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`Intel v. ParkerVision
`IPR2020-01265
`Intel 1022
`
`

`

`Table of Contents
`
`I.
`
`Il.
`
`BACKGROUND........ccccssessssssesseceeeceeestessecsaecaeeeseescesaecaeeeasenenaeeaeeaeenneeeeeaeenes 1
`
`PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS........cceccecsssecsteeceseeseecseeceeeseeeseeseeeees 1
`
`Tl. MATERIAL CONSIDERED 1.00... ccecccssccesecseesscesecseeceeceeeeeesseeseeeaeenseeeeesaeeaes 3
`
`TV.
`
`LEGAL STANDARDS ...... ce eccesssssessesseceeeceeessesseeesecaeeceeeeeeeseceaeeaeenseseeesaeeats 5
`
`A.—_ODVIOUSTESS....... eee seeeeeeceesceeseeceeecsaeesaeeeseeeseeeseeeeceeacecaeeeaeeeseecsaeenaeenaeeeas 5
`
`B.
`
`“Means-plus-function” claim element. ............ccccsscsseesstecsseeeseeesneees 6
`
`V.
`
`LEVEL OF ORDINARYSKILL IN THE ART... ee eeceseeseeseeeeeseeeeeeeneess 8
`
`VI. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE TECHONOLOGY.........cccccccsscesseeeteeeeees 9
`
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`A.=Wired COMMUNICATIONS. 0.0.2... eeeeeeeeeseeseeeeseeeseceeeceeaceceeeeaeeeseecneeenaeenseeees 9
`
`B. Wireless communications. .............:cesccesscseeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesaeeseeeeseeeseeesaes 10
`
`
`
`C.——_FrQUeCY.0... ecesseecesssccecssececesseececsaneecssaeecessaceecssnsecssauecesseeeeseneeceaas 11
`
`
`
`DD.—-_—-UpP-COMVETSION...........ccessecsscecseecssececseccesauecsueecsuecseneessaeeeseeeeseeeeeauecsanes 11
`
`E.—»DOWN-CONVETSION.«0.0... .eeeessceseceeececeeeceeecaeeeaeesaceeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeaeeeaeeeneees 12
`
`VII. DETAILED TECHNOLOGY BACKGROUND..........:ccescsscsstesseeeeeeeeseesees 13
`
`A.—Radio frequency............c:cccsscesseecssscesnecssseeesaecesaeecsseeeseuecesaeecsaeeesneeesgs 13
`
`B.—Basic Circuit CONCEPUS. ..........cessecssecessnecsstcecseeccseeecseeesauecsseeeesaeeesneeesgs 16
`
`C.
`
`Integrated Circuits. .0........cccccesccesssecsscecseecssncecseeeeseeecseeeceuecseneeesaeeseneees 20
`
`D.—-Circuit diagrams. ...........:cccscccssecesseecseecesatecsseeecuecseneessaeesseeeeseeeeennecsaees 22
`
`E.—-Circuit COMPOMNEMAS.......... ce eeesecsstcecseecesetecsseeeceuecseeeessaeeeseeecseeeesnnecsanes 23
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`TYAMSIStOOLS.........ecceeceeeceseceecceeeceeeeecseecaeceaeseaeeeeeeeseeeseeeeeeeeaeeeseees 23
`
`CapacitOrs.........ccccccsssecssscecssecsseecssecesesecseeeecseecseseeesaeesseneeesaeessnees 24
`
`RESISCOL.......eeeeceeeesseesseesseeescceseceeecesececaeecaeeceeenaessaeeeaeesneeeeaeeeaeees 27
`
`

`

`4.
`
`Differential amplifier. .............cccccssecssscessecsseeesseeesseeecsseeeenecsenes 28
`
`Electrical load, high impedance loads and low impedanceloads.......29
`
`Signals; time domain and frequency domain representations of a
`SIQTIAL00... .sscesscccssccssscecsecceseeecseececsuecsensecuecsessecseeeeseeecseeesauecsenseeseesenneess 30
`
`F.
`
`G.
`
`H.
`
`Basebandsignals, carrier signals, modulation and up-conversion.....33
`
`I.
`
`J.
`
`K.
`
`L.
`
`T/Q Modulation..............cccccssccesssecessseceessscecssseecesssneecssseecsesseeesssnsecsseaees 35
`
`Demodulation..0.........cceecesscceseesccescceseceeeeeeaeecaeecseeesaeesseeseeseeeeeeeeneeeeaes 37
`
`TAMSCO1VEL. ooo... eeeeeeseescecssecseeeeseeesceeeceeeceseceeaeeeaeecaaesaessaeeneeeeeeenneesae® 37
`
`Direct conversion and intermediate frequencies. ...........ccccsscceesreeeeees 39
`
`M.=History of RF receivers. ..........cccccssscscssecsscecsecssececsseceseecsseeeesaeeesneeeees 4]
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`Heterodyne reCeiver..........:cccssccsssecssecesseecsseeecseeesseeecseeeesnessanes 42
`
`MUXCTS. 000... eeeecesccesccescceseceeseecaeecsaecsaecsaeeeaeeeseeeeeeseeeeeeeeaeeeseeeneees 44
`
`Sample-and-hold (voltage sampling)............csccssscssseessneeeseees 47
`
`Energy Sampling...........:cccscccssccsssecssecesseecssseesseeesseeeeseeesenecsanes 54
`
`VIL.
`
`ENERGY SAMPLING V. VOLTAGE SAMPLING.........:cceccsssssceseeeeeeeeeees 61
`
`IX.
`
`U.S. PATENT NO. 7,110,444 cc cecccccsessecseecceseessecsaeeeeseeeseeseecseeeeeesnessees 62
`
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`Thepatent discloses twofundamental different and competing
`SyStems for COWN-CONVETSION...........:cccssccesscecsseesseecsseeesseecsseeeeseeeseneees 70
`
`OVELVICW oo. eeeceecceesceececcecseecaecsseeseessneeaeeseeeeaeeeaeecaaesaessaeeseeeeeeeeneeesae® 62
`
`A.
`
`B.
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`Energy transfer (energy Sampling). ........::cccscccsscsssecsseeesnecseees 72
`
`Sample-and-hold (voltage sampling)............csccssscssseessneeeseees 77
`
`C.
`
`Prosecution history of the ’444 patent. 00.0.0... cccscsssessstecsseesseessneees 81
`
`CLAIM CONSTRUCTION........ccccsccssssscssecssecseecsceseeseecseeceeeeeesessaeeeeseesasens 83
`
`A.
`
`“storage clement” (Claim 3)..........ccccssecsscesssecsseeesseecssseesseeessneeeseneeaes 84
`
`

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`B.
`
`“frequency down-conversion module” (claim 3)..........:cccsscccsseesneeeees 85
`
`C.=“subtractor module” (claim 3).............csccssscecssecesseecsseeesseecseeeeeseeessneees 85
`
`XI.
`
`SECONDARY CONSIDERATIONS.........cccsccssssscssecseeceeeeeeeeesecseeeeeesnessees 86
`
`A
`
`B
`
`Long-felt need...........ccssecssscecssecsseecsecesseecseeeseuecseneeesaeeesseseseeesanecsanes 86
`
`Others tried and failed. 00... eee ecesscescceeeceeeeeceeceeeeseeeseeeeeeeeseeeneeeaes 87
`
`C.—-_Unexpected results. ..........cccescccssecssscecseecssneecseeeeseeecseeeesenecseneeeseeeseneees 87
`
`D
`
`E
`
`Copying and commercial SUCCESS. ........::ccsscecsscesseecsseeesseecssreeeseeessneees 91
`
`XII.
`
`INTEL’S PRIOR ART REFERENCES.........cccccccsscsscseseceeeeeseeeeeseeeeeseessees 92
`
`A.
`
`USS. Patent No. 6,230,000 to Tayloe (“Tayloe”)..........cccescecsscesneeeees 92
`
`B.—Texas Instruments Datasheet for SN74CBT3253 DUAL 1-OF-4 FET
`MULTIPLEXER/DEMULTIPLEXER(“TI Datasheet”’)..............04. 109
`
`Praise by Others. ..........cccccccssccssssecssecesseecssseecseecesseecseeeseuecseaeecsaeeesneecegs 90
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`U.S. Patent No. 4,985,647 to Kawada (“Kawada”’).........::cccscccsseeees 110
`
`XII. VALIDITY OF THE 7444 PATENT.00.....ceccceccesessceeeessecseeceeeseseeesaecaeeensens 111
`
`A.
`
` Tayloe does not render claim 3 invalid. ...........cccsscssstecsseeeseeesneees 111
`
`B.—The TI Datasheet and Kawadado notresolve the deficiencies with
`Tayloe.......ccccsscccsscecssecesssecssececseecssneecsaeessesecsaeessauecseeecuecseneeesaeeeeneecsgs 113
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`XIV. SUPPLEMENTATION..........ccccccssccssscssessceseesseceeeceeeeeessecsaeeeeeneeeseesaecaeeensens 114
`
`ili
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`I have personal knowledge of the facts set forth in this declaration and, if
`
`called to testify as a witness, would testify under oath as follows:
`
`I.
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`1.
`
`I have been retained as an expert on behalf of ParkerVision, Inc.
`
`(“ParkerVision”) in the above-captioned matter (IPR2020-01265).
`
`2.
`
`I have been asked by ParkerVision to provide my expert opinion
`
`regarding the validity of claim 3 of U.S. Patent No. 7,110,444 (“the ’444 patent”).
`
`For the reasons set forth below, it is my opinion that claim 3 of the ’444 patent is
`
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`classes in radio frequency circuit design. Specifically, I joined the Electrical
`
`valid.
`
`II.
`
`PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
`
`3.
`
`[am the Lampe Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer
`
`Engineering at North Carolina State University.
`
`4.
`
`I received my Bachelor of Engineering with Honors (B.E. Hons) and
`
`Ph.D.
`
`in Electrical Engineering from the University of Queensland, Brisbane,
`
`Australia, in 1976 and 1983 respectively.
`
`5.
`
`I was a pioneer in the modeling and simulation of nonlinear radio
`
`frequency and microwave circuits. To put this in perspective, the first commercial
`
`cellular phone became available in 1983, and in that same year, I began teaching
`
`Engineering Department at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North
`
`

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`Carolina, as a Visiting Assistant Professor in August 1983. I became an Assistant
`
`Professor in 1986 when the department was renamed the Department of Electrical
`
`and Computer Engineering. I have been promoted throughout the years, first
`
`becoming an Associate Professor in 1991, a Professor in 1996, a Named Professor
`
`in 2005, and a Distinguished Professor in 2010.
`
`6.
`
`During the 1990s,
`
`I began working very closely with the U.S.
`
`Department of Defense, and in particular with the U.S. Army,on radio frequency
`
`communications and advanced radio frequencycircuits. Between 1996 and 1998, I
`
`also worked as a consultant for Zeevo, Inc., a Silicon Valley-based provider of
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`semiconductor and software solutions for wireless communications.
`
`7.
`
`In 1999, I moved to the United Kingdom to become Professor and
`
`Director of the Institute of Microwaves and Photonics at the University of Leeds,
`
`one of the largest university-based academic radio frequency research groups in
`
`Europe. I held the Chair in Microwave and Millimetrewave Electronics. I also
`
`continued my work with the U.S. Army and worked with the European Office of the
`
`U.S. Army Research Office. I returned to the United States in 2000, resuming the
`
`position ofProfessor ofElectrical and Computer Engineering at North Carolina State
`
`University.
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`IV. LEGAL STANDARDS
`
`13.
`
`Iam not an attorney and | have not independently researched the law.
`
`ParkerVision’s counsel has explained certain legal principles to me that I have relied
`
`on in forming my opinionsset forth in this declaration. I have applied these legal
`
`principles in arriving at my opinionsexpressed in this declaration.
`
`A.
`
`Obviousness.
`
`14.
`
`I have been informed and understand that an invention cannot be
`
`patented if the subject matter as a whole would have been obviousto a person of
`
`ordinary skill in the art at the time of the invention. Also, I understand that while the
`
`prior art is compared to each claim on an element-by-element basis, the claimed
`
`invention as a whole must have been obviousto one of ordinary skill in order for a
`
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`
`art; (b) the differences between the prior art and the claimsat issue; (c) the level of
`
`claim to be invalid.
`
`15.
`
`Tunderstand that the fundamental question in analyzing obviousnessis
`
`whether, at the time of the invention, the subject matter of the claimed invention as
`
`a whole would have been obviousto a person ofordinary skill in the art to which the
`
`subject matter pertains, taking into account: (a) the scope and content of the prior
`
`ordinary skill in the art; and (d) any objective indicia of non-obviousnessreferred to
`
`as secondary considerations.
`
`

`

`16.
`
`It
`
`is my understanding that objective indicia of non-obviousness
`
`(secondary considerations) include industry praise, commercial success, long-felt
`
`but unresolved need, copying, failure of others, and/or unexpectedresults. I also
`
`understand that there should be a nexus between the objective indicia and the
`
`claimed invention.
`
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`as a whole, and one must avoid aggregating piecesofprior art through hindsight that
`
`17.
`
`Tunderstand that multiple references can be combined, with one another
`
`and/or with the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art, in rendering a
`
`claim obvious. I also understand, however, that obviousness cannot be established
`
`by simply demonstrating that each element was independently known in the prior
`
`art. Rather, it may be necessary to identify a reason, such as a teaching, suggestion,
`
`or motivation, that would have prompted a person of ordinary skill in the art to
`
`combine the elements in the way the claimed invention does.
`
`18.
`
`I also understand that obviousness cannot be established through
`
`hindsight. I understand this to mean that the claimed invention cannot be used as a
`
`roadmap to combine elements from different pieces of prior art, or different
`
`embodiments of a single prior art reference, to create the claimed invention. I
`
`understand that the claimed invention as a whole must be comparedto the priorart
`
`would not have been combinedabsent the patent inventor’s insight.
`
`B.
`
`“Means-plus-function” claim elements.
`
`

`

`19.
`
`Ihave been informed and understand that a claim term using the word
`
`that a term usedas a substitute for “means”(referred to as a “nonce” word) (e.g., the
`
`term “element” or “module”used byitself) that fails to connote structure (from the
`
`point of view of a person of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the invention) to
`
`perform the claimed function(s) is also a means-plus-function term.
`
`20.
`
`I understand that a means-plus-function term is limited to the function
`
`recited in the claim and the specific structure disclosed in the patent’s specification
`
`for performing that function and structures that are equivalent to the disclosed
`
`structures. As such, it is my understanding that if a term is a means-plus-function
`
`term, the term is defined by its function (as set forth in the claim) and the specific
`
`structure disclosed in the patent’s specification for performing that function and
`
`“means” is presumed to be a “means-plus-function”term. I also have been informed
`
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`
`21.
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`
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`
`term that does not use the word “means” to be deemed a “means-plus-function”term,
`
`the term must not connote structure to a person of ordinary skill in the art at the time
`
`of the invention. In other words, if the term connotesstructure, it is not deemed to
`
`be a “mean-plus-function” term.
`
`

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`22.
`
`Ihave been informed and understand that for a means-plus-function
`
`term, a prior art reference or combination of references must disclose the identical
`
`function set forth in the claim and must disclose a structure that performs the
`
`function that
`
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`
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`
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`
`that performs the claimed function.
`
`I
`
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`
`the prior art element performs the identical function specified in the claim in
`
`substantially the same way, and produces substantially the same result as the
`
`corresponding element disclosed in the specification, (b) a person of ordinary skill
`
`prior art for the corresponding elementdisclosed in the specification, or (c) there are
`
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`
`in the art would have recognized the interchangeability of the element shownin the
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