
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`is Center. In Brit□in,'Europe, Australia and Conada:�rs Centre.'This diction□� contains more
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`opportunity to live where we choose -downtown Detroit, in the mountains of Colorado,
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`British, Australian and European words than my previous editions -a result of several
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`overseas lecture tours. ""
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`of in Sri Lanka, where Arthur Clarke (inventor of t)ie geosynchronous satellite) lives. More
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`of us will telecommute. By the end of the year 20bO, over 50% of Americans wnl not work
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`out of conventional offices. They'll wor� out of their homes, their cars, their RVs, their
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`•hbtels and their temporary offices.
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`All high-tech industries make up new words by joining words together. They typically start
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`by putting two words next to each' other. Later, they join them with a hyphen. Then, with
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`This telecom revolution gives our cousins overseas grand new opportunities. As telecom calling
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`age and familiarity, the hyphen'tends to disappear. An example: Kinder garten. Kinder­
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`costs �ummet, the industrial world will export its service jobs, just as it exported its manufac­
`qarten.
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`garten. and now Kinder
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`turing jobs. U.S. airlines will answer their calls from U.S. customers in India, Nepal, China. A�
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`ready, Microsoft, HP and Swissoir hove call centers in Indio and answer calls from customers
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`Sometimes it's 'b matter of personal choice. Some people spell database as one word. Some as
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`in North America. They're already colring the Indian city of Hyderabad-Cyberbad.
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`two, i.e. data base. I preferit as o�e, since it hos acquired tts own logic by now. Sometimes ifs
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`a m□�rof how it looks, I prefer T-1 (f-aie), notTl,'simp� because T-1 is easier to recogrize
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`I.wish I were 30 years younger. The next 20 years in this -the most fantastic of all
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`on paper. I define co-locqtton as co-location. Websters spells itcofocotion, with two Ls, one more
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`industries -will be total� incredible. Adjectives can't describe the excitement I feel.
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`argue with me. And Mr. Webster is dead. He can't than mine. I think {Tline is more logical.
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`Plurals give trouble. The plural of PBX is PBXs, not PBX's. The plural of PC is PCs, not PC's, de­
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`This is a dictionary to work with every day. Companies give it to their new employees lo,
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`spite what the New York TI mes says. The Wall Street Journal and all the major computer mag·
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`bring them up the telecom and Internet learning curve. Salespeople include the definitions
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`□zines agree with. me. The plu'rlil possessive is PBXs' and PCs', which looks a little strange, but
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`in proposals to customers. Novices love it because it cuts through the clutter. Users explain
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`is correct. In thit dictionary, I spell the numbers one through nine. Above nine, I write the num·
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`telecom things to their 'boss. Management uses it to understand telecom technicalities.
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`to most magazines' style. bers'os ar□bic numeral10, 11; 12, etc. That conforms �, i.e.
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`Lawyers even use it in court. Sometimes they rely on,it. God help the justice system.
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`•Give my dictionary to your new employees, your users, your customers, your prospective
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`Sometimes the.experts don't even get it right. Take something as common as 1 OBosel Or is
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`it lOBase T? 1 OB□se-T thing is an IEEE standard. Sa you'd think they'd know. Forget it. Go to
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`customers, to your boss. Give it to your kids to let them understand what you do. They'll
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`their web site, www.ieee.org. You11 find as many htts for lOB□se-T os for lOB□seT. Ray and
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`I checked every known and unknown expert in the Western world CT.e. those lving within a
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`�,. understand why you, too, have no life.
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`, Most technical dictionaries define terms tersely, often in other technic� terms. As a result
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`block or two of Ray). We now believe the correct spelling is lOBosel
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`t. they leave you more confused. This dictionary is different, deliberately so. My definitions
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`Sometimes, I don't simply know. So I may listthe definition twice -once as two separate
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`t9II you what the term is, how it works, how you use it, what its benefits are, what its neg-
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`words and once as one complete word. As words and terms evolve,
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`I change them in each edi­
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`sound of things, and I occasionally scheme into the greater ,, otive$ are. I tell you how it fits
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`tion. I try to conform each new edition to "telecomese" and "lnternetese" as it's spoken and
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`warnings or issue buying checklists. And sometimes I include a few fun definitions -
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`written at that time.
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`main� to amuse myself, but hopefully to give you some pleasure. Skim. You'll find them.
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`�I
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`How To Use This Dictionary
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`,
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`,11
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`[]
`
`Petitioners Microsoft Corporation and HP Inc. - Ex. 1008, p. v
`
`

`

`i
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`'•
`
`How This Dictionary Handles Plurals I
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`Bits and Bytes per Second. All About Speed
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`Plurals give trouble. The plural of PBX is PBXs, not PBX's. The plural of PC is PCs, not P�'s,
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`Telecom transmission speed has confused many of my readeis. Read !his. I hope this will help:
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`despite what the New York Times says. The Wall Street Journal and all the major �om�ut­
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`The telecom and computerfiterature is loaded with references to Bps ond bps. You'll see 1hem
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`er magazines agree with me. The plural possessive is PBXs' and PCs', which looks a little
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`as Kbps or KBps, or Kbits/sec. You'll see them as Mbps or MBps. You'll see them as Gbps or
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`strange, but is correct. In this dictionaiy, I spell the numbeis one through nine. Above �ne,
`t I
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`GBps. Not much consistency. Let me explain:
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`I write the numbers as arabic numerals, i.e. 10, 11, 12, etc.
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`Fiist, k means Kilo or a thousand. M means mega or one mfllion. And g means giga, which is
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`There are no r�hts or wrongs in the spelling business, except that my dictionaiy is now the 1:or·
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`a thousand million, or 1,000,000,000. The term kbps means a thousand bits per second And
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`rectway of spelling telecom words. My dictionaiy is correct, because it's the biggest seller�by
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`thafs a telecom transmission term meaning that you're transmitting (and/or receiving)
`one
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`far). Lawyers use it in court. They get judgme,nts based on what's in my dictionaiy. Or l'{hat
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`thousand bits in one second.
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`was in my dictionaiy. They often call me and beg me for a ten-year old copy of my dictionbiy.
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`I always put an outrageous price on my "precious pe1SOnal libraiy" copies. Sometimes
`tey
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`term. And it usu­KBps (with a big B) means one thousand bytes per second. Thar s a computer
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`pay. Most times they don't. Cheaper people you'll rare¥ find. ,
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`aRy refers to speeds inside the computer, e.g. from your hard disk to your CPU (�ntral pro­
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`cessirYJ unit-your main microprocessor). There's a big difference between a bit and a byte.
`A or An? Here's The Logic
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`A byte is eight bits.
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`I admit my fallibility. This edition of this book is riddled with •a• when it should be J�n•
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`and "an• when it should be "o,." I've never been confused. I always believe •an• is sed
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`Thar s the way ifs meantto be:But, there's a lotofsloppywriting out there. You'll see MBps
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`before vowels, and •a• before consonants. Not so, says my friend, Jay Delmar, who dits
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`or MB/s also meaning